考研考博-英语-延安大学考试押题卷含答案详解汇编

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-延安大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Theirassurancesofgoodfaithwerehollow;they______ontheagreementalmostatonce.问题1选项A.conferredB.expiatedC.obtrudedD.reneged【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.conferred交换意见；授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）B.expiated为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚；赎（罪）C.obtruded强行闯入；搅扰D.reneged违背（诺言）；背信弃义【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子前半句句意“他们对诚意的保证是空洞的”可知，they______ontheagreement达的是“他们违背了”，所以空格处填入D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】他们对诚意的保证是空洞的；他们几乎同时违背了协议。2.单选题Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度, 老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。3.单选题WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RobertstoldTMZ.comthathewill（）emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.问题1选项A.upholdB.undergoC.transferD.trigger【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项uphold表示“支撑，鼓励，赞成”；B选项undergo表示“经历，经受，忍受”；C选项transfer表示“转让，转移”；D选项trigger表示“触发，引起”。由句意可知，这位摔跤手告诉TMZ.com网站说，他将进行紧急手术，切除癌症肿瘤。因此，只有undergo的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。4.单选题Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.问题1选项A.concentrateB.atrophyC.condenseD.astrogate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concentrate“集中；浓缩”；B选项atrophy“萎缩；虚脱”；C选项condense“使浓缩；使压缩”；D选项astrogate“操纵；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎缩或失去弹性，但是它们不能变成脂肪。并列连词or连接空格处和“失去弹性”，因此此题选B。5.单选题Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.问题1选项A.asksafterB.runsforC.bringsupD.takesafter【答案】A【解析】askafter探问,问候；runfor竞选；bringup提出；takeafter与…相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是,他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。6.单选题“I’malittleworriedaboutmyfuture,”saidDustinHoffmaninTheGraduate.Heshouldbeluck.AllhehadtoworryaboutwaswhethertohaveanaffairwithMrs.Robinson.Inthesixties,thatwasthesumtotalofpost-graduationanxietysyndrome.Hoffman’smoderncounterpartsarenotsofortunate.TheMrs.Robinsonsaren’tsittingaroundathomeanymore,seducinggraduates.Theyareoutintheworkplace,doingthehigh-poweredjobsthegraduateswant,butcannotget.Forthosefreshoutofuniversity,desperateforworkbutunabletogetit,thereisabigimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.Thelatestunemploymentfiguresshowthat746,000of18-24year-oldsareunemployed—arecordrateof18percent.Manyofthosewillhavegraduatedthissummer.Theyarenopanickingyet,butasthejobrejectionsmountup,theyarebeginningtofeelashamed.Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—50percentofschool-leaversinhighereducation.Thatwasnottoosmart.TheGovernmenthasnotonlyfailedtomeetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.Parentsfeelasbadlyletdownastheyoungpeoplethemselves.Middle-classfamiliesseetheirgraduateoffspringonthedolequeueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamiliesfeelanevenkeenersenseofdisappointment.Formanysuchfamilies,gettingachildintouniversitywasthefulfillmentofalifelongdream.Itrepresentedupwardsocialandfinancialmobility.Itwasproofthattheywerelivinginadynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.Graduateunemploymentisnot,ultimately,apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved.Job-creationschemesforgraduatesareverylowdowninministerialin-trays.IfDavidCameron’sConservativeshadabrilliantideaforguaranteeingeverygraduateawell-paidjob,theywouldhaveunveileditbynow.Itisasocialproblem,thoughamoredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.