ASTM D380-94(2006)橡胶软管的测试方法

Designation:D380–94(Reapproved2006)StandardTestMethodsforRubberHose1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD380;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.ThesemethodshavebeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefensetoreplaceMethods7431,7421,10011,10021,10211,10221,10311,10341,10351,and10361ofFederalTestMethodStandardNo.601andforlistingintheDoDIndexofSpecificationsandStandards.1.Scope1.1Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresforinspectionandtestofalltypesandconstructionsofrubberhose.21.2Incaseofconflictbetweenprovisionsofthesetestmethodsandthoseofdetailedspecificationsortestmethodsforaparticularhose,thelattershalltakeprecedence.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:3D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermo-plasticElastomers—TensionD413TestMethodsforRubberProperty—AdhesiontoFlexibleSubstrateD471TestMethodforRubberProperty—EffectofLiquidsD572TestMethodforRubber—DeteriorationbyHeatandOxygenD573TestMethodforRubber—DeteriorationinanAirOvenD865TestMethodforRubber—DeteriorationbyHeatinginAir(TestTubeEnclosure)D1149TestMethodforRubberDeterioration—SurfaceOzoneCrackinginaChamberD1415TestMethodforRubberProperty—InternationalHardnessD2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHardnessD3183PracticeforRubber—PreparationofPiecesforTestPurposesfromProductsD3767PracticeforRubber—MeasurementofDimensionsD4483PracticeforEvaluatingPrecisionforTestMethodStandardsintheRubberandCarbonBlackManufacturingIndustriesE4PracticesforForceVerificationofTestingMachines3.GeneralTestMethods3.1Exceptasotherwisespecifiedinthesetestmethodsforrubberhose,thefollowingtestmethods,applicableingeneraltovulcanizedrubber,shallbecompliedwithasrequiredandareherebymadeapartofthesetestmethods:3.1.1GeneralPhysicalTestRequirements—PracticeD3183.3.1.2TensionTest—TestMethodsD412.3.1.3AgingTest—TestMethodD572,TestMethodD573,andTestMethodD865.3.1.4AdhesionTest—TestMethodsD413.3.1.5ImmersionTest—TestMethodD471.3.1.6HardnessTest—TestMethodD2240.3.1.7HardnessTest—TestMethodD1415.4.SignificanceandUse4.1Thesetestmethodsprovideuniformmethodsforinspec-tionandtestofrubberhosesthatcanbereferencedinhosespecificationsforvariousapplications.4.2Uniformtestmethodsmakequalitycomparisonsofhoseeasierandmoremeaningful,andaremoreeconomicalparticu-larlywhenthesamerubbervulcanizatesareusedindifferenttypes,constructions,orsizesofhose.1ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD11onRubberandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD11.31onRubberHoseandBelting.CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2006.PublishedJune2006.Originallyapprovedin1933.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2000asD380–94(2000).2Forspecificationscoveringhoseusedinautomotive,construction,andindus-trialequipmentapplications,referenceshouldbemadetoSAEStandardsforCoolantSystemHoses(SAEJ20e),FuelandOilHoses(SAEJ30b),PowerSteeringPressureHose—HighVolumetricExpansion(SAEJ188),PowerSteeringReturnHose(SAE189),PowerSteeringPressureHose—LowVolumetricExpansion(SAEJ191),PowerSteeringPressureHose—WireBraid(SAEJ190),WindshieldWiperHose(SAEJ50a),EmissionControlHose(SAEJ1010),WindshieldWasherTubing(SAEJ1037),TestsandProceduresforSAE100RSeriesHydraulicHoseandHoseAssemblies(SAEJ343c),andforTestsandProceduresforHigh-TemperatureTransmissionOilHose,LubricatingOilHose,andHoseAssemblies(SAEJ1019).3ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.1Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.5.Sampling5.1Asampleofsufficientlengthforproperperformanceoftherequiredtestsshallbecutfromthehosewhenpossiblewithoutimpairingitsuseandthepiecesofhosefromwhichsampleshavethusbeencutshallbeacceptedbythepurchaserasfulllength,providedthehosemeetsthespecifiedrequire-ments.Thelengthofsamplesrequireddependsonthetestswhicharerequired.Thefollowingwillshowtheminimumlengthrequiredforthevarioustests:5.1.1ThicknessofTube,Cover,andRubberElements;TensileStrengthandElongation(Original);Adhesion:NominalBoreDiameter,mm(in.)SampleLength,mm(in.)below19(0.75)900(36)19to31.5(0.75to1.25)750(30)over31.5(1.25)600(24)5.1.2VolumetricExpansion—Forallsizes450mm(18in.).5.1.3StraightBurst—Forhosenominal76mm(3in.)andsmaller,450mm(18in.);forhoseover76mmininsidediameter600mm(24in.)butnotexceeding900mm(36in.).Use900mmforallsizesofjacketedrubberlinedfirehose.NOTE1—Volumetricsamplescanbeusedforbursttestswhenhoseisnominal76mm(3in.)insidediameterandsmaller.5.1.4CurvedBurst—Forallborediametersofhose,900mm(36in.).5.1.5HoldTest—Forhose76mm(3in.)andsmaller,450mm(18in.);forhoseover76mmininsidediameter,600mm(24in.)butnotexceeding900mm.5.1.6ImmersionTest—VolumeChangeandStrengthDete-rioration:NominalBoreDiameter,mm(in.)SampleLength,mm(in.)below19(0.75)450(18)19to31.5(0.75to1.25)300(12)over31.5(1.25)150(6)5.1.7Low-TemperatureTest:NominalBoreDiameter,mm(in.)SampleLength,mm(in.)below31.5(1.25)500(20)31.5to50(1.25to2)700(28)over50(2)1000(40)5.2Wheretheconstructionofthehosedoesnotpermitthecuttingofsamplesasdescribedin5.1withoutimpairmentofuse,asinwireinsertedhose,dredgingsleeves,etc.,aseparatelengthhavingthesamespecificationsshallbeprovided,eitherasanadditionallengthorasaprolongationbuiltontothehose.Wireshallbeomittedfromtheprolongationorsamplelengthunlessthedetailedphysicaltestsincluderequirementsthatmeasuretheeffectofthewireormetalelementsintheconstruction.Additionallengthtakenforpurposeoftestsshallbepaidforbythepurchaser,providedtheyconformtothespecifiedrequirements.5.3Thesamplingofwoven-jacketedrubber-linedhoseshallbeinaccordancewithdetailedspecificationsforthismaterial.6.MeasurementofHose6.1Length—Determinethelengthbymeansofasteeltapeorcalibratedmeasuringdevice.Itshallnotincludethelengthoffittingsexceptwhenspecificallysorequestedandrecorded.Inthecaseofwoven-jacketedrubber-linedhose,orhosewithahelicalwirereinforcement,determinethelengthundera70-kPa(10-psi)internalpressure.6.2OutsideDiameterandReinforcementDiameter—Measurethecircumferencewithaflexibletapeanddeterminethediameterbycalculation.Useofapi(p)tapegraduatedtoreadthediameterdirectlyisacceptable.Ondiametersof25mm(1in.)orless,calipermeasurementsareacceptablewhenatleasttwomeasurementsaremadeapproximately90°apartandthemeasurementsaveraged.Themeasuringdeviceshallbecapableofmeasuringinincrementsof0.25mm(0.01in.)orless.Alldiametermeasurementsshallbemadeatleast25mm(1in.