美国火力发电厂(全英文版)介绍

NavajoGeneratingStation主讲人：牛兰利Contentsintroduction1History2Designandspecifications3Performance4Environmentalcontrols6Economicaspects5IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionNavajoGeneratingStationisa2250megawattcoal-firedpowerplant.ThisplantprovideselectricalpowertocustomersinArizona,NevadaandCalifornia.ItalsoprovidesthepowerforpumpingColoradoRiverwaterfortheCentralArizonaProject,supplyingabout1.5 millionacrefeet(1.85 km3)ofwaterannuallytocentralandsouthernArizona.Asof2013permissiontooperateasaconventionalcoal-firedplantisanticipateduntilDecember22,2044.TheNavajoGeneratingStationistheUnitedStatesofAmerica'sthirdlargestemitterofcarbondioxideIntroductionitlocatesontheNavajoIndianReservation,nearPage,Arizona,UnitedStatesHistoryin1950sand1960sdesignin1970startin1974units1completedin1974units2completedin1974units1completedNGSbuildingDesignandspecificationsTheplanthasthreeidentical750MWsteamelectricgeneratingunits.Majorcomponentsofeachunitincludeaboiler,turbine,generator,closed-cyclecoolingsystem,andenvironmentalcontrolequipmentEconomicaspects●NGShas538employees,andpaysabout$52millionperyearintotalwages●NGSbeingthesolesourceofrevenueforthemine.Theplantandmineannuallypayoutabout$100millionindirectwagesand$50millioninleasesandroyalties●NGSandKayentaMinepaymentsin2012accountedforaboutaquarteroftheNavajoNation’srevenues,and65%oftheHopiTribe’srevenues,resultinginabout850directtribalpositionsEnvironmentalcontrolsFluegasemissions★Priortoinstallationofthescrubbers,SO2emissionswereabout71,000tonsperyear★Priorto2009wheninstallationofthenewburnersbegan,NOxemissionswereabout34,000tonsperyearEnvironmentalcontrolsEnvironmentalcontrolsFlyashparticulateisremovedfromthefluegasbyhot-sideelectrostaticprecipitators(ESPs)andSO2scrubbers.TheESPs,constructedaspartoftheoriginalplant,remove99%ofparticulate.Scrubbersremoveanadditional50%ofwhatremainsinthefluegasafterpassingthroughtheESPsEnvironmentalcontrolsWastewaterhandling◆NGSwasbuiltwithoneofthefirstzeroliquiddischarge(ZLD)systemsinapowerplant,recoveringallcoolingtowerblow-downandrunofffromdevelopedareasofthesite。◆Thewastewaterisprocessedthroughthreebrineconcentratorsandacrystallizer,whichremovethesolidsandproducedistilledwaterforre-usewithintheplant◆SeverallinedpondsareusedinconjunctionwiththeZLDsystemtocaptureandregulatetheflowofwastewatertothesystemEnvironmentalcontrolsByproductshandling■Theplantsellsabout500,000tonsofflyashperyearforuseinthemanufactureofconcreteandFlexcreteinsulatingblockbuildingproduct■Bottomashandgypsum,abyproductofthescrubberoperation,aredewateredintheremovalprocess;and,alongwithanyflyashnotsold,arelandfilledon-siteassolids.Nowetimpoundmentsareusedforashorbyproductdisposal