基础英语lesson1_background information

BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYearsPartTwoENTERBTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Author ErikH.Erickson Erickson’sDevelopmentalStagesBackgroundinformationBTLEW BobHartmanwasborninPittsburgh,theUnitedStates,andmovedtoEnglandinthesummerof2000.Hehasbeenworkingasastorytellerforchildrenformorethanadecadeandisapart-timepastor.Lesson1–YourCollegeYears AuthorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears AuthorTheendofAuthor.AselectionofbooksbyBobHartmanBTLEWErikH.Erikson(1902—1994),wasaGerman-bornAmericanpsychoanalystwhosewritingsonsocialpsychology,individualidentity,andtheinteractionsofpsychologywithhistory,politics,andcultureinfluencedprofessionalapproachestopsychosocialproblemsandattractedmuchpopularinterest.HewasmostfamousforhisworkonrefiningandexpandingFreud’stheoryofdevelopmentalstages.Lesson1–YourCollegeYears ErikH.EricksonTobecontinuedonthenextpage.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears ErikH.EricksonMainbooksbyErikH.EricksonTheendofErickson.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesBasicTheory:Babiesarebornwithsomebasiccapabilitiesanddistincttemperaments.Buttheygothroughdramaticchangesonthewaytoadulthoodandoldage.AccordingtopsychologistErikH.Erikson,eachindividualpassesthrougheightdevelopmentalstages.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesEachdevelopmentalstageischaracterizedbyadifferentpsychological"crisis",whichmustberesolvedbytheindividualbeforetheindividualcanmoveontothenextstage.Ifthepersoncopeswithaparticularcrisisinamaladaptivemanner,theoutcomewillbemorestruggleswiththatissuelaterinlife.ToErikson,thesequenceofthestagesaresetbynature.Itiswithinthesetlimitsthatnurtureworksitsways.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Stage1:InfantTrustvsMistrustNeedsmaximumcomfortwithminimaluncertaintytotrusthimself/herself,others,andtheenvironment.Stage2:ToddlerAutonomyvsShameandDoubtWorkstomasterphysicalenvironmentwhilemaintainingself-esteem.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Stage3:PreschoolerInitiativevsGuiltBeginstoinitiate,notimitate,activities;developsconscienceandsexualidentity.Stage4:School-ageChildIndustryvsInferiorityTriestodevelopasenseofself-worthbyrefiningskills.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Stage5:AdolescentIdentityvsRoleConfusionTriesintegratingmanyroles(child,sibling,student,athlete,worker)intoaself-imageunderrolemodelandpeerpressure.Stage6:YoungAdultIntimacyvsIsolationLearnstomakepersonalcommitmenttoanotherasspouse,parentorpartner.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYears Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesStage7:Middle-AgeAdultGenerativityvsStagnationSeekssatisfactionthroughproductivityincareer,family,andcivicinterests.Stage8:OlderAdultIntegrityvsDespairReviewslifeaccomplishments,dealswithlossandpreparesfordeath.Theendofthetheory.BTLEWLesson1–YourCollegeYearsPartTwoThisistheendofPartTwo.PleaseclickHOMEtovisitotherparts.