EN12680-3 -2012 en

Dansk standard DS/EN 12680-3 2. udgave 2012-01-16 Støbning – Ultralydsprøvning – Del 3: Støbegods af SG-jern Founding – Ultrasonic testing – Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S DS-publikationstyper Dansk Standard udgiver forskellige publikationstyper. Typen på denne publikation fremgår af forsiden. Der kan være tale om: Dansk standard • standard, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, eller som er baseret på et andet lands nationale standard, eller • standard, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som har fået status som dansk standard DS-information • publikation, der er udarbejdet på nationalt niveau, og som ikke har opnået status som standard, eller • publikation, der er udarbejdet på internationalt og/eller europæisk niveau, og som ikke har fået status som standard, fx en teknisk rapport, eller • europæisk præstandard DS-håndbog • samling af standarder, eventuelt suppleret med informativt materiale DS-hæfte • publikation med informativt materiale Til disse publikationstyper kan endvidere udgives • tillæg og rettelsesblade DS-publikationsform Publikationstyperne udgives i forskellig form som henholdsvis • fuldtekstpublikation (publikationen er trykt i sin helhed) • godkendelsesblad (publikationen leveres i kopi med et trykt DS-omslag) • elektronisk (publikationen leveres på et elektronisk medie) DS-betegnelse Alle DS-publikationers betegnelse begynder med DS efterfulgt af et eller flere præfikser og et nr., fx DS 383, DS/EN 5414 osv. Hvis der efter nr. er angivet et A eller Cor, betyder det, enten at det er et tillæg eller et rettelsesblad til hovedstandarden, eller at det er indført i hovedstandarden. DS-betegnelse angives på forsiden. Overensstemmelse med anden publikation: Overensstemmelse kan enten være IDT, EQV, NEQ eller MOD • IDT: Når publikationen er identisk med en given publikation. • EQV: Når publikationen teknisk er i overensstemmelse med en given publikation, men præsentationen er ændret. • NEQ: Når publikationen teknisk eller præsentationsmæssigt ikke er i overensstemmelse med en given standard, men udarbejdet på baggrund af denne. • MOD: Når publikationen er modificeret i forhold til en given publikation. DS/EN 12680-3 København DS projekt: M247463 ICS: 77.040.20 Første del af denne publikations betegnelse er: DS/EN, hvilket betyder, at det er en europæisk standard, der har status som dansk standard. Denne publikations overensstemmelse er: IDT med: EN 12680-3:2011. DS-publikationen er på engelsk. Denne publikation erstatter: DS/EN 12680-3:2003. CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 12680-3 November 2011 ICS 77.040.20 Supersedes EN 12680-3:2003 English Version Founding - Ultrasonic testing - Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings Fonderie - Contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 3: Pièces moulées en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal Gießereiwesen - Ultraschallprüfung - Teil 3: Gussstücke aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 October 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12680-3:2011: E CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3� 1� Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4� 2� Normative references ............................................................................................................................4� 3� Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4� 4� Requirements .........................................................................................................................................5� 4.1� Order information ..................................................................................................................................5� 4.2� Extent of testing .....................................................................................................................................5� 4.3� Maximum permissible size of discontinuities ....................................................................................5� 4.4� Personnel qualification .........................................................................................................................5� 4.5� Wall section zones .................................................................................................................................5� 5� Testing ....................................................................................................................................................6� 5.1� Principles ................................................................................................................................................6� 5.2� Material ...................................................................................................................................................6� 5.3� Equipment, coupling medium, time base range and sensitivity setting ..........................................6� 5.4� Preparation of casting surfaces for testing ........................................................................................9� 5.5� Test procedure .......................................................................................................................................9� 5.6� Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 11� Annex A (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition .................................................................................................................................. 21� Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 22� CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12680-3:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry Technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12680-3:2003. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 10 "Inner defects" to revise the following standard: EN 12680-3, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 3: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings. This is one of three European Standards for ultrasonic testing. The other standards are: EN 12680-1, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes; EN 12680-2, Founding — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components. Annex A provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. This European Standard does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons. This European Standard does not apply to transmission technique. NOTE The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 473, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: General principles EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 5: Characterization and sizing of discontinuities EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing — Terminology — Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 12223, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Specification for calibration block No. 1 EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment —Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment — Part 2: Probes EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment — Part 3: Combined equipment EN ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2 (ISO 7963:2006) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-4 and the following apply. 