南航专业英语复试

第一章机械工程材料Themechanicalengineeringmaterial晶体crystal非晶体noncrystal晶胞HYPERLINKstructurecell晶格常数latticeconstant晶格lattice（空间点阵spacelattice）金属键metallicbond体心立方晶格HYPERLINKbodycenteredcubiclattice面心立方晶格HYPERLINKfacecenteredcubiclattice密排六方晶格HYPERLINKclose-packedhexagonallattice致密度density配位数coordinationnumber晶面crystalface晶向HYPERLINKcrystalorientation各向异性anisotropy晶向指数indicesofcrystallographicdirection晶向族Crystaltothefamily晶面指数indicesoflatticeplane晶面族HYPERLINKfamilyofcrystalplanes多晶体HYPERLINKpolycrystal；HYPERLINKmulticrystal亚结构HYPERLINKmetastructure；HYPERLINKsubstructure；单晶体HYPERLINKmonocrystal；HYPERLINKmonocrystalline晶粒crystallinegrain；graincrystal；HYPERLINKgrain；crystalparticle点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect面缺陷HYPERLINKplanardefect；HYPERLINKplanedefect空位HYPERLINKvoid，vacancy间隙原子interstitialatom置换原子HYPERLINKsubstitutionalatom位错dislocation刃型位错edgedislocation螺旋位错screwdislocations晶界HYPERLINKcrystalboundary；HYPERLINKgrainboundary亚晶界subgrainboundary相界HYPERLINKphaseboundary；HYPERLINKphaseboundaries晶格畸变latticedeformation凝固solidification结晶HYPERLINKcrystallize；HYPERLINKcrystallization；HYPERLINKfruit过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsubcooling自由能freeenergy晶核crystalnucleus近程有序short-rangeorder长程有序longrangeorder枝晶HYPERLINKarborescentcrystal；HYPERLINKpine-treecrystal晶粒度grainsize变质处理modification附加振动additionalvibration金属铸锭metalingot细晶粒区Finegrainzone柱状晶粒区Thecolumnargrainzone等轴状晶粒区Theequiaxedgrainzone形核率HYPERLINKnucleationrateHYPERLINK长大速率growthrate第二章组元HYPERLINKconstituent合金HYPERLINKalloy相HYPERLINKphase固溶体HYPERLINKsolidsolution置换固溶体HYPERLINKsubstitutionalsolidsolutio间隙固溶体HYPERLINKinterstitialsolidsolution有限固溶体HYPERLINKlimitedsolidsolution无限固溶体Infinitesolidsolution固溶强化Solidsolutionstrengthening中间相Mesophase金属间化合物Intermetalliccompound合金系Alloysystem相图Phasediagram自由度Degreesoffreedom相律Phaserule匀晶相图Isomorphousphasediagram平衡结晶Equilibriumcrystallization二元相图Binaryphasediagram杠杆定律Leverage'slaw枝晶偏析Dendriticsegregation共晶合金Eutecticalloy呀共晶合金Hypoeutecticalloy伪共晶Pseudo–eutectic比重偏析Gravitysegregation质量分数Massfraction包晶相图Peritecticphasediagram二元系合金相图BinaryAlloyPhaseDiagram相图PhaseDiagramAnalysis共晶转变Eutectictransformation共析转变Eutectoidtransformation偏晶转变Monotectic熔晶转变Meltingcrystallinetransition包晶转变Peritectic包析转变Peritectoidtransition合晶转变Symplectitetransition第三章铁碳合金Iron-carbonalloy纯铁Pureiron渗碳体Cementite抗拉强度Tensilestrength屈服强度Yieldstrength伸长率Elongation断面收缩率Sectionshrinkage冲击韧度Impacttoughness硬度Hardness塑性Plastic韧性Toughness强度Strength间隙化合物Gapcompounds同素异构转变Allotropictransformation机械混合物Mechanicalmixture工业纯铁Industrialpureiron碳钢Carbonsteel共析钢Eutectoidsteel过共析钢Hypereutectoidsteel亚共析钢Hypoeutectoidsteel白口铸铁Whitecastiron共晶白口铸铁Eutecticwhitecastiron亚共晶白口Hypoeutecticwhitecastiron过共晶白口铸铁Hypereutecticwhitecastiron一次渗碳体Oncecementite二次渗碳体Secondarycementite三次渗碳体Threecementite魏氏体Widmanstatten低碳钢Lowcarbonsteel中碳钢Mediumcarbonsteel中高碳钢HighCarbonSteel高碳钢High-carbonsteel铸造casting锻造forging冲击载荷Impactload铸钢Caststeel牌号brand成分composition缩孔Shrinkagecavity缩松shrinkage弹性Theelastic耐磨性Resistancetowear锰manganese硅silicon硫sulfur磷phosphoru热脆hotshortness冷脆coldshortness氢脆HYPERLINKhydrogenbrittleness沸腾钢rimmingsteel镇静钢killedsteel半镇静钢Semi-killedsteel碳素结构钢structuralcarbonsteel碳素工具钢HYPERLINKplaincarbontoolsteel优质碳素结构钢improvedcarbonstructuralsteel第四章弹性变形Elasticdeformation塑性变形Plasticdeformation断裂Fracture应力Stress应变Strain弹性模量Elasticmodulus弹性极限Elasticlimit滑移Slippage滑移带Slipbands滑移线Slipline滑移系Slipsystems位错机制Dislocationmechanism纤维组织Fibroustissue加工硬化Workhardening织构Texture制耳Earing回复recovery再结晶Recrystallization晶粒长大graingrowth热加工Thermalprocessing冷加工Coldworking冷塑性HYPERLINKcoldplasticity热轧hotrolling流线streamline第五章钢的热处理Heattreatmentofthesteel热处理Heattreatment保温holding加热heating冷却cooling热处理强化Heattreatmenttostrengthen回火Tempering退火Annealing正火Normalizing淬火Quench表面热处理Surfaceheattreatment表面淬火Surfacehardening化学热处Chemicalheattreatment感应加热Inductionheating火焰加热Flameheating渗碳carburizing渗氮Nitriding碳氮共渗Carbonitriding过冷奥氏体undercooledaustenite索氏体Sorbite托氏体Troostite贝氏体Bainite马氏体Martensite上贝氏体Upperbainite下贝氏体Lowerbainite片状马氏体Platemartensite板条马氏体Lathmartensite均匀化退火Homogenizing完全退火fullannealing球化退火spheroidizingannealin去应力退火stressreliefannealing等温退火isothermalannealing网状组织networkstructure淬透性HYPERLINKhardenability淬硬性hardeningcapacity回火脆性temperbrittleness等温淬火isothermalquenching低温回火脆性HYPERLINKlowtemperaturetemperembrittlement高温回火脆性Hightemperaturetemperbrittleness第一/二类回火脆性typeⅠ/=2\*ROMANIItemperbrittleness第六章铬chromium镍nickel钼molybdenum钨tungsten钒vanadium钛titanium铌HYPERLINKniobium钴cobalt稀土元素rareearthelement(REE)合金铁素体Alloyferrite回火稳定性HYPERLINKtemperresistance二次硬化secondaryhardening低合金高强度钢high-strengthlowalloysteel易切削钢freemachiningsteel渗碳钢carburizingsteel渗氮钢nitridingsteel调质钢quenchedandtemperedsteel弹簧钢Springsteels滚动轴承钢rollingbearingsteel合金工具钢alloytoolsteel刃具钢HYPERLINKcutlerysteel碳素工具钢HYPERLINKcarbontoolsteel合金刃具钢Alloytoolsteel高速钢highspeedsteel模具钢diesteel冷作模具钢coldworkdiesteel热作模具钢hotworkdiesteel量具钢Measuringsteel特殊性能钢specialpropertysteel不锈钢HYPERLINKstainlesssteel铁素体型不锈钢ferriticstainlesssteel马氏体不锈钢martensiticstainlesssteel奥氏体不锈钢austeniticstainlesssteel固溶处理solutiontreatment稳定化处理stabilizingtreatment奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢ferrite-austeniteduplexstainlesssteel双相钢dual-phasesteel耐热钢heat-resistantsteel珠光体（马氏体/贝氏体/奥氏体）耐热钢Pearliticheatresistantsteel耐磨钢abrasion-resistantsteel硬质合金ementedcarbide第七章铸铁castiron石墨化graphitization石墨graphite灰铸铁HYPERLINKgreycastiron可锻铸铁malleablecastiron球墨铸铁nodularcastiron等温淬火isothermalquenching耐磨铸铁wearresistingcastiron耐热铸铁Heatresistantcastiron第八章工业纯铝commercialpurityaluminum防锈铝Antirustaluminum铸造铝合castaluminiumalloy硬铝合金hardaluminumalloys变形铝合金deformingaluminiumalloy锻铝forgingaluminiumalloy超硬铝合金superhardaluminumalloys固溶强化HYPERLINKsolutionstrengthening时效强化HYPERLINKageingstrengthening黄铜HYPERLINKbrass青铜HYPERLINKbronze第九章高分子材料polymermaterials单体monomer链节segment聚合度HYPERLINKdegreeofpolymerization官能度functionality主链HYPERLINKbackbone支链branch聚合物polymer陶瓷ceramics晶相crystalphase玻璃相glassphase气相gasphase硅酸盐silicate复合材料compositematerials玻璃纤维glassfiber碳纤维carbonfiber晶须whisker