新视野第四册sentence structure

SentencestructureUnit1A.completethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingtheexpression“otherthan”1.Wenevergotochurchothertanforfuneralsandweddings.(除了去参加葬礼和婚礼之外)2.Ihavenoambitiousotherthantoliveanindependentlife.(除了过一种独立的生活之外)3.Heinsiststhedesignshavenogreatmeanings,otherthanthattheyappealedtohiseye.(除了他们很吸引他的眼球之外)4.Hedoesn’teatpork,butotherthanthat,he’lleatjustabouteverything.（但除此外，他什么都吃）5.Idon’tknowtheexactlocationofthechurch,otherthanthatit’ssomewhereinthetowncenter.(除了知道它在市中心的某个地方)CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“would/need/should/might/musthavedone”structure.1.Withallthisworkonhand,heshouldn’thavebeentothecinemalastnight.（昨晚不应该去看电影）2.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer（会告诉他答案）haditbeenpossible,butIwassobusythen.3.Theyhurriedthereonlytofindthemeetingcanceled.Infact,theyneedn’thavegoneatall.（他根本不需要去）4.IfHenrydidnotattendtheconferencelastnight,hemusthavehadtoomuchworktodo.（一定是有很多工作要做）5.Philipmighthavebeeninjuredseriously（可能受了重伤）inthecaraccident.Unit2Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Use“if…had+pastparticiple”intheif-clause,and“would/could+have+pastparticiple”inthemainclause.1.Ihadnoideathatyouwerecoming.SoIdidn’tmeetyouattheairport.IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.2.Hedidnottrytoleavethecountry.Sohewasnotstoppedattheborder.Ifhehadtriedtoleavethecountry,hewouldhavebeenstoppedattheborder.3.Wedidnotfindhimearlier.Sowecouldnotsavehislife.Ifwehadfoundhimearlier,wecouldhavesavedhislife.4.Ifailedtocatchthatplane.SoIwasluckynottobekilledintheaircrashIfIhadcaughtthatplane,Iwouldhavebeenkilledintheaircrash.5.Hewasinpoorhealth.Sohedidn’twritemanybooks.Ifhehadbeeningoodhealth,hecouldhavewrittenmanybooks.CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“it”astheformalsubjects.1.Withsomuchgoingonattheoffice,itisawondertofind（令人吃惊地发现）thatMr.Lawrencehasmuchtimeleftforanythingelse.2.Itisasurpriseforustofind（我们非常吃惊地发现）thattelevisionenjoysitsgreatestcompetitiveadvantageoninformation.3.You’llsoonfindthatitisawasteoftimetoarguewithhim.（与他争论是浪费时间）4.Itisacomforttoknow（令人宽慰地了解到）thatthere’salwayssomeonetokeepaneyeonthekids.5.Itisareliefforustoknow我们宽慰地了解到)thatthedriverwasabletocontrolthecarduringthestormweather.Unit3Studythemodelsandrewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesusingthestructure“beV-ed+to”withtheverbprovided.PayattentiontothetenseandvoiceinthestructureModel1:Peoplesupposethatawelfareclientcheats.(suppose)Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.Model2:Itisreportedthattwopeoplewerekilledintheexplosion.(report)Twopeoplearereportedtohavebeenkilledintheexplosion.1.PeoplebelievethatthewantedmanislivinginNewYork.(believe)ThewantedmanisbelievedtobelivinginNewYork.2.Itissaidthatmanypeoplearehomelessafterthefloods.(say)Manypeoplearesaidtobehomelessafterthefloods.3.Peoplesaythatthreemenwerearrestedaftertheexplosion.(say)Threemenaresaidtohavebeenarrestedaftertheexplosion.4.Itisthoughtthattheprisonerescapedbyclimbingoverthewall.(think)Theprisoneristhoughttohaveescapedbyclimbingoverthewall.5.Itisreportedthatfourpeoplewereseriouslyinjuredintheaccident.(report)Fourpeoplearereportedtohavebeenseriouslyinjuredintheaccident.ThereareverbsinEnglishthatcanbefollowedeitherbyaninfinitiveoran“-ing”form,butwithdifferentmeanings.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeverbinbracketsandtakecaretothinkwhethertouse“-ing”formorinfinitive.Model:Thegovernmentnolongertookcareofourchairs.(stop)Thegovernmentstoppedtakingcareofourchairs.1.Hedidsendherflowers,butitdidn’thaveanyeffect.Hetriedsendingherflowers,butitdidn’thaveanyeffect.2.Idon’tfeelsorryabouttellingherwhatIthought,evenifIupsether.(regret)Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought,evenifIupsether.3.ThewindowwasbrokenbecauseIdidn’tcloseitwhenIleft.(forget)ThewindowwasbrokenbecauseIforgottocloseitwhenIleft.4.Wefeelsorrybutwehavetoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstock.(regret)Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedareoutofstock.5.Hefirstwelcomedthenewstudentandthenexplainedcollegeregulations.