)distancebackfromtheendsofthehose.6.3InsideDiameter—Onhoseuptoandincludingnominalinsidediameterof75mm(3in.)suitableexpandingballgauges,telescopinggauges,orcylindrical-pluggaugesshallbeused.6.3.1Themeasuringdevicesshallhavethefollowingmini-mumprecision:NominalBoreDiameter,mm(in.)Pluggauges,mm(in.)Calipers,mm(in.)Scales,mm(in.)25(1)orless0.25(0.01)over25to50(1to2)0.50(0.02)over50to75(2to3)0.75(0.03)over75(3)0.25(0.01)150(6)ormore0.50(0.02)0.50(0.02)6.3.1.1Pluggatesshallhavethemaximumincrementsindiameterasgivenaboveandaminimumsteplengthof9.5mm(0.37in.).6.3.1.2Ballgaugesandtelescopicgaugesshallbecapableofmeasuringincrementsof0.50mm(0.02in.)orless.6.3.2Onhose150mm(6in.)orlargerinnominalinsidediameter,inadditiontoinsidecalipers,agraduatedsteelscalecanbeused.Onhose150mm(6in.)orlargerthemeasuringdeviceshallbecapableofmeasuring0.50mm(0.02in.)orless.Withtheexceptionofcylindricalpluggauges,atleasttwomeasurementsshallbemadeapproximately90°apartandthesemeasurementsaveraged.Forhosethathasavisualinsidediametervariationattheendofthehose,forexample,theflaredorneckeddownendonwirebraidreinforcedhose,measurementsshallbemadeatleast25mm(1in.)distancebackfromtheendofthehose.6.4WallThickness—Determinethewallthicknessatleast12mmfromtheendofthehosetoavoidflare.Useamicrometerwitharoundedanvilincontactwiththeinsideofthehose.Contactsurfaceoftheanvilshouldbeabout8mmlong.Supportfortheanvilshouldbesmallerindiameterthantheanviltoavoidinwardflare.Careisneededtobesurethattheanvilandthefootaresquaretothesurfaceofthehose.Sufficientforceshallbeappliedtoobtainfirmcontactwith,butnotindent,hosesurface.6.4.1Theminimumwallthicknessshallbetheminimummeasurementobtainedfromaseriesofmeasurementstakenaroundthecircumferenceofthehosebutconcentratedintheareavisuallysuspectedofbeingthin.6.4.2Themaximumwallthicknessshallbethemaximummeasurementobtainedfromaseriesofmeasurementstakenaroundthecircumferenceofthehosebutconcentratedintheareavisuallysuspectedofbeingthick.D380–94(2006)26.4.3Theaveragewallthicknessshallbetheaverageofatleastfourmeasurementstakenequidistantaroundthecircum-ferenceofthehose.6.5WallConcentricity—Thedifferencebetweenthemini-mumandmaximumwallthicknessdeterminedin6.4.1and6.4.2.7.ThicknessofTube,CoverorOtherRubberElements7.1DeterminethethicknessofarubberelementfromanytypeofhoseinaccordancewithMethodAofPracticeD3767.7.2Takethethicknessofarubberelementadjoiningabraid-orhelical-woundreinforcingmemberofanymaterialastheaveragebetweentwomeasurementsofthickness,oneofwhichshallbeobtainedusingtheunbuffedspecimenandtheotherusingaspecimenthatisbuffedjustsufficientlytoremovethebraidorhelicalcorrugations.7.3Takethethicknessofarubberelementadjoiningaseamlesswovenjacketofanymaterialonaspecimenthatisbuffedjustsufficientlytoremovethecorrugationscausedbythewovenjacket.Wherebackingisusedonarubberelement,removethebackingbeforemeasuringthickness.7.4Determinethethicknessofarubberelementadjoiningflexiblemetalconvolutedliningatthevalleysformedbythetopsofthemetalconvolutions.Preparetheoppositesideoftherubberelement,adjacenttootherreinforcingmembers,forthicknessmeasurementasspecifiedintheotherparagraphsofthissection,dependingonthetypeofreinforcingmember.7.5Determinethethicknessofarubberelementadjoiningreinforcingfabricwovenpriortoassemblyinthehoseonaspecimenthatisunbuffed.8.TestConditions8.1Thetemperatureofthetestingroomshallbebetween21and32°C(70and90°F).Thesamplestobetestedshallbekeptinthisroomforatleast30minprevioustothetimeoftesting.Incaseofarbitrationatestatmosphereof5065%relativehumidityatatemperatureof2362°C(73.463.6°F)shallbeused.NOTE2—Thesespecialtestconditionsshallbeconfinedtotensionandimmersiontestingonly.9.NumberofTests9.1Whentestvaluelimitsareestablished,testonespecimenforeachphysicalcharacteristicrequiredinthedetailedspeci-ficationsforaparticularhose,exceptintheimmersiontestsgiveninSections19-23inclusive.Iftheresultsdonotmeetthespecifiedrequirements,preparetwoadditionalspecimensfromtheoriginalsampleandtest.Shouldtheresultsofeitherofthesetestsbebelowthespecifiedrequirements,considerthesampletohavefailedtomeetthespecifications.9.2Iftestvaluelimitsarenotestablished,testatleastthreespecimensandtakethemedian.10.SeparationofRubberParts10.1Cutasufficientlengthfromthehosesampletoprovidelongitudinaltensiontestspecimensfromhose76mm(3in.)andunderinnominaldiameterandtransversetestspecimensonlargersizes.Separatetherubberpartstobetestedfromthebalanceofthehose.Performtheseparationwithouttheuseofasolvent,ifpracticable,andwithoutexcessivestretchingoftherubber.Maketheseparationalittleatatimewhiletherubberisgrippednearthepointofseparation.Ifitisnecessarytouseasolventintheseparatingoperationusecommercialisooctane.Ifisooctaneisused,placetherubbersoastopermitfreeevaporationofthesolventfromallpartsofitssurface,andallowittorestatleast1hbeforebeingtested.TENSILESTRENGTHANDELONGATIONOFRUBBER11.Procedure11.1TestinaccordancewithTestMethodsD412.Whenspecimenthicknessislessthan1.5mm(0.06in.)afterpreparationagreatervariationintestvaluescanbeanticipated.Attimesacceptabletestspecimenscannotbeobtainedortruevaluesdonotresultfromdumbbellspreparedfromthehose.InsuchcasessubstitutionofsheetmaterialinaccordancewiththesectiononpiecesfromPracticeD3183isrecommended.ADHESIONTESTS12.TestSpecimens12.1Fromwoven-jacketedrubber-linedhose,cutadhesiontestspecimensalltransverselyfromthesamplesinrings50mm(2in.)inwidth.Thenopentheseringsandlaythemoutflatsoastogiverectangularspecimensoflengthequaltothefullcircumferenceofthehose.Accuratelycutoneachspeci-menacentralstripoflining38mm(1.5in.)inwidth,thecutextendingthroughtheliningbutnotentirelythroughthewovenjacket.Separatethesestripsfromthejacketatoneendforadistanceofabout38mm.12.2Fromothertypesofhose,cuttheadhesiontestspeci-menstransverselyfromthesamplesinrings25mm(1in.)inwidthusingasharptoolthatwillleavecleanedges.Onhose6.5to100mm(0.25to4in.),inclusive,ininsidediametertestthespecimensinringformandrefertothemas“ringspecimens.”Forhoseover100mmininsidediametercuttheringsthroughatthepointwheretheoutsideplyoffabricends,andopenthemtoformstripsthatshallbereferredtoas“stripspecimens.”12.3Cutadhesionspecimensfromhoselessthan6.5mmininsidediameterlongitudinallyfromthehose(Note3).Sincethewidthofthesespecimenswillbelessthan25mm(1in.),determinetheadhesiononthecontactwidthofthetestspecimen.NOTE3—Adhesiontestsonhosesmallerthan6.5mm(0.25in.)arenotrecommended,duetothesizeofthespecimenavailable.12.4