unit 1 for class ppt

Read&ExploreUnit1 729478二班 729480一班*Read&Explore 登录批改网：www.pigai.org 2.查找作文号：712992(将搜索输入框的202079更换为712992) 3.提交作文Read&Explore 登录批改网：www.pigai.org 2.查找作文号：712992(将搜索输入框的202079更换为712992) 3.提交作文Read&Explore 1.甲烷2.二氧化碳3.恶化，加重4.增加5.工业废水6.穿过7.病原体8.剥夺，匮乏9.贬低，使分心10.由于，凭借 PartB.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishandthenmakeasentencewitheachofthem.PartA.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish. 1.摆姿势，造成2.是…的部分原因；有助于3.威胁，恐吓4.使成三倍5.棘手的，难以解决的6.一致，一致同意7.毁灭性的8.不利因素；债务；可能性； Read&Explore1.好交际的动物（生物）2.互相影响，互相作用3.能共处的，兼容的4.普及，流行，受大众欢迎5.人物，性格6.亲自，亲身7.机密的，获信任的8.批评9.限制10.参加 Sociablecreature interact compatible popularity character Inperson confidential criticize restriction participateBackRead&ExploreNewWords&Expressions1.methane2.carbondioxide3.aggravate4.augment5.effluent6.traverse7.pathogen8.deprivation9.detract10.byvirtueof 摆姿势，造成 是…的部分原因；有助于恶化，加重 威胁，恐吓 使成三倍 棘手的，难以解决的 一致，一致同意 毁灭性的 不利因素；债务；可能性；BackPartB.Read&ExploreNewWords&Expressions1.methane2.carbondioxide3.aggravate4.augment5.effluent6.traverse7.pathogen8.deprivation9.detract10.byvirtueof 摆姿势，造成 是…的部分原因；有助于恶化，加重 威胁，恐吓 使成三倍 棘手的，难以解决的 一致，一致同意 毁灭性的 不利因素；债务；可能性；BackPartB.Read&Explore 感谢您对iWrite2.0的关注与支持！为了给您带来完整的写作教学体验，特为您开通教师及学生体验账号各一个，详情如下： 学生账号：2677002505@qq.com-st，密码：dju9ns 点击此处登录体验：http://iwrite.unipus.cn 729478二班 729480一班Read&ExploreUnit1Read&ExploreUnit1Read&Explore Whatexactlyisafriendinreallife?Whatexactlyisafriendinsocialmedia?Read&ExploreLearningobjectivesp2 Uponcompletionofthisunit,youshouldbeableto: 1.Expandyourvocabularyofsocialmediaandfriendship. 2.Discusshowsocialmediaaffectourconceptsoffriendship. 3.Compareandcontrastface-to-facefriendswithon-linefriends. 4.Workoutbetterwaystomakingfriendsatcollege. 5.Makeamock模拟的debateonthetopic“Face-to-facefriendsarebetterthanonlinefriends”toenhanceyourargumentation论证；争论；辩论ability.Read&Explore Yourtransitionfromhighschooltocollegeinvolvesleavingfriendsbehindandfacingthechallengeofmakingnewfriendsinabrandnewplace. Nowworkinpairsanddiscussmakingfriendshere: WhatkindoffriendswillImakehere? ShouldImakefriendsthroughsocialmedia? HowmanyfriendswillImake? …Read&ExploreVocabularyaboutsocialmedia&friendship Friendship: brotherhood　 comradeship　 Withoutfriendship,societyisbutmeeting.(Bacon) mate(同性称呼语，常用于男性间)哥们;老兄;老弟;朋友,bro,sis,BFF（BestFriendForever）,besties好朋友,fella伙伴，伙计；小伙子,sweetie 爱人，情人;亲爱的;尤用作对自己年纪小的人的爱称 Whatdoyoumean,bro? 你是什么意思，兄弟？ Hi Sis, What aday ithasbeen today.  嗨，姐们，今天是多么不寻常的一天啊。 He’s my new BFF. Areyou with me, big fella?你懂我的意思吗；你跟上我讲的了吗 Sweetie, whathappenedto you? 没有友谊，社会只是相会。Read&Explore socialmedia: Socialmedia,distinctfromindustrialmedia,suchasnewspapers,television,andfilm,areprimarilyInternet-basedtoolsforsharinganddiscussinginformationamonghumanbeings. blog;blogger写博客的人；博客使用者,micro blog微博客,wiki维基, BBS电子布告栏（BulletinBoardSystem）论坛;内容社区 SNS ( Social Networking Services )社交网络e.g.豆瓣, WeMedia自媒体,又称"公民媒体"或"个人媒体"Read&ExploreViewingViewinginiExplore1p3 Makingfriendsinsocialmedia Overthepastdecade,socialmediahavebecomeapopularwaytoconnectandcommunicatewithfriends.Therearemanytoolsoutthereyoucanuse.Whichonedoyouprefer? Workinpairs.Describethefollowingpictures.Thentellyourpartnerwhichofthesocialmediayouhaveusedandhowmanyfriendsyouhavemade.