(goon)Hewelcomedthenewstudentandthenwentontoexplainthecollegeregulations.Unit4“Ratherthan”isusedlikeaconjunctiontolinkwordsorexpressionsofthesametype.Combinethefollowingsentencesusing“ratherthan”.1.Concentrateonindoordelightsandyou’llbemuchbetterappropriated.Don’tconcentrateonoutdoorfights.Concentrateonindoordelightsratherthanoutdoorfightsandyou’llbemuchbetterappreciated.2.Asaresultofthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologymanypeoplemayeventuallybeabletoworkathome.Theydon’thavetogototheoffice.Asaresultof……workathomeratherthangototheoffice.3.Somepeoplesaythatthepupils’achievementsthistermwillbemeasuredbyaformaltest.Theyarenottobemeasuredbytheirteacher’sassessment.Somepeoplesay……byaformaltestratherthantheirteacher’sassessment.4.Theyarguedthattheirproductsshouldbedevelopedonthebasisofneed.Productsshouldnotbedevelopedonthebasisofprofit.Theyargued……onthebasisofneedratherthanprofit.5.Duringweekendsthebusinessmenmayspendtimeestablishingfriendshipandmutualtrust.Theywouldnotdiscussanyparticularitemofbusiness.Duringweekends……establishingfriendshipandmutualtrustratherthandiscussinganyparticularitemofbusiness.CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“twiceas…as”,“threetimesas…as”,etc.1.Pricesaregoingupsorapidly.Petrolnowistwiceasexpensiveasitwasafewyearsago.（现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍）2.HaveyouvisitedtheirhouseTheirsisaboutthreetimesasbigasours.（他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小）3.Thecompanyestimatesitsannualrevenueperaveragecustomeratabout$2,000ascomparedto$860intheUnitedStates.That’spartlyduetothefactthatLatinAmericanconsumerstalktwotofourtimesaslongasonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmerican.（拉丁美洲电话客户的通话时间是北美洲客户的二至四倍）4.Inspiteofthefactthatthefeeforcellphonesistypicallytwiceasmuchasforcallsmadeoverfixedlines,移动电话的资费通常是固定电话资费的两倍）theyarestillverypopular,especiallyamongtheyoungpeople.5.Fiber-opticcableisatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire.（可以传送高达电话线25万倍的数据）Unit5Studythemodelsentenceof“not/neverso…as”structureandrewritethefollowingsentencesusingthesamestructure.Model:Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.1.Thedistancebetweenthemisgreat,butitisnotunbridgeable.Thedistancebetweenthemisnotsogreatastobeunbridgeable.2.TheunityofthemasseswiththepartyisstrongerthaneverTheunityofthemasseswiththepartyisneversostrongasitisnow3.ThepunishmentwasharshbecauseMaggiewouldloseherposition,butshewasluckynottoloseherpay.ThepunishmentwasharshbecauseMaggiewouldloseherposition,butitwasnotsobadaslosingherpay.4.I’veheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butthisoneislouder.I’veheardtheterriblenoiseonceortwicebefore,butneversoloudasthisone.5.Menaremorepeaceful,moregracefulwitheachotherthanever.Menareneversopeaceful,sogracefuleachotherastheyarenow.CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,using“mightaswell”1.Myfatheralwaysgetsinformationfromthelocallibrary.Youmightaswellgotheretoseewhetherthereistheinformationyouneed.（你不妨去那里看看有没有你需要的资料）2.Whileyoulivealone,youcandoasyoulike.Wemightaswellcallitfreedom.（我们不妨称之为自由吧）3.Theymissyouverymuch.Youmightaswellringandtellthemyou’regoingtovisitthem.（你不妨打电话告诉他们你要去看望他们）4.It’snogoodwaitingforthebus.Wemightaswellwalkhome.（我们不妨走回家吧）5.Thispassageistoodifficultforustoread.Wemightaswellfindaneasieronetoread.（我们不妨找一篇容易一些的读吧）Unit6Whenthesubjectofasentenceisaninfinitiveorathat-clause,itisnotusualtoputitatthebeginning.Moreoften,weusethepattern“Itis+adjective+todo/that-clause”.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththepatterndiscussed.1.togotherenextMondayispointless—there’sapublicholiday.It’spointlesstogotherenextMonday—there’sapublicholiday.2.totalkabouthavinghighmoralstandardsiseasy,but,inpractice,whatwouldonereallydoinsuchasituationIt’seasytotalkabouthavinghighmoralstandards,inpractice,whatwouldonereallydoinsuchasituation3.toseedifferentculturesandwaysoflifeisinteresting.4.It’sinterestingtoseedifferentculturesandwaysoflife.5.Thatsherefusestotalktoyouisreallyastonishing.Itisreallyastonishingthatsherefusestotalktoyou.6.Thatshecomesstraighttomewhenshearrivesisimportant.Itisimportantthatshecomesstraighttomewhenshearrives.“suppose”canbeusedasaconjunction.Asaconjunction,“suppose”isfollowedbyaclause,usedinthesenseof“whatwould/willhappenif…”.