Inhoseconstructionshavingbraidedwirereinforcingmembers,itisimpracticaltoprepareadhesiontestspecimens.12.5Onhose19mm(0.75in.)to100mm(4in.),inclusive,ininsidediameter,havingawovenwirefillerreinforcement,preparespecimensfortheadhesiontestasfollows:Cutthehosetoformalongitudinalspecimen150mm(6in.)longand50mm(2in.)wide.Flattenthespecimenthuspreparedanddrawtwoparallellines25mm(1in.)apartalongthetubeandcoverandcutthroughtothewovencarcass.SeparatefromtheD380–94(2006)3jacketforashortdistancetheendsofthecentralportionbetweenthesetwocuts.Determineadhesioninaccordancewith13.2forstripspecimens.13.Procedure13.1RingSpecimens—TestinaccordancewiththeStatic-MassMethodorMachineMethodofTestMethodsD413.13.2StripSpecimens—TestinaccordancewiththeStatic-MassMethodorMachineMethodofTestMethodsD413.13.3Forhosewithwovenwirereinforcementhavinganinsidediameterunder19mm(0.75in.),thehosemaybetestedforvalueoftubeadhesionbyuseoftheball-vacuummethodasfollows:Laysectionsofhoseinastraightlineonaninclinedtable.Passasteelball,3.18mm(0.125in.)lessindiameterthanthenominalinsidediameterofthehose,throughthehosewhiletheinternalpressureis60610kPa(1863in.Hg)belowtheexternalpressure.13.4Report:13.4.1Thereportshallincludethefollowing:13.4.1.1ValueoftheadhesionsobtainedbytheStatic-MassMethodinaccordancewith13.1and13.2asaveragemillime-trespersecond(orinchesperminute)ofseparationunderastatedmassrequiredtoseparatespecimensatanaveragerateof0.42mm/s(or1in./min),13.4.1.2ValueoftheadhesionsobtainedbytheMachineMethod(seetheCalculationsectionofTestMethodsD413)inaccordancewith13.1and13.2,and13.4.1.3Valueofadhesionobtainedinaccordancewith13.3,asballpassingornotpassing.13.5PrecisionandBias—TheprecisionandbiasoftheStatic-MassandMachineMethodsaregiveninTestMethodsD413.Nostatementismadeabouteithertheprecisionorbiasoftheballmethodformeasuringadhesionofhoseliningsincetheresultsmerelyindicatewhetherthereisconformancetothecriteriaspecifiedintheprocedure.PRESSURETESTS14.TypesofTests14.1Hydrostatictestsofhoseconsistofsubjectingthespecimentotheactionofinternalwaterpressureunderspecifiedconditionstodetermineeithertheburstingstrengthofthehoseortheeffectoflowerhydrostaticpressuresinproducingchangessimilartothoseoccurringinservice.Inthelattercase,thetestmaybeusedasaninspectionprooftestwithaminimumsafelimit.Burstingstrengthisdeterminedonshortspecimenscutfromthefullhoselengths,butintestsforserviceeffectsandforproofinspection,thefulllengthsareusedasspecimens.Thespecimensmaybetested,asrequired,instraight,curved,orkinkedpositions,dependinguponthestresseswhicharedesiredtobeevaluated.14.2Aerostaticpressuretestsofhoseconsistofsubjectingthespecimentotheactionofinternalairornitrogengaspressureunderspecifiedconditionstodeterminetheintegrityandleakresistanceofthehoseorhoseassembly.Normallythehoseorhoseassemblyissubmergedunderwaterandaconstantstreamofbubblesisanindicationofleakage.15.ApplicationofPressure15.1Applyhydrostaticpressurebymeansofahand-orpower-drivenhydraulicpumporanaccumulatorsystem.Con-nectthehosetothewaterlineorpumpandfillwithwaterpriortoapplicationofpressure,allowingallairinthehosetoescapethroughapetcockprovidedforthepurpose.Thisisimportantasasafetymeasurebecauseexpansionofaircompressedinthehose,whensuddenlyreleasedbyburstingorotherfailure,mightresultinseriousaccident.Thenclosethepetcockandapplythepressureatauniformrateofincreaseofapproxi-mately7MPa(1000psi)/minexceptforhosewithburstingstrengthspecifiedabove14MPa(2000psi),inwhichcasethepressureshallbeappliedatarateof70MPa(10000psi)/minorasrapidlyaspumpcapacitywillpermit.Measurethepressurewithacalibratedgauge.NOTE4—Thespecifiedrateof7MPa(1000psi)/minrequirestoomuchtimeforsmall-diameterhigh-strengthhose,suchashydraulicbrakehose,wire-reinforcedgreasegunhose,etc.With3.2-mm(0.125-in.)hydraulicbrakehose,pressureincreasesatratesashighas280MPa(40000psi)/minaresatisfactory.15.2Applyaerostaticpressurebyconnectingthehoseorhoseassemblytoasourceofairornitrogengaspressure.Submergethehoseandcouplingsentirelyinwatersuchthatvisualobservationsofthehoseassemblyispermitted.Applythespecifiedinternalpressure,measuredwithacalibratedgauge,andmaintainforthespecifiedperiodoftime.Anyevidenceofleakagefromthehoseorcouplingsshallbereported.Initialappearanceofbubblesmaybeanindicationofairentrappedinthehosewall.Agitatethehoseafter2mintobreaktheairbubblesfromthehosesurface.Followingthisasteadystreamofbubblesfromanylocationshallbeconsideredfailuretomeetthetest.16.BurstingTests16.1StraightBurstingTest—Thespecimenforthehydro-statictestforburstingstrengthshallbeatleast450mm(18in.)inlengthforhose76mm(3in.)andsmallerininsidediameter,andatleast600mm(24in.)inlengthforlargerhose.Shorterorlongerlengthsmaybebursttestedwhencircumstancesdictate,forexample,whenaburstonamanufacturedpartisspecified.ThepressureshallberaisedasspecifiedinSection15,untilfailure,andthepressureatwhichfailureoccursshallbeconsideredtheburstingstrengthofthehose.16.2CurvedBurstingTest—Thecurvedburstingstrengthtestforwovenrubber-linedfirehoseshallbemadeinaccor-dancewith16.1,exceptthatthehoseshallbefirmlysecuredatbothendstoasuitabletestframewhichiscurvedtoaradiusof690mm(27in.).16.3PrecisionandBias:16.3.1ThisprecisionandbiassectionhasbeenpreparedinaccordancewithPracticeD4483.RefertoPracticeD4483forterminologyandotherstatisticalcalculationdetails.16.3.2Theprecisionresultsinthisprecisionandbiassectiongiveanestimateoftheprecisionofthistestmethodwiththerubbermaterialsusedintheparticularinter-laboratoryprogramisdescribedbelow.Theprecisionparametersshouldnotbeusedforacceptance/rejectiontestingofanygroupofmaterialswithoutdocumentationthattheyareapplicabletoD380–94(2006)4thoseparticularmaterialsandthespecifictestingprotocolsthatincludethistestmethod.16.3.2.1AType1(inter-laboratory)precisionwasevaluatedin1989.Bothrepeatabilityandreproducibilityareshort-term;aperiodofafewdaysseparatereplicatotestresults.Atestresultistheaveragevalueasspecifiedbythismethod,obtainedontwodeterminationsormeasurementsofthepropertyorparameterinquestion.(1)Sevendifferenttypesofhosewereusedintheinter-laboratoryprogram.TheseweretestedinvaryingnumbersoflaboratoriesasgiveninTable1ontwodifferentdays.(2)Theresultsoftheprecisioncalculationsforrepeatabil-ityandreproducibilityaregiveninTable1inascendingorderofaveragehoseburstpressureexpressedinMPa.(3)Theprecisionofthistestmethodmaybeexpressedintheformatofthefollowingstatementswhichuseanappropri-atevalueofr,R,(r),or(R)