*Read&ExploreCheckofpreviewRead&ExploreNewwords1.充斥的，泛滥的2.发展（计划、想等），培养（感情等）3.至关重要的4.结交（朋友），培养5.人物，性格6.阻挠，阻碍7.机密的，获信任的8.流行的，盛行的9.各自地，依次地10.调查 awash nurture crucial cultivate character thwart confidential prevailing respectively investigateBackRead&Explore Understandingthetext ❶Checkyourunderstandingofthetext.p7 Mainidea:Socialmedia_______________ Mainpoint1 Socialmediaarechangingtheway1)_______ Electronicstimulislowlyreplaces2)_________ Mainpoint2 “Friending”onlinenurtures__________ Conclusion Thewaytogaincloserelationship:_______________Read&Explore Understandingthetext ❶Checkyourunderstandingofthetext.p7 Mainidea:Socialmedia_______________ maketruefriendshipdieaway Mainpoint1 Socialmediaarechangingtheway1)_______ weconductrelationships Electronicstimulislowlyreplaces2)_________ thejoysofhumancontact Mainpoint2 “Friending”onlinenurtures__________ shallowrelationships Conclusion Thewaytogaincloserelationship:_______________ Putdownthedevice;engagetheperson.Read&Explore2Checkyourunderstandingofthetextbyansweringthefollowingquestions.p71)Whatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoeasilymakealotoffriends?2)WhatdoestheresearchmentionedinPara.4conclude?3)Whydoestheauthorsay“friending”onlinenurturesshallowrelationships?4)Whyarefriendssoimportantinourlifeaccordingtothetext?5)Whydoestheauthorthinkfriendshipstartswithchildhood?6)Whatistheparadoxmentionedattheendofthetext?Read&Explore1)Whatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoeasilymakealotoffriends? SocialmediasuchasTwitter,Facebook,LinkedIn,etc.2)WhatdoestheresearchmentionedinPara.4conclude? Peoplehavefewclosefriendsandarefacingadriftawayfromtheirclosefriends,andmainlythepressuresofurbanlifeshouldbeblamedforthat.3)Whydoestheauthorsay“friending”onlinenurturesshallowrelationships?(Para.6) Becausethequalityoftheconnectiononlineisnothigh.Aconnectiononlinemayonlybeaclickaway,butcultivatingagoodfriendshiptakesmore. Read&Explore4)Whyarefriendssoimportantinourlifeaccordingtothetext?(Para.7) Becausewearesocialanimals.Ourlifewouldbefundamentallylackingwithoutgoodfriends.5)Whydoestheauthorthinkfriendshipstartswithchildhood? Becausepeoplelearntomakefriendsintheirformativeyearsaschildren.Childrencangettoknowothersforwhotheyareinthemselveswhentheyhangoutinunstructuredtime.6)Whatistheparadoxmentionedattheendofthetext? Wearelivinginanageofinstantsocialconnectivitywhilewestillhaveagrowingneedtobemoredeeplyconnected.Read&Explore MoredetailedQs 1WhichofthefollowingscholarshasbeenquotedinTextA? AAristotleBSocratesCConfuciusDMencius 2Closefriendsshare______together,asisquotedinTextA. AwineBsaltCthoughtDtears 3Tensions紧张arerunninghighinthiswar-stricken饱受战争之苦的area,whichisa______withguns. 4Ourhappinesswassoone______bythebadnews. 5Hungryforthecomfortingfood爽心美食yougrewupwith?Thankstosomeonlineretailers零售商,yourfavoriteregional地区的flavorsmaybejusta______away.Read&ExploreIstruefriendshipdyingaway?1Toanyonepayingattentionthesedays,it'sclearthatsocialmedia—whetherTwitter,Facebook,LinkedInoranyofthecountlessothermodern-daywatercoolers—arechangingthewaywelive.watercooler:1)amachinefromwhichpeoplegetcolddrinkingwater,especiallyinanoffice.(尤指办公室里的)饮水机2) theinformalconversationsintheofficeorworkplace.办公室;工作场所;用于表述在办公地点的闲聊3)theplacewhereofficeworkerscometofetchcoldwaterduringofficehoursandtalkgossip.上班期间办公室人员取水并闲聊的地方Whichmeaningdoyouchooseforthesentence?Translation?Read&ExploreTranslation: 1Toanyonepayingattentionthesedays,it'sclearthatsocialmedia—whetherTwitter,Facebook,LinkedInoranyofthecountlessothermodern-daywatercoolers—arechangingthewaywelive. 近来，不管是推特网、脸谱网、领英网还是现代办公室里的无数闲聊，社交媒体正在改变着我们的生活方式，对于有心人而言，这一点显而易见。 今天任何留意的人都可以清楚看到，社交媒体——不管是推特网、脸谱网、领英网，还是现代办公室用于聊天的无数媒体中的任何一种——正在改变着我们的生活方式。Read&Explore 2Indeed,wemightfeelasifwearesuddenlyawashinfriends.Yetrightbeforeoureyes,we'realsochangingthewayweconductrelationships.Face-to-facechattingisgivingwaytotextingandmessaging;peopleevenprefertheseelectronicexchangesto,forinstance,simplytalkingonaphone.SmallercirclesoffriendsarebeingpartiallyeclipsedbyFacebookacquaintancesroutinelynumberedinthehundreds.Amidthesesmallertrends,growingresearchsuggestswecouldbeenteringaperiodofcrisisfortheentireconceptoffriendship.Whereisallthisleadingmodern-daysociety?Perhapstoadarkplace,onewhereelectronicstimulislowlyreplacethejoysofhumancontact.Mainidea?Read&Explore 3Awarenessofapossibleproblemtookoffjustastheonlineworldwasemerging.SociologistRobertPutnampublishedthebookBowlingAlone,asurveyofthedepletinglevelsof"socialcapital"incommunities,fromchurchestobowlingalleys.保龄球场ThepatternhasbeenreplicatedelsewhereintheWesternworld.IntheUnitedKingdom,theMentalHealthFoundationjustpublishedTheLonelySociety,whichnotesthatabouthalfofBritsbelievethey'relivingin,well,aloneliersociety.Oneinthreewouldliketoliveclosertotheirfamilies,thoughsocialtrendsareforcingthemtolivefartherapart.Read&Explore 4Typically,thepressuresofurbanlifeareblamed:InLondon,anotherpollhadtwo-fifthsofrespondentsreportingthattheyfaceaprevailingdriftawayfromtheirclosestfriends.Witnesscrowdedbarsandrestaurantsafterwork:Wehaveplentyofacquaintances,thoughperhapsfewindividualswecanturntoandsharedeepintimacies.Americansociologistshavetrackedrelatedtrendsonabroaderscale,wellbeyondtheurbanjungle.AccordingtoworkpublishedintheAmericanSociologicalReview,theaverageAmericanhasonlytwoclosefriends,andaquarterdon'thaveany.Read&ExploreShallowfriendships 5Itshouldbenotedthatothersocialscientistscontesttheseconclusions.HuaWangandBarryWellman,oftheuniversitiesofSouthernCaliforniaandTorontorespectively,referto"somepanicintheUnitedStatesaboutapossibledeclineinsocialconnectivity."Butnoticetheirlanguage:"socialconnectivity."Thatisnotthesameasintimatefriendship.Whilesocialnetworkingsitesandthelikehavegrownexponentially,theelementthatiscrucial,andhardertoinvestigate,isthequalityoftheconnectionstheynurture.Read&Explore 6Yetweknowthatlessismorewhenitcomestodeeperrelationships.Itislonelyinthecrowd.Aconnectionmayonlybeaclickaway,butcultivatingagoodfriendshiptakesmore.Itseemscommonsensetoconcludethat"friending"onlinenurturesshallowrelationships—astheneologism[nɪ'ɒlədʒɪz(ə)m]"friending"itselfimplies. Ittakescouragetosaywhatyouthink. neo-biological