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpoftheconditionprovided,using“suppose”1.WhatwouldyoudoCondition:objectingtocarryingoutaparticularmanagementorderandbeingafraidofthemanager.Supposeyouobjecttocarryingoutaparticularmanagementorderandyouareafraidofthemanager,whatwouldyoudo2.Howwouldyouexplainittoyournewly-marriedwifeCondition:havingjustgotmarriedandbeingabouttoworkabroadforthreeyears.Supposeyouhavejustgotmarriedandyouareabouttoworkabroadforthreeyears,howwouldyouexplainittoyournewly-marriedwife3.WouldyouexplaintoremovethedoubtsCondition:someonenotunderstandingwhyyoudidn’tarrestHarry.Supposesomeonecouldn’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tarrestHarry,wouldyouexplaintoremovethedoubts4.WouldyouthrowhimoutCondition:yourtenantfailingtopaytherentintime.Supposeyourtenantfailstopaytherentintime,wouldyouthrowhimout5.WherecouldyougethelpCondition:beingaveryheavysmoker,anxioustobreakthehabitSupposeyouareaveryheavysmokerandareanxioustobreakthehabit,wherecouldyougethelpUnit7“morethan”canbefollowedbyanounoradjectivetoexpressthemeaningof“havinggreatervalueorimportancethansomethingelse”or“notonly…”rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Model:Thebook,however,isnotonlyanargumentagainstthelatestracially-biasedtheory.Thebook,however,ismorethananargumentagainstthelatestracially-biasedtheory.1.Beinghealthyisnotmerelyaquestionofnotbeingill.Beinghealthyismorethanaquestionofnotbeingill.2.Iwasnotonlyalittleupsetatnotbeinginvitedtothewedding.Iwasmorethanalittleupsetatnotbeinginvitedtothewedding.3.thisstoryisnotjustinteresting;itiseducationalaswell.Thisstoryismorethaninteresting;itiseducationalaswell.4.Hepworthisnotonlyafilmmaker;hehadlearnttofindstoriesthatwouldhavegenuinepopularappeal.Hepworthismorethanafilmmaker;hehadlearnttofindstoriesthatwouldhavegenuinepopularappeal.5.comparedourachievementstodaywithwhatwestartedouttobe,itisnotsimplyamiraclebroughtaboutbyyearsofexceptionallyhardwork.Comparedourachievementstodaywithwhatwestartedouttobe,itismorethanamiraclebroughtoutbyyearsofexceptionallyhardwork.“nothinglessthan”canbefollowedbyanounoradjectivetoemphasizehowsurprisingorimportantsomethingis.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Model:LucaCavalli-Sforza,aStanfordprofessor,laboredwithhiscolleaguesfor16yearstocreateexactlythefirstgeneticmapoftheworld.Luca……tocreatenothinglessthanthefirstgeneticmapoftheworld.只需把斜体单词变为nothinglessthan即可。1.Whatwasneededwasjustanewindustrialrevolution.2.ThisisjustacalltorestorethevitalityoftheAmericanDream.3.Theirdreamwas,tobeexact,arevolutionaryprojecttobringcomputersandordinarypeopletogether.4.TheexperienceofsightseeinginthewonderfulislandisextremelyexcitingandIammovedtotears.5.Hewasveryconcernedthatsheshouldnotbetiredorbored;hewantedtomakesurethattheholidaywouldbejustperfectforher.Unit8Theword“mind”,whenusedinthesenseof“objectto”,“dislike”,“beannoyedby”,isusuallyfoundinquestionsandnegativesentencesandcanbefollowedbyanif-causeofan–ingstructure.Studythemodelandrewriteeachofthefollowingsentenceswith“mind”Model:NotonlydidIenjoytheshow,butIdidn’tmindtheactorsknowingthatIlikeit.把黑体字部分变为括号内的单词即可1.Iknowsheisn’treallyinterestedinwindow-shopping,butshedoesn’tobjecttowaitingwhileIhavealook.(mind)2.Ifpeopledon’tobjecttomynothavingadegree,Icouldgiveafewmusiclessons!(mind)3.Peoplearenotannoyedbypayingalotmoreforgoodsoftwarebecausetheycanseethebenefitsofusingit.(don’tmind)4.Idon’tcareifpeopleperceivemeasarrogant.Youneedcertaindegreeofittosucceed.(mind)5.Wedon’tobjectifittakestimeforpeopletoexpresstheirhopes,goals,fears,andneedsintheirlives.(mind)Theword“no”isadeterminer.Itcanbeusedbeforesingular(countableanduncountable”)nounsorpluralnounsatthebeginningofasentence,meaning“nota”or“notany”.1.Notasinglefriendcametoseeher;sheshutherselfoff,intheoldfamiliarworldofbedroomanddrawingroom.(nofriends)2.Notanycigaretteendcouldgiveusanycluetoorsignofanyonehavingeverbeenthere.(=no)3.Notanygas,notanywaterandnotanyelectricityinthehospital!Howcouldyouexpectthechildrentosurvivethis(=no)4.Notanyotherinformationingivenaboutthebookitself,althoughthereisabriefbiographicalnoteaboutthewriter.(no)5.Notanyefforthasbeenmadetoinvestigatethe“disappearances”thathaveoccurredoverthepastthreeyears.(no)