module__4__music_Chinese_musical_instruments_中国古典乐器

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsPipaKonghouGuzhengBianzhongTraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsPIPA琵琶IntroductionofPIPAThePipaisafour-stringedChineseinstrument,belongingtothepluckedcategoryofinstruments(弹拨乐器).SometimescalledtheChineselute,theinstrumenthasapear-shapedwoodenbodywithavaryingnumberoffretsrangingfrom12–26Tonecolour:clearandmelodiousTheHistoryofPIPAThePIPAappearedintheQinDynasty(221-206BC)andwasdevelopedduringtheHanDynasty.ThePIPAbecameafavoriteintheTangDynastyItisoneofthemostpopularChineseinstrumentsandhasbeenplayedfornearlytwothousandyearsinChina.琵琶出现秦朝，在汉朝有所发展，它是中国近两千多年来最受欢迎的乐器之一。PIPASeveralrelatedinstrumentsinEastandSoutheastAsiaarederivedfromthePIPA;theseincludetheJapanesebiwa日本琵琶,theVietnameseđntỳb,andtheKoreanbipa伽倻琴.TheKoreaninstrumentistheonlyoneofthethreethatisnolongerused.Attemptstorevivetheinstrumenthavefailed,althoughexamplessurviveinmuseum大絃嘈嘈如急雨 :Theboldstringsrattledlikesplattersofsuddenrain,小絃切切如私語 :Thefinestringshummedlikelovers'whispers.嘈嘈切切錯雜彈 :Chatteringandpattering,patteringandchattering,大珠小珠落玉盤 :Aspearls,largeandsmall,onajadeplatefall.PipawithChinesepoesyByBaiJuyiClassicalmusicofPipa武曲：文曲以抒情写景为主,委婉、缠绵《Ambush》《十面埋伏》《Disarmouring》《霸王卸甲》文曲以戏剧性的现为主,激烈、壮观《春江花月夜》《夕阳箫鼓》《昭君出塞》《汉宫秋月》文武曲：《阳春白雪》《高山流水》Konghou箜篌ThemainfeaturethatdistinguishesthemodernkonghoufromtheWesternconcertharpisthatthemodernkonghou'sstringsarefoldedovertomaketworows,whichenablesplayerstouseadvancedplayingtechniquessuchasvibratoandbendingtones.Thetworowsofstringsalsomakeitsuitableforplayingswiftrhythmsandovertones.Thekonghou(Chinese:箜篌;pinyin:kōnghóu)isanancientChineseharp.Thekonghou,alsoknownaskanhou,[citationneeded]wentextinctsometimeintheMingDynasty,butwasrevivedinthe20thcentury.Themoderninstrumentdoesnotresembletheancientone.箜篌KONGHOUIntroductionofKonghouTonecolor:mellowandliquid柔美清澈Thekonghouwasusedtoplayyayue(courtmusic)intheKingdomofChu.DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC–220AD)thekonghouwasusedinqingshangyue(amusicgenre).BeginningintheSuiDynasty(581-618),thekonghouwasalsousedinyanyue(banquetmusic).KonghouplayingwasmostprevalentintheSuiandTangdynasties.Itwasgenerallyplayedinritesandceremoniesandgraduallyprevailedamongtheordinarypeople.箜篌Thewo-konghou,orhorizontalkonghou,wasfirstmentionedinwrittentextsintheSpringandAutumnperiod(770–476BC).Thesu-konghou,orverticalkonghoufirstappearedintheEasternHanDynasty(25–220AD).Thephoenix-headedkonghouwasintroducedfromIndiaintheEasternJinDynasty(317-420AD).DifferentcategoriesofkonghouDifferentcategoriesofkonghouLoveTragedyof“apoemforJiao’swife”汉乐府《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》中即有“十三能织素，十四学裁衣，十五弹箜篌，十六诵诗”《PeotryanthologyofYuefu》ThegirlhastolearnalotofcraftincludingKonhouwhentheyareveryyounginancientChina.Guzheng古筝IntroductionofGuzhengThemodern-dayguzhengisaplucked,half-tubezitherwithmovablebridgesand21strings,althoughitcanhaveanywherefrom15to25strings(acustomizedversionexistswithmorethan34strings)TonecolorisDulcet.优美动听的Theguzheng,orguzheng(Chinese:古筝;pinyin:gǔzhēng)orzheng(筝)(gu-means"ancient")isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.ItbelongstothezitherfamilyofstringinstrumentTheguzhenghasalargeresonantcavitymadefromwutongwood(Paulowniatomentosa).Othercomponentsmaybemadefromotherwoods,usuallyforstructuralanddecorativepurposes.HistoryofGuzhengTheguzhenghasexistedsincetheWarringStatesPeriodandbecameespeciallypopularduringtheQindynasty.Theancientguzhenghad12strings,whichgraduallyevolvedintoitcurrentforms.Theguzhengistunedtoapentatonicscale,the16-stringzhengistunedtogivethreecompleteoctaves,whilethe21-stringzhenghasfourcompleteoctaves.幽雅AmodernguzhengTheguzhengshouldnottobeconfusedwiththeguqin,anotherancientChinesezitherbutwithoutbridges.ThedifferencebetweenGuqinandGuzhengCelebratedmusicOfGuZheng《渔舟唱晚》《出水莲》《高山流水》《林冲夜奔》《侗族舞曲》《汉宫秋月》《寒鸦戏水》《东海渔歌》《香山射鼓》《战台风》Bianzhong编钟Thechime-bell,castwithbronze,isamemberofthepercussioninstrumentfamilyinancientChina.Itconsistsofovalbellsindifferentsizesarrangedtotheorderofthepitch,whicharehungonahugebellcot.Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenbeatingthebellswithawoodhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformedwhenbeatingtothetuneThechime-bellsofKingYioftheZengStateareacompletesetofpercussioninstrumentexcavatedfromthetombofKingYioftheZengStateintheWarringStatesPeriod(433B.C.).Itreflectstheluxuriouslifeofthearistocratsinthatperiod,aswellastheproficiencyinbronzecastinginancientChinaItistheembodimentofourgreatachievementinbronzecasting,ourproficiencyinmusicscienceandthewisdomofourpeopleinancientChina.It'sarealprideofourancestorBianzhongTheexcavationofthechime-bellsastoundedtheworld'sarcheologicalsociety,sinceit'sextremelyrareintheworldculturalhistorytofindsuchexquisitemusicalinstrumentsandmagnificentbandexistedover2000yearsago.FamousmusicofBianzhong竹枝词（编种与编磬）春江花月夜（古乐合奏）屈原问渡（古乐合奏）楚殇（编钟名曲）幽兰（古琴与编钟）国殇（古乐合奏）送孟浩然之广陵（古乐合奏）Thankyou!WehaveintroducedfourmusicalinstrumentsWeareproudofourforefatherThankfortheirwisdomTheend