era? neo-Darwinism;dialogue,monologue,prologue,Whenitcomestotheissueof“naturevs.nurture,”itisstillhardtodecidewhichoneismorecrucial.Read&Explore 7Itisstrikingthatlonelinessshouldberegardedasamentalhealthissue,andthatseemsright.AtleastsincetheancientGreeks,ithasbeenrecognizedinourpoliticalphilosophiesthatwearesocialanimals.Aristotlewasjustonethinkertoremarkthatanindividualcouldhaveeverythingthatlifecanoffer—career,familyandmoney—butifapersondidn'thaveagoodfriend,hisorherlifewouldbefundamentallylacking.Asocietythatthwartsopportunitiesfordeepersociality,therefore,stymies ['staimi]well-being.Read&Explore 8Nosinglepersonisatfault,ofcourse.Thepressuresonfriendshiptodayarebroad.Theyarisefromthedemandsofwork,say,orageneralbusynessthatmeanswehavelessqualitytimeforothers.Howmanyindividualswouldsaythatfriendshipisthemostimportantthingintheirlives,onlytomovethousandsofmilesacrossthecontinenttotakeupabetter-paidjob?Read&Explore Itstartswithchildhood  9Ofcourse,welearnhowtomakefriends—ornot—inourmostformativeyears,aschildren.Recentstudiesonchildhood,andhowthecontemporarylifeofthechildaffectsfriendships,areilluminating.Again,thegeneralmoodisoneofconcern,andacentralconclusionoftenreachedrelatestoalackofwhatiscalled"unstructuredtime."Read&Explore 10Structuredtimeresultsfromthewayanaveragedayisparceledupforourkids—timeforschool,timeforhomework,timeformusicpractice,eventimeforplay.Yettoooftentoday,noperiodisleftunstructured.Afterall,whothesedaysletshischildjustwanderoffdownthestreet?Butthatispreciselythekindoffallowtimesovitalfordeeperfriendships.It'sthenthatwesimply"hangout,"withnotasks,nodeadlinesandnopressures.Itisinthosemomentsthatchildrenandadultsalikecangettoknowothersforwhotheyareinthemselves. knowsbas/forsth把......看作是；认为......是 Inoneself本质上 从本质上认识交往的人是谁Read&Explore 11Ifthereisasecrettoclosefriendship,that'sit.Putdownthedevice;engagetheperson. 12Aristotlehadanattractiveexpressiontocapturethethought:closefriends,heobserved,"sharesalttogether."It'snotjustthattheysittogether,passingthesaltacrossthemealtable.It'sthattheysitwithoneanotheracrossthecourseoftheirlives,sharingitssavor—itsmoments,bitterandsweet."Thedesireforfriendshipcomesquickly;friendshipdoesnot,"Aristotlealsoremarked.It'sakeyinsightforanageofinstantsocialconnectivity,thoughoneinwhichweparadoxicallyhaveanapparentlygrowingneedtobemoredeeplyconnected.Read&Explore Hisangerdiedaway. 他的怒气逐渐平息下来了。 笑声渐渐消失了。dieaway—becomelessinamountorintensity减弱，消失；渐熄；风，声音渐弱，渐息；（树木等）渐渐凋零，枯萎（根未死） Thelaughterdiedaway.Read&Exploreit'sclearthat—Examples1)Itisobvious/evident/clear/apparent（很显然）that thesituationiscauseddirectlybyexcessive过度的commercialfishing.商业捕捞2)Itisunderstandable(inevitable)that people’sattitudesaredifferentonthisissue.（可以理解/不可避免的是）3)Itisunimaginable(incredible/unbelievable)that suchaboyof17shouldhavehadthreenovelspublished.（难以置信的ExamplesLoveless无爱的Endless无尽的Colorless暗淡的Prideless不骄傲的Hopeless没有希望的Homeless无家可归的Helpless无助的Useless没用的Thoughtless欠考虑的Guitless无罪的Faithless没有信仰的Senseless无意义的;愚蠢的；无知觉的restless不安的shirtless赤膊的topless,Nameless不可名状的，难以形容的；匿名的Voiceless无声的countless—lessRead&Exploreawasha.