问题1选项A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowB.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationC.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannowD.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthen问题2选项A.pessimisticB.hopefulC.indifferentD.furious问题3选项A.infavourofB.doubtfulaboutC.stronglycriticalofD.mildlycriticalof问题4选项A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.问题5选项A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesB.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueC.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueD.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissue【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】26.【选项释义】26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.26.作者以《毕业生》中的一段插曲作为开头，是为了______。A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowA.支持现在有更多女性工作这一事实B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationB.说明很少有毕业生一毕业就开始工作C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannowC.说明当时的毕业生要比现在少得多D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthenD.强调现在和那时之间的鲜明对比【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键词TheGraduate定位到第一段，文章开头以电影《毕业生》为例，指出60年代毕业生对将来只是有点担心，而且担心的并不是找不到工作；第二段紧接着指出，现代社会的毕业生们就没有霍夫曼那么幸运了，因为类似电影《罗宾森夫人》的女士们占据着毕业生们渴望而又无法得到的高职，供需之间严重失衡。综合可推断，这是过去与现在就业形势的强烈对比，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项是为了进行对比，并不是题干的目的，属于以偏概全；B选项定位第二段倒数第二句中的“渴望工作却又找不到工作（desperateforworkbutunabletogetit）”可知，B项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C选项没有提及，属于无中生有。27.【选项释义】27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.27.关于年轻毕业生的就业机会，作者听起来______。A.pessimisticA.很悲观B.hopefulB.很有希望C.indifferentC.很冷漠D.furiousD.很愤怒【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】定位第二段最后两句“对于那些刚走出大学校门、渴望工作却又找不到工作的人来说，供需之间存在着巨大的失衡（bigimbalance）。目前还没有缩小这一差距的迹象。”，从此可见，作者对年轻毕业生就业机会的态度是悲观的，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C选项不符合原文，属于曲解原文；D选项也属于曲解原文，文中没有字眼表明作者情绪激烈到愤怒的程度。28.【选项释义】28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.28.作者______工党政府的目标：50%的高中毕业生接受高等教育。A.infavourofA.支持B.doubtfulaboutB.怀疑C.stronglycriticalofC.强烈批评D.mildlycriticalofD.温和批评【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】定位到第四段第一句“当然，指责政府很容易，尤其是工党长期吹嘘（trumpeted）的目标：50%的高等教育毕业生”，从trumpeted一词可知作者对工党的做法的嘲讽和不屑之情；结合第二句“那不太聪明（nottoosmart）”可知，作者对工党政府的批评还是比较温和，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B选项属于曲解原文，文中作者明确指出“并未达到该目标（failedtomeetitstarget）”，所以这并不是怀疑的态度；C选项也属于曲解原文，作者虽然批评工党的做法，但文中并没有出现批评的过激字眼，strongly并没有体现出来。29.【选项释义】29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?29.以下关于父母感受的陈述哪一个是正确的？A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.A.工薪阶层的父母也同样感到失望。B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.B.父母和他们的孩子同样感到失望。C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.C.中产阶级的父母感到更失望。D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.D.父母比孩子更失望。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】定位文章倒数第二段首句“父母和年轻人一样感到非常失望”，可知，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位第五段第三句“工薪阶层家庭的失望感更加强烈（anevenkeenersenseofdisappointment）”可知，该项属于反向干扰；C选项定位第二句“中产阶级家庭看到他们的毕业生子女在领取失业救济金的队伍中，不明白他们为什么要付学费”，第一句讲的是“父母和孩子一样失望”，所以中产阶级父母同样感到失望，该项属于反向干扰；D选项与原文相反，也属于反向干扰。