初中英语动词变过去式和过去分词记忆法
动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词
规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work----worked----worked
2.结尾是e加d,如:use----used-----used
3.以重读闭音节结尾的词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如: stop--stopped-- stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied-- studied
不规则动词动词过去式和过去分词变化规律如下:
一、AAA型(原形→原形→原形)
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
read
read
read
读
cut
cut
cut
切,割
let
let
let
让
put
put
put
放
cost
cost
cost
花费,值
hit
hit
hit
撞,击
set
set
set
安排,安置
hurt
hurt
hurt
使…伤痛
二、ABA型(原形→过去式→原形)
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
become
became
become
成为
come
came
come
来
run
ran
run
跑
三、ABC型
1. ow →ew →own
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
blow
blew
blown
吹
draw
drew
drawn
画
grow
grew
grown
生长
know
knew
known
知道
fly
flew
flown
飞
2. i→a →u
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
begin
began
begun
开始
drink
drank
drunk
喝
sing
sang
sung
唱
swim
swam
swum
游泳
ring
rang
rung
打电话
3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
wear
wore
worn
穿
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘记
speak
spoke
spoken
说
freeze
froze
frozen
冻
choose
chose
chosen
选择
4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
eat
ate
eaten
吃
forbid
forbade
forbidden
禁止
give
gave
given
给
ride
rode
ridden
骑
see
saw
seen
看见
write
wrote
written
写
fall
fell
fallen
落下
5. 无规律
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
am/is
was
been
是
are
were
been
是
do
did
done
做
go
went
gone
走
take
took
taken
拿
四、ABB型
1. 原形→ought →ought
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
bring
brought
brought
带来
buy
bought
bought
买
fight
fought
fought
打架
think
thought
thought
思考
2. 原形→aught →aught
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
catch
caught
caught
捉,抓
teach
taught
taught
教
3. 变其中一个元音字母
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
feed
fed
fed
喂
meet
met
met
遇见
get
got
got
得到
hold
held
held
拥有
babysit
babysat
babysat
临时照看
sit
sat
sat
坐
win
won
won
赢
find
found
found
发现
4. 原形→□lt→□lt
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
feel
felt
felt
感到
keep
kept
kept
保持
leave
left
left
离开
sleep
slept
slept
睡
sweep
swept
swept
扫
5. 变其中一个辅音字母
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
build
built
built
建造
hear
heard
heard
听见
make
made
made
制造
mean
meant
meant
意思
send
sent
sent
送,寄
spend
spent
spent
花费
deal
dealt
dealt
处理
6.辅音字母和元音字母都变
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
have
had
had
有,吃
lay
lain
lain
放
lose
lost
lost
丢失
pay
paid
paid
付钱
say
said
said
说
sell
sold
sold
卖
tell
told
told
告诉
stand
stood
stood
站
五、AAB型
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
beat
beat
beaten
打败
六、情态动词
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
can
could
∕
能
may
might
∕
也许
must
∕
∕
必须
shall
should
∕
将要
will
would
∕
会
七、有两种形式
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
bear
bore
born
生
bore
borne
hang
hanged
hanged
吊死
hung
hung
挂
learn
learned
learned
学
learnt
learnt
lie
lied
lied
说谎
lay
lain
躺
show
showed
showed
给…看
showed
shown
spell
spelled
spelled
拼写
spelt
spelt
burn
burned
burned
烧
burnt
burnt
smell
smelled
smelled
闻
smelt
smelt
shine
shined
shined
照耀
shone
shone
dream
dreamed
dreamed
做梦
dreamt
dreamt
wake
waked
waked
醒
woke
woken
hide
hid
hid
躲藏
hid
hidden
常见动词的过去式,过去分词
Sell ______ _______ have/has _____ ______ bring ______ _______
Tell______ _______ buy ______ _______ take ______ _______
Keep______ _______ pay ______ _______ teach______ _______
Sit _______ _______ drive______ ________ drink______ _______
Speak_______ _______ build_______ ________ leave______ _______
Find _______ _______ write_______ ________ do _______ _______
Make______ ________ lend _______ ________ sing _______ _______
Held________ _________ come_______ _______ become______ ______
Draw________ ________ spend_______ _______ say ______ ________
Cost________ ________ learn _______ _______ go _______ ________
Feel ________ ________ eat _________ _______ read ______ _______
Meet________ ________ get_________ ________ forget_______ _______
Give________ ________ mean _______ ________ strike_______ _______
Lie _______ ________ bite _______ ________ beat _______ ________
Sing ________ ________ see ________ ________ hear _______ ________
Begin _______ _________ stand_______ ________ think _______ ________
Sleep _______ _________ wake ________ _______ fall _________ ________
Steal _______ ________ catch ________ _______ throw_______ _________
一般现在时
公式:主语+am/is/are+、、、
主语+do/does+、、、
一、 一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are/动词原形
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常和时间状语连用。
标志性词语:every…, sometimes , usually, often , always ,once a day/week/ month,,,,,
E.g. We often wakes up at 7 every morning.