—coveredwithwater被浪冲打的；与水面齐平的a-是一个前缀，用来构成一般用作表语的形容词或是副词，表示“处于…情况”或是“呈现…状态”。类似的词还有afire,asleep等。Examples Themonsoon季风leftthewholeplaceawash. 浴室地板浸在水中。Thebathroomfloorwasawash.Ifaplaceis awash with something,itcontainsalargeamountofit.有大量…的,充斥的 这是一家有大量现金的公司。Examples Thisisacompanythatisawashwithcash.Read&Exploreconductv.—Whatcanyouconduct?Examples Youcannotconductbusinesslikethis. Whois conducting theorchestra管弦乐队tonight? Theyconductedthemselveswellduringthesedifficulttimes Mostmetalscan conduct electricity.1directthecourseof;manageorcontrol2leadmusiciansintheperformanceof3behaveinacertainmanner4transmit 传输；传播Read&Exploregivewayto—让位于,对…让步,给…让路,向…妥协Examples Insomecountries,driversgivewaytotrafficcominginontheright. Mrs.Jonesdidn't givewayto fearsduringtheflood. Theparkgavewaytoasupermarket.Read&Exploreeclipse[ɪ'klɪps]v.n.—onecelestial[sɪ'lestɪəl]bodyobscuresanother—exceedinimportance;outweigh 日蚀，月蚀；黯然失色ExamplesTheeartheclipsedthemoontoday.Ourhappinesswassoon eclipsed bytheterriblenews.我们的快乐没多久就被可怕的消息蒙上了一层阴影。Paraphrase:SmallercirclesoffriendsarebeingpartiallyeclipsedbyFacebookacquaintancesroutinelynumberedinthehundreds.脸谱网上的熟人动辄数百人，相比之下，部分地盖过了现实生活中规模较小的朋友圈势头。.YourFacebookacquaintancesusuallyadduptohundreds.Incontrast,thenumberofyourface-to-facefriendsismuchsmaller.Translation：Read&Exploretakeofftostartortostartspreading开始；开始流行ExamplesThedesignfirsttookoffinAmericancolleges.emerge:vi.tobegintobeknownornoticed开始为人所知；兴起ExamplesSeveralimportantfactsemergedafteralengthyinvestigation.Paraphrase:Peoplerealizeasearlyastheappearanceoftheonlineworldthatsomeproblemsmightoccur..Read&Exploresocialcapitaln.— thenetworkofsocialconnectionsthatexistbetweenpeople,andtheirsharedvaluesandnormsofbehaviour,whichenableandencouragemutuallyadvantageoussocialcooperation社会资本ExamplesWill the contest build our social capital with our network or expend it? 用我们的网络进行比赛会建立还是消耗社会资本.Read&ExploreReplicaten.;v.;adj.____reproduceormakeanexactcopyof复制repeat Heinvitedhertohislaboratorytoseeifshecouldreplicatetheexperiment.他邀请她到他的实验室看她能否复制该实验。Translate:除DNA外，什么东西也没有自我复制的能力。Nothing has the capacity to replicate itself except DNA.  Plic=fold折,重叠re=againate动词后缀duplicatecreate,calculate,translate,circulate,coordinate,communicate,generate,stimulate,accumulate,liberate,operate,cooperate,illustrate,associate,educate,evaluate,regulate,decorate,nominate,dictate,cultivate,participate,differentiate,Read&Explorenotev.1.makementionof提到，提及Theynotedthatitwasafinedaytogosailing同义词： observe   /   mention   /   remark2.noticeorperceive注意Shenotedthatsomeonewasfollowingher同义词： notice   /   mark3.makeawrittennoteofshenotedeverythingtheteachersaidthatmorning同义词： takedownWhichmeaningisusedinthissentence?Read&Exploreprevailing:a.—existingoracceptedinaparticularplaceorataparticulartime,mostfrequentorcommon流行的；盛行的Examples She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。 