30.【选项释义】30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.30.在文章的最后，作者暗示______。A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesA.将会有为毕业生创造就业的计划B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueB.大学生失业更多的是一个政治问题C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueC.大学生失业既是一个政治问题，也是一个社会问题D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissueD.保守党在解决这个问题上做得还远远不够【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位到最后一段第一句“从根本上说，毕业生失业并不是一个有待解决的政治问题（apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved）”，换句话说，毕业生失业是一个政治问题，但是不容易解决；最后一句又说“这是一个社会问题（asocialproblem），尽管这个社会问题比人们可能意识到的更根深蒂固”，所以毕业生失业问题既是一个政治问题也是一个社会问题，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位最后一段第二句“为毕业生创造就业机会的计划在政府部门的公文中处于非常低的位置”可知，为毕业生创造就业的计划暂时没有，该项属于反向干扰；B选项不全面，属于以偏概全；D选项作者明确指出，这个问题不是想解决就能解决的政治问题，所以属于曲解原文。7.单选题Thestudentslisteningtothepompousofficial’slongspeechweresoonveryboring;nodoubtmanyofthemhadtheirmindsmoreonwhatwasforlunchthanonwhathewassaying.问题1选项A.wereB.veryboringC.hadtheirmindsD.onwhatwasforlunchthanonE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】形容词误用。boring改为bored。boring令人厌烦的。bored感到无聊的。8.单选题 Herfamilytakes（）overherwork.问题1选项A.percentageB.priorityC.perspectD.preparation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项percentage“百分比；百分率”；B选项priority“优先；优先权”；C选项perspect“专辑名称”；D选项preparation“预备；准备。句意：对她来说，家庭比工作重要。因此B项符合句意，takepriorityoversth.优先考虑，优先于某事。9.单选题LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.（5）.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.问题1选项A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.问题2选项A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.问题3选项A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.问题4选项A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.问题5选项A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.【答案】第1题:B第2题:F第3题:E第4题:A第5题:C【解析】（1）空前指出许多动物灭绝了，而接下来第二段指出，我们可以根据石头推测已灭绝的动物形状。前后为对立的两种情况,而B项开头的nevertheless正好表示转折，意思是：尽管如此，我们对它们了解很多，因为它们的骨头和贝壳是作为化石保存在岩石中的。从它们我们可以看出它们的大小和形状，它们走路的方式，它们吃的食物种类。该选项起到了衔接第一段和第二段的作用。（2）此空时衔接第二段和第三段,选项F的最后一句与空白后的第一句密切相关。空白后第一句讲：我们所知道的几乎所有化石都是被保存在了由于水的作用而形成的岩石中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水边的动物。选项F提到：becarriedawaybystreamsintolakesorthesea,getcoveredbymud等，都是在讲水的作用形成化石；而最后一句“直到其骨头或外壳嵌进石头并被保存下来”，空格后也有一个preserved与之对应。因此F为此处正确答案。F意为：动物死后，其身体、骨骼或外壳通常会被溪流带走，流入湖泊或海洋，并被泥土覆盖。如果这只动物生活在海里，它的身体可能会下沉并被泥土覆盖。越来越多的泥土会落在上面，直到骨头或贝壳被嵌入并保存下来。（3）53空后一句:还有像螃蟹一样的生物，其身体表面是一层角状物。紧接着后面部分介绍了这类动物的外貌特征。空后一句有一个“also”，由此推测空格处应该是关于另一种海洋生物。选项E提到starlilies这种海洋生物。E意为：最早被发现的动物都是非常简单的动物，生活在海里。后来的形态更为复杂，其中包括海百合、星鱼的关系，星鱼有长长的手臂，被一根长茎附在海床或岩石上。（4）空格处后一句为:Ofthese,theammonitesare…shell…animal,说明ammonites是前面所提某种动物中的一个例子，它们的特点是“有壳"。据此推测此处应为A项。A意为：有壳的水生动物在化石中的历史很久了，而且已知的有很多不同的种类。（5）55空上段主要讲的是有壳水生动物。下段第一句讲：大约7500万年前，爬行动物时代结束了。由此可知，要填入的文字应该既承接上段提到的有壳水生动物，又能够引出下文的爬行动物这样的。只有选项C中有相关的词gaverisetothereptiles。C意为：第一批真正有脊椎的动物是鱼类，最早出现在3.75亿年前的岩石中。大约3亿年前，两栖动物出现了，它们能够在陆地和水中生活。它们是巨大的，有时长达8英尺，其中许多生活在我们的煤层或岩层形成的沼泽水池中。两栖动物产生了爬行动物，在近1.5亿年的时间里，这些爬行动物是陆地、海洋和空中的主要生命形式。10.单选题ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”，sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（ ）.3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof（ ）.  4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare（ ）.  5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat