六级阅读理解100篇文本(完整版)

来源：www.ymx.pingoushop.comwww.ymx.pingoushop.com六级阅读理解100篇文本（完成版）CantheComputerLearnfromExperience计算机会经验吗Computershavebeentaughttoplaynotonlycheckers,butalsochampionshipchess,whichisafairlyaccurateyardstickformeasuringthecomputer’sprogressintheabilitytolearnfromexperience.Becausethegamerequireslogicalreasoning,chesswouldseemtobeperfectlysuitedtothecomputer.allaprogrammerhastodoisgivethecomputeraprogramevaluatingtheconsequencesofeverypossibleresponsetoeverypossiblemove,andthecomputerwillwineverytime.Intheorythisisasensibleapproach;inpracticeitisimpossible.Today,apowerfulcomputercananalyze40000movesasecond.Thatisanimpressivespeed.Butthereareanastronomicalnumberofpossiblemovesinchess—literallytrillions.Evenifsuchaprogramwerewritten(andintheoryitcouldbe,givenenoughpeopleandenoughtime),thereisnocomputercapableofholdingthatmuchdata.Therefore,ifthecomputeristocompeteatchampionshiplevels,itmustbeprogrammedtofunctionwithlessthancompletedata.Itmustbeabletolearnfromexperience,tomodifyitsownprogramm,todealwitharelativelyunstructuredsituation—inaword,to“think”foritself.Infact,thiscanbedone.Chess-playingcomputershaveyettodefeatworldchampionchessplayers,butseveralhavebeatenhumanplayersofonlyslightlylowerranks.Thecomputershavehadprogramstocarrythemthroughtheearly,mechanicalstagesoftheirchessgames.Buttheyhavegoneonfromtheretoreasonandlearn,andsometimestowinthegame.Thereareotherproofsthatcomputerscanbeprogrammedtolearn,butthisexampleissufficienttodemonstratethepoint.Granted,winningagameofchessisnotanearthshakingeventevenwhenacomputerdoesit.Buttherearemanyserioushumanproblemswhichbanbefruitfullyapproachedasgames.TheDefenseDepartmentusescomputerstoplaywargamesandworkoutstrategiesfordealingwithinternationaltensions.Otherproblems—internationalandinterpersonalrelations,ecologyandeconomics,andtheever-increasingthreatofworldfamine—canperhapsbesolvedbythejointeffortsofhumanbeingsandtrulyintelligentcomputers.Notescheck:agameplayedonacheckerboardbytwoplayers,eachusing12piecesecology:therelationshipbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment生态关系，生态学ReadingcomprehensionThepurposeofcreatingchess-playingcomputersis__________AtowintheworldchesschampionBtopavethewayforfurtherintelligentcomputersCtoworkoutstrategiesforinternationalwarsDtofindanaccurateyardstickformeasuringcomputerprogress2Today,achess-playingcomputercanbeprogrammedto________AgivetrillionsofreponsesinasecondtoeachpossiblemoveandwinthegameBfunctionwithcompletedataandbeatthebestplayersClearnfromchess-playingintheearlystageandgoontowinthegameDevaluateeverypossiblemovebutmayfailtogivetherightresponseeachtime3Foracomputerto“think”,itisnecessaryto________AmangetoprocessasmuchdataaspossibleinasecondBprogramitsothatitcanlearnfromitsexperiencesCprepareitforchess-playingfirstDenableittodealwithunstructuredsituations4Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheDefenseDepartmentis____AcriticalBunconcernedCpositiveDnegative5Intheauthor’sopinion,______AwinningachessgameisanunimportanteventBserioushumanproblemsshouldn’tberegardedasplayingagameCecologicalproblemsaremoreurgenttobesolvedDthereishopeformoreintelligentcomputers1b2c3b4c5d　　　　　　　　　　　　　YouCallThisaGoodEconomy　　　　　　　　　　　　　　这能称之为上佳经验Youhavetohavelivedinthe1950sand1960stohaveexperiencedagoodeconomy.Intheperiodbetween1950and1970itwastherule—ratherthantheexception—thatanordinaryfamily,withouthighereducation,couldsustainitselfdecentlyontheincomeofasinglebreadwinner（养家糊口的人）.In1955,whenIwas19andlivinginBrooklyn,N.Y.,myfather,whohadasixth-gradeeducation,maintainedourfamilyoffiveonawageof$82aweekasabookbinder.Mymothertaughtusfairnessandcompassion;myfather,disciplineandenterprise.TheU.S.economyinthoseyearswasgood.Thenwheredidthisgoodeconomygo?Itwasinflatedaway.Thepriceofgold,whichItakeasproxyforthepricesofallgoods,was$35anounceinthoseyears.Itisatroughlytentimesthatpricetoday.Thereisanotheranswer,though:inflationcausedtheentireworkforcetobemovedintohighertaxgroups,thusreducingafter-taxpurchasingpower.Thatis,myfather’sbinderyjobin1954paid$82aweek,with$80afterdeductions;today,at$820perweekthenetwouldbe$662.Toordinarypeople,theeconomydoesn’tlookverygoodatall.After-taxincomescontinuetodecreaseinpurchasingpower.Thejobsofferedintheemploymentadspayonlyalittlemorethantheminimumwage,maybe$5anhour,which,afterpayrolldeductions,yields$4anhour.Comparethatwithminimum-wagejobsoftheearly1950s,when75centswasworthtoday’s$7.50beforeandaftertaxes.Notes1Brooklyn:adistrictofNewYorkcity2inflate:通货膨胀3proxy:theauthoritytoactforanother4payroll:alistofemployeesandthewagesduetoeachReadingComprehensionIntheauthor’sopinion,agoodeconomy,toordinarypeoplecanbeexpressedintermsof______theamountofwageafter-taxincometheactualpurchasingpowertheminimumwageperhourIntheperiodbetween1950and1970,_______therewasnotmuchdifferenceinthelivingstandardsbetweenpeopleofhigherandlowereducationanordinaryfamilyoffivewithoutexceptioncouldliveononepersonincometheincomeofanordinaryfamilywasmorethanenoughforbuyingfoodforanaveragefamilytheincomewassufficienttosupportallthemembersTodayabookbinder’swageistentimesthatofthe1950’sbutitsincometaxratehasincreased______a.50timesb.60timesc.70timesd.80times4Theworseningofabookbinder’slivelihoodresultsfrom_____a.hisloweducationandtheamountofwageb.thehigh-taxationandtheincomedeductionsc.thehightaxationandcostoflivingd.thelowwageandhigherprices5Thepassageimpliesthatwhilethecostoflivingisgettinghigher______a.thevalueoflaboractuallyisshrinkingb.theminimumwagelevelisincreasinglikewisec.theincometaxrateisrisingalongd.theemploymentadsnaturallyofferahigherminimumwage6Theauthor’stoneinwritingthearticleis_____a.ironicalb.subjectivec.high-soundingd.convincing7thearticleaimsto_________.a.helpcontroltherapidlyincreasingpricesb.givesomeadvicetothepolicy-makersc.impresstheyoungergenerationwithsomebasicfactsd.calluponthesocietysattentionagainstinflation1c2b3d4c5a6d7cAreExpertsAlwaysRight专家总是对的吗Theworldhasbecomesocomplicatedthatwe’velostconfidenceinourabilitytounderstandanddealwithit.Butcommonsenseisusefulnowasiteverwas.Noamountofexpertisesubstitutesforanintimateknowledgeofapersonorasituation.Attimesyoujusthavetotrustyourownjudgement.Italmostcostmemylifetolearnthat.Iwasreadingabookoneday,idlyscratchingthebackofmyhead,whenInoticedthat,inoneparticularspot,thescratchingechoedinsidemyheadlikefingernailsonanemptycardboardcarton,Irushedofftomydoctor.