标志性词语:every…, sometimes , usually, often , always ,once a day/week/ month,,,,,
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
E.g. The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 现在时刻的状态和特长。
E.g. I am a student.
He is good at speaking English.
4)
示格言或警句中。
E.g. Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
( 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.)
牛刀小试:
一填空题。
1、 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2、 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3、Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
4、The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5、Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6、Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7、______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8、Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
二、选择题
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B.doesn't rain C. won't rain
2. There _____ an English film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be
3. The picture _______ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay
5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come
7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take
8. I saw her ____ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters
9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time.
A. to come B. coming C. come D. comes
10. John is always ______ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help
二、 一般过去时:
公式:主语+v-ed+,,,,
概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态;
过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格 标志词:Ago(two hours ago(一段时间+ago);yesterday(句子开头或结尾);the day before yesterday(前天); last week(上周);once upon a time(曾经);last year/night/month; just now; at the age of; one day; and so on; this morning; long long ago.
E.g. My mother was doctor long long ago.
I did my homework last night.
牛刀小试:
一、改错题
1.How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2.He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4.I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5. Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6. Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7. I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8. He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9. Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
二、填空题
1. Father bought me a new bike. (同义句)
Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.
2. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑问句)
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
3. He’s cleaning his rooms. (划线提问)________ he _______?
4. Why not go out for a walk? (同义句)
_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. (否定句)
Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.
6. My family went to the beach last week. (划线提问)
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
7. I didn’t have any friends. (一般疑问句)
________ _______ have _______ friends?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. (否定句)____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. (否定句)
Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. (划线提问)
_______ _______ he _______ ________?
习题
:
一:1.is--was 2.go--went 3.goes--went 4.can--could 5.saw--see 6.watch--watching 7.didn't 后加上 do
8.waited 9.find—found
二: 1.a new bike to 2.did read 3.What's doing 4.Why don't you 5.didn't spend 6.Where were my going
三、 现在进行时:
公式:主语+be(am/are/is)+v-ing
概念:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作及行为。
标志词: now现在、look看、listen听、
at this moment 此时此刻等
E.g. I am studying now. 我正在学习。
Look,someone is sleeping in the class.某人正在课堂上睡觉。
一、选择填空。
1. Some are _________ in the river and some are _________ games.
A. swiming, playing B. swimming, plaiingC. swimming, playing D. swimming, plaing
2. Look! The boy students are ___ football while the girls are ________.
A. playing, dance B. playing, dancingC. play, dancing D. play, dance
3. He_____ to do his lessons at fight every evening
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
4. ________ he _________ on well with his friends this term?
A. Dose, gets B. Dose, get C. is, getting D. Is, geting
5. Mr. Smith ______ short stories, but he ______ a TV play these days.
A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes
( ) 6. I _______ to the cinema. I _________ there every Sunday.
A. go. go B. am going, go C. go. am going D. am going, am going
7. Look. they _________ a good time, _________ they?
A. have, do B. have, don't C. are having, are D. are having, aren't
8. You ________about the future (将来) now, ________you?
A. don't think, don't B. aren't thinking, aren't
C. don't think, do D. aren't thinking, are
二、现在进行时:表示现在进行的动作句子结构:be+动词ing
时间状语:now, look, listen,It’s …o’clck,
1. What are you _________(do) now? I _________(eat) bread.
2. It’s nine o’clock. My father_________(work) in the office.
3. Look, the boy____________(put) the rubbish into the bin.
4. ________he______(clean) the classroom? No, he isn’t. He__________(play).
5. Where is Mak? He_________(run) on the grass.
6. Listen, who_________(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_______(sing) there.
答案:一、CBCCCBDC 二、1、 doing am eating 2、 is working 3、is putting 4、Is cleaning. is playing 5、 is running 6、 is singing is singing
四、 过去进行时:
公式:主语+was/were + 现在分词+、、、;
概念:表示那时那刻正在进行的行为或动作。
E.g. We were reading when the teacher came in this morning. 老师进来的时候,我们正在看
We were playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.
2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
二、 选择题
1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.
a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang
c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang
2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try
3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing
c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard
4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching
5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw
c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing
五、一般将来时
公式:主语+ shall/ will +动词原形;be going to +动词原形
注:shall只用于I we;will任何人称都可以用,包括I、 we
E.g.肯定句:
I shall go shopping tomorrow.
They will come here next week.
否定句:
I shall not go shopping tomorrow.
They won't come here next week.
注:won't =will not
一般疑问句:
Shall we go shopping tomorrow?
Will they come here tomorrow?