3.1 dross accumulation of fine slag particles (oxides, sulphides, etc.) in the rim zone of castings NOTE In smaller castings, dross is usually not detected by ultrasonic testing. CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 5 4 Requirements 4.1 Order information The following information shall be available at the time of enquiry and order (see also EN 583-1):  the areas of the casting and the number or percentage of castings to which the ultrasonic testing require- ments apply;  the severity levels for small castings in accordance with Table 1 and if applicable Table 3, or for large castings Table 2 and if applicable Table 4, to be applied to the various areas of the casting;  requirements for a written test procedure. NOTE 1 Severity levels in Tables 1 and 3 as well as 2 and 4 can be chosen differently. NOTE 2 Small castings are typically produced under serial conditions, e.g. automatic moulding lines, with a mass up to 500 kg. NOTE 3 Large castings are typically hand moulded, with a mass higher than 500 kg. 4.2 Extent of testing The areas of the casting to be tested shall be agreed. This agreement shall state how these areas are to be tested, i.e. point testing or scanning, and in which directions. NOTE These areas should be preferably indicated on the casting drawing. For wall thicknesses outside of the range 10 mm to 500 mm, agreement shall be made between the parties concerned on the test procedure and also on the recording and acceptance levels. 4.3 Maximum permissible size of discontinuities Unless otherwise agreed between the parties concerned, the maximum permissible sizes of discontinuities shall not exceed those of the severity level given in either Table 1 resp. 2 and/or Table 3 resp. 4. 4.4 Personnel qualification Unless otherwise agreed, testing shall be performed by personal, qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. 4.5 Wall section zones The wall section shall be divided into zones as shown in Figure 1. For wall thickness equal to or less than 10 mm the total wall thickness shall be considered as rim zone. Unless otherwise agreed these wall sections shall relate to the dimensions of the casting in the “as delivered” condition. When a discontinuity is located simultaneously in both, the rim zone and the core zone, the following applies:  ≥ 50 % in the rim zone, the specified area of the largest discontinuity for the rim zone shall be doubled;  < 50 % in the rim zone, the specified area of the largest discontinuity for the core zone shall be halved. CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S Z0036E5P Highlight EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 6 5 Testing 5.1 Principles The principles given in EN 583-1 and EN 583-2 shall apply. 5.2 Material The suitability of a material for ultrasonic testing is assessed by comparison with the echo height of a reference reflector (usually the first back-wall echo) and the noise signal. This assessment shall be carried out on selected casting areas which are representative of the surface finish and of the total thickness range. The assessment areas shall have parallel surfaces. The reference echo height shall be at least 6 dB above the noise level. If the echo height of this smallest detectable flat-bottomed or equivalent side-drilled hole diameter at the end of the test range to be assessed is less than 6 dB above the noise level, then the ultrasonic testability is reduced. In this case, the flat-bottomed or side-drilled hole diameter which can be detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 6 dB shall be noted in the test report and the additional procedure shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE If a distance-gain-size diagram (DGS) is available, the suitability of castings for ultrasonic testing with normal probes can be determined for example as follows: with the suppression switched off, the back-wall echo is brought to any reference level desired. The amplification according to the DGS diagram is then increased so that the echo signal height from the reference reflector according to 5.3.5.3 reaches the reference level. If the amplification is further increased by 6 dB the background noise level should not exceed the reference height. If necessary, a reference reflector can be used to determine the testing suitability in areas without the back-wall echo. 5.3 Equipment, coupling medium, time base range and sensitivity setting 5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrument The ultrasonic instrument shall meet the requirements given in EN 12668-1 and shall have the following characteristics:  range setting, from at least 10 mm to 2 m continuously selectable, for longitudinal and transverse waves transmitted in steel;  gain, adjustable in 2 dB maximum steps over a range of at least 80 dB with a measuring accuracy of 1 dB;  time base and vertical linearities less than 5 % of the adjustment range of the screen;  suitability at least for nominal frequencies from 0,5 MHz up to and including 5 MHz in pulse-echo technique with dual-element probe and single-element probe. 5.3.2 Probes and transducer frequencies The probes and transducer frequencies shall be as given in EN 12668-2 and EN 12668-3 with the following exceptions:  to cover the range of discontinuity types to be detected, the casting can be tested using compression- wave dual-element probe or single-element probe. NOTE 1 Dual-element probe should be used for the testing of areas close to the test surface. CO PY RI G HT D an is h St an da rd s. N O T FO R CO M M ER CI AL U SE O R RE PR O DU CT IO N. D S/ EN 1 26 80 -3 :2 01 2 User license: Siemens Wind Power A/S EN 12680-3:2011 (E) 7  for special geometrical conditions, angle-beam probes can be used up to a sound path length of about 100 mm, preferably with nominal angles between 45° and 70°. The frequency value shall be selected to suit the test and shall be within the range 0,5 MHz to 5 MHz. Higher frequencies can be used for testing wall thicknesses of less than 20 mm or areas close to the surface. NOTE 2 For the detection of near-surface discontinuities, the use of dual-element and/or angle probes is recommended. NOTE 3 Since sound travels at different velocities in steel and spheroidal graphite cast iron, the actual angle of refraction deviates from the nominal angle of the probe for steel. If the sound velocity of spheroidal graphite cast iron is known, the angle of refraction of the probe can be determined from the sound velocity according to Figure 2. Figure 3 shows how the angle of refraction can be determined to an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes using two probes of the same type. The sound velocity of spheroidal graphite cast iron can also be determined from the angle of refraction α as follows: s c c sin sin 2553 α α ×=C (1) where Cc is the sound velocity of transverse waves in the casting in metres per second; 3 255 is the sound velocity of transverse waves for steel in metres per second, αc is the angle of refraction in the