从事证券行业的门槛：证券从业资格证

现在完成时被动语态讲解与习 现在完成时被动语态 现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构: 1. 主动句:He has repaired the machine for two hours. (他修理这台机器已有两小时了) 被动句:The machine has been repaired for two hours. (这台机器已修了两小时了) 2. 主动句:The teacher has borrowed the books. (老师把那些借走了) 被动句:The books have been borrowed by the teacher. (那些书被老师借走了) 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成 1(现在完成时被动语态的肯定式 由“have ,has ，been ，及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: Two windows have been broken(两个窗子被打破了。 2(现在完成时被动语态的否定式 由“have ,has ，not，been ，及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: The car has not been repaired(这辆汽车还没有修好。 3(现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式 由“Have ,Has ，主语，been，及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: ??Has her work been finished,她的工作完成了吗, ?Yes，it has(是的，完成了。 ??Have the cars been repaired,这些汽车修好了吗, ?No，they haven't(不，还没有。 4(现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式 由“疑问词，have,has，主语，been，及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如: How long has her work been finished,她的工作完成有多久了, Who has been helped by the new computer,谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助, How many new words have been learned by the students,这些学生已经学会了多少单词, 二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法 1(示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去)，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。 例如:The door has been locked(门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去) 2(表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long(((,句型中。 例如:They have been told about it for many times(有人告诉他们这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他们) How long has the machine been used,这机器使用有多久了, 三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题 1(现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ,has和been，两者缺一不可。 2(注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。 例如:The house was built last year(这房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built(这房子已经建好了。 3(由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。 例如:译:这本书买了多久了, 误:How long has this book been bought, 正:How long ago was this book bought, 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时 间段连用。 例如:No books have been bought since last week(自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 4(短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的 介词或副词。 例如:The orphan has been well looked after(这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。 一(经典习题 1. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. (北京2005春) A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish 2. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.(重庆 2005) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (江苏 2004) A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It --------for weeks.(2004全国卷?) A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 二( 与解析 1)第1题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了(对现在造成影响和结果)，所以紧接 着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗,”，故选A。 2)第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强 调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。 3)第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year可知用 现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。 4)第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。 1. Both my brother work at the power station that _____ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. _____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 3. All the preparations for the task _____, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done 4. --- How long _____ at this job? --- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 5. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 6. Betty _____ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has 7. That book _____ into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated 8. --- Hi, Tom, you look tired. --- Of course. I _____ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting 9. --- Did you move into the new house? --- No. The rooms ______ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted 10. Great changes _____ in my hometown and a lot of factories _____. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up 11. It’s said that this book _____ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated 12. You can’t move in .The house _____. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted D. has been painted 13. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been cause 14. Have you ever _____ to the exhibition which _____ for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted 15. --- How long ago _____ these eggs _____? --- Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched 16. The construction of the two new railway lines _____ by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed Seasons in the Sun 歌手:Westlife (西域男孩)专辑:Westlife Goodbye to you my trusted friend 对你说再见 我信赖的朋友 We've know each other since we were nine or ten 自从我们九岁或10岁就已认识了彼此 Together we've climbed hills and trees 我们一起攀爬山丘和树木 Learned of love and ABC's 学习爱和ABC's Skinned our hearts and skinned our knees 磨练心性也磨破了膝盖 Goodbye my friend it's hard to die 再见 我的朋友 道别是如此难以启齿 When all the birds are singing in the sky 当所有的鸟正在天空歌唱的时候 Now that spring is in the air 此刻，春天的气息洋溢 Pretty girls are everywhere 到处都有漂亮的女孩 Think of me and I'll be there 想到我时我将随之出现 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time 我们爬过的小山坡 不曾因时光而变换季节 Goodbye Papa please pray for me I was the black sheep of the family 请为我祈祷 我曾是家里的害群之马 再见 爸爸 You tried to reach me right from wrong 你曾试著教我分辨对错 Too much wine and too much song 太多的美酒与歌 Wonder how I got along 怀疑我是怎麼过日子的 Goodbye papa it's hard to die 再见 爸爸 道别是如此难以启齿 When all the birds are singing in the sky 当所有的鸟正在天空歌唱 Now that the spring is in the air 此刻，春天的气息洋溢 Little children everywhere 孩童们四处奔跑 When you see them I'll be there ,I’ll be there 当你看见他们，我将随之出现 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the wine and the song like the seasons have all gone 但美酒与歌 像季节一样已全部逝去(repeat) Goodbye Michelle my little one 再见 蜜雪儿 我的唯一 You gave me love and helped me find the sun 你给我爱 帮助我找到阳光 And every time that I was down 每一次当我感到沮丧时 You would always come around 你总是在我身边 And get my feet back on the ground 帮助我重新振作起来 Goodbye Michelle it's hard to die 再见 蜜雪儿 道别是如此难以启齿 When all the birds are singing in the sky 当所有的鸟正在天空歌唱 Now that the spring is in the air 此刻，春天的气息洋溢 With the flowers everywhere I wish that we could both be there 我希望我们都可以在那里 四周开满花的那里 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the hills that we climb were just seasons out of time. 但我们攀登的小山在正义季节出于时间。 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the wine and the song like the seasons have all gone 但美酒与歌 像季节一样已全部逝去 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the wine and the song like the seasons have all gone 但美酒与歌 像季节一样已全部逝去 We had joy we had fun we had seasons in the sun 我们曾拥有快乐，拥有欢笑 我们曾拥有阳光季节 But the wine and the song like the seasons have all gone 但美酒与歌 像季节一样已全部逝去