· be going to +动词原形
表示就要、即将、打算(做什么)或就要发生的事(发生的可能性比will大)
eg:The sky becomes dark,it's going to rain.天变黑了,快要下雨了
I am going to go shopping. 我今晚打算去购物.
PS: 在时间状语和条件状语从句中:从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时
when/as soon as +句子(时间状语从句)
as soon as / if +句子(条件状语从句)
eg:When he comes ,I will tell him about it.
We shall have class if they come.
中考链接:
1. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party,
A. wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear
2.—I don’t know if Aunt Li these “stay-home children tomorrow morning.
— If I her, I would come earlier.
A. will come to take care of; am B. come to look after; were
C. will come to take care of; were D. comes to come up with; am
3. – I don’t know if Mr. Li ____ to the party this evening.
-- I think he will come if he ____ free.
A. will come; is B. will come; will be C. comes; is D. comes; will be
4. Chen Guangbiao says he _______ all his money to charities when he dies.
A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. would leave
5.—Mom, when can I go out to play football?
—Finish your homework first, or I ________let you go out.
A. don't B. didn't C. won't D. haven't
6. If there is any change to the plan, I ______ you as soon as possible.
A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell
7. —Look at the noisy kids!
—Haven’t you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice ______?”
A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play
8. We are glad to hear that the Greens _____ to a new flat next week.
A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved
六:过去将来时:
公式:主语+ would/should + do. was/were/going to + do;
概念:表示时间过去,动作未发生。
标志词:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
eg:Xiao Qiang said he would go swimming next week.
小强说他下周要去游泳。
The said we should have class tomorrow. 郭老师说我们明天要上课
· was/were going to +动词原形
表示过去计划好、打算好干什么(发生的可能性很大)
eg:Miss Guo told us we were going to learn another tense.
郭老师告诉我们,我们准备学另一个时态
Ps:在时间状语和条件状语从句中:主句用一般过去时,从句用过去将来时。
eg:You asked me if we would have class tomorrow just now.
你刚刚问我明天是否要上课
I. 选择填空
1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come
C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent
C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter?
—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come B. is coming
C. will come D. was coming
5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.
A. took B. would take
C. takes D. will take
6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow B. were going to grow
C. will grow D. have grown
7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going B. will go
C. was about to go D. is to go
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
Key:
I. 1-7 CDDDBBC
II. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help
七、现在完成时
公式:主语 + have/has + V-ed
用法:
1、表示动作已经完成(含“已经”;对现在或将来有影响)
eg:肯定:I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。
否定:I have not finished myhomework yet.我还没完成我的作业。
疑问:Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成作业了吗?
2、从过去的某时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要延续下去
eg:I have lived in Lei since 2000.我自从2000年开始就在雷州住了.
She has lived here for 13 years. 她已经在这里住了13年.
ps:since+时间点; “自从、、”; for+时间段
3、到某地去
have/has + been : 去了已经回来了
have/has + gone ; 去了还没回来了
eg:I have been to Xihu. 我已经去过东湖公园了.
Xiao Qiang has gone to Xihu.小强已经去东湖公园了.
1. - You are leaving your schoo1. How do you like _____ it?
- Very much, of course. I _____ this school since I moved here.
A. came to B. have gone to
C. have been at D. have been to
2. She ought to stop _____, she has a headache because she _____ too long.
A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read
C. working, has read D. working, read
3. - Why is your brother's English so good?
- Because he _____ New York for six years.
A. has come to B. has been in
C. has gone to D. has been to
4. - Where's Sam?
- He _____ for France.
A. had left B. has left
C. left D. will leave
5. - Do you want to see the film "Harry Potter II"?
- The film "Harry Potter II"? I _____ it. It's really wonderful.
A. see B. have seen
C. was seeing D. had seen
6. - Will you watch the World Cup match this year?
- No, but I _____ several World Cup matches since 1 was a small child.
A. had seen B. see
C. was seeing D. have seen
7. - 1 want to return the book to Jack, but I can't find him.
- He_____ the library. You can find him there.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has left D. went to
8. Sam _____ his homework yet, so he won't go out with his classmates.
A. finishes B. hasn't finished
C. has finished D. don't finish
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B
6.D 7.B 8.B
八、 过去完成时:
公式:主语+had+过去分词
概念:过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去;即过去的过去。
eg:When I arrived at school,the other boys had already sat here.
当我到达学校的时候,其他男生已经坐在这了
By the end of this morning,we had already learned six tense.
到今天早上为止我们已经学了六个时态
牛刀小试:
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
二.句型转换
1.I had sold the ticket when she came.(改否定句)
2.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. (改一般疑问)
3..He had broken his arm when I saw him.(对划线部分提问)
4.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用过去完成时连接两句)
三、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has; been sent B had; sent C has; sent D had; been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch, so she was very hungry.
A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had
4 By the end of 1976, many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to sc