Greenenergygrowthisnowtheprevailingeconomicmodelofourtime.prevailingwinds[气象]盛行风同义词： predominantTheprevailingopinion普遍的意见wasthatatradewarcouldbeavoidedThissentencecanbeparaphrased:AccordingtoanotherpollconductedinLondon,40%participantsfeelthattheyhavetofollowthesocialtrendandasaresult,graduallymovedfartherandfartherawayfromtheirclosestfriends.Read&Exploreintimacyn.亲密；亲昵行为；隐私;性行为1.closeorwarmfriendship同义词： familiarity   /   closeness2.ausuallysecretiveorillicitsexualrelationship3.afeelingofbeingintimateandbelongingtogether同义词： closenessExamplesIfyouplantopenness,youwillreapintimacy .如果你种下坦率,你就会收获亲密。Herefusedtotellittomeexceptinthe intimacy ofhisroom.除非避开众人耳目在他房间里私下谈,否则他不肯把这件事告诉我intimateadj.亲密的；私人的；有性关系的Read&Exploreonabroaderscaleonalarge(small,grand,etc.)scale:toarelativelylarge(small,grand,etc.)degreeorextent大（小、宏大等）规模onalargescale 大规模的businessonalargescale 大规模的生意BuildingonaLargeScale 大规模的建筑ona small/broad/full scaleonascaleofzerototenontheRichterscale里氏震级Paraphrase ?Americansociologistshavefollowedandinvestigatedtheprogressofrelatedsocialtrendsindifferentareasfarawayfromcities.。几位美国社会学家追踪调查了远离都市的更广范围内的相关现象。Read&Explorerespectivelyintheordergiven近义词adv.分别地；各自地，独自 Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively. 他们的儿子们分别是3岁和6岁。 ThebrotherswerecalledFelixandMax,respectively 来自南加州大学的王华和来自多伦多大学的巴里·韦尔曼两位社会学家就提到“一些美国民众对社会联系性可能降低而感到恐慌”Read&Explore1)exponentially:ad.—increasingorgrowingveryfast增长迅猛地；呈几何级数增长地Exponent:指数Examples Electroniccommercehasbecomearealityandisexpectedtogrow exponentially. 电子商业已成为事实，并预料会 迅猛增长 Inflation通胀isgrowing exponentially.2)crucial:a.extremelyimportant,becauseeverythingelsedependsonit至关重要的；关键性的Itiscrucialthattheinvestigationiscontinueduntilmorefactsemerge.nurture:helpdevelop,helpgrow养育；培植nurturehistalents尽管社交媒体网站或类似的社交媒体增长迅猛，这些媒体所滋生的人际关系的质量如何则是关键性的因素，同时也是更难展开调查的因素。Read&ExploreParaphrase ?investigate:vt.totrytofindoutthetruthaboutsomething查明，调查，侦查Ittookusseveralmonthstoinvestigatetherealcauseoftheaircrash.nurture:vt.helpdevelop,helpgrow发展（计划、想法等）；培养（感情等）;bringup同义词： rear   /   raise   /   bringup   /   parentItiseasytonurtureinstantconnectionsbutmuchhardertocultivaterealfriendshipinthevirtualworld.natureandnurture?Paraphrases:Despitethefactthatthenumberofsocialmediawebsitesandothersimilarserviceprovidershasbeenskyrocketing,itisthequalityoftheonlinerelationshipthatmattersgreatlyanddemandsmoreefforttoevaluate..Read&Exploreshould—outofexpectation竟然Examples Itisagreatpity/shame/thatheshouldbesoconceited. Ican'tbelievemyeyes.Thereshouldbesuchamodernschoolinsosmallatown.fundamental—beingorinvolvingbasicfactsorprinciples坚持四项基本原则？upholdingthefourfundamentalprinciplesOurconstitutionembodiesallthefundamentalprinciplesofdemocracy.我们的宪法体现了民主的所有基本原则。Read&Explorethwart—preventsbfromdoingorgettingwhathewants.阻挠;挫败ExamplesThesecurityforcesweredoingalltheycouldtothwartterrorists.安全部队正尽其所能挫败恐怖分子。我认为那不会使我们的目的受到挫折。 Ourholidayplanhasbeenstymiedbytheaccident.Idon'tthinkthatwill thwart ourpurposes.stymy—topreventsomeonefromdoingwhattheyhaveplannedorwanttodo阻碍；妨碍；使不能实施Read&ExploreNo singleExamples1.No single product offers all of these services. 没有任何一个产品提供所有这些服务。2.No single technique we used thenwas used today.  我们那时用的技术没有一个现在还在用。Qualitytime timespentwithclose