“Gotaholeinyourhead,haveyou?”heteased.“It’snothing—justoneofthoselittlescalpnervessoundingoff.”Twoyearsandfourdoctorslater,Iwasstillbeingtolditwasnothing.Tothefifthdoctor.Isaid,almostindesperation,”ButIliveintisbody.Iknowsomething’sdifferent.”“Ifyouwon’ttakemywordforit,I’lltakeanX-rayandproveittoyou,”hesaid.Well,thereitwas,ofcourse,thetumorthathadmadeaholeasbigasaneyesocketinthebackofmyskull.Aftertheoperation,ayoungresidentpausedbymybed.”It’sagoodthingyou’resosmart,”hesaid.”Mostpatientdieofthesetumorsbecausewedon’tknowthey’rethereuntilitistoolate.”I’mreallynotsosmart.AndI’mtoodocileinthefaceofauthority.Ishouldhavebeenmoreaggressivewiththosefirstfourdoctors.It’shardtoquestionopinionsdeliveredwithabsolutecertainty.Expertsalwayssoundsosure.NevileChamberlain,theBritishprimeminister,waspositive,justbeforethestartofWorldWarII,thattherewouldbe“peaceforourtime.”ProducerIrvingThalbergdidnothesitatetoadviseLouisB.MayeragainstbuyingtherightstoGoneWiththeWindbecause“noCivilWarpictureevermadeanickel.”EvenAbrahamLincolnsurelybelieveditwhenhesaidinhisGettysburgAddress:”Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesayhere…”Weshouldnot,therefore,beintimidatedbyexperts.Whenit’sanareawereallyknowabout—ourbodies,ourfamilies,ourhouses—let’slistentowhattheexpertssay,thenmakeupourownminds.Notescardboardcarton:aboxorcontainermadeofastiffpasteboardofpaperscalp:theskincoveringtheheadtumor:肿瘤eyesocket:theopeningorcavityinwhichtheeyefitsdocile:easilymanagedortaughtreadingcomprehension“It”in“…dealwithit”(para.1)refersto______a.confidenceb.theworldc.abilityd.complication2.“Expertise”inpara.1means______a.commonsenseb.expertskillorknowledgec.unusualabilitytoappreciated.personalexperience3.Wehavetotrustourownjudgementsince____a.notallofushaveacquiredreliableexpertiseb.expertsoftenlosetheircommonsensec.expertsmaysometimesfailtogivegoodadviced.intimateknowledgeofapersonisnottobesubstitutedforbyexpertise4“That”in“italmostcostmemylifetolearnthat”(para.2)refersto______a.Icanlearntotrustmyjudgementb.Icanacquireanintimateknowledgeofmyselfc.commonsenseisnotasusefulasknowedged.expertisemaynotbereliable5Whilereadingoneday,theauthor______a.foundaholeatthebackofhisheadb.heardascratchingsoundfromacartonc.noticedsomeechofromhisheadwherehewasscratchingd.noticedasoundcomingoutfromhishead6“tease”inparagraph3means______a.tomakefunofb.tocomfortc.toreplyd.todisbelieve7“ifyouwon’ttakemywordforit”inpara.5maybeparaphrased_____a.ifyoudon’tthinkmywordisworthanythingb.ifyoudon’tlistentomyadvicec.ifyoudon’tbelievemyjudgementd.ifyoupreferactionstowords8“Skull”inpara.6mostprobablymeans____a.thebonyframeworkoftheheadb.thesurfaceskinoftheheadc.thenervesysteminsidetheheadd.thetoppartofthehead9Theauthordidn’tthinkhewassmart(para.7)because____a.hehadalreadysufferedfortwoyearsb.hehadnotbeenabletoputupwiththepainc.hehadbelievedtoomuchinexpertised.hehadformedtoostronganopinionofhimself10Ithappensthattheexamplesgivenbytheauthor_____a.allconcernwithwarsb.aretakenfrommodernAmericanhistoryc.havebecomepopularthemesinmoviesd.haveAmericanCivilWarasthebackground11Inthelastparagraph,thework”intimidate”maymean_____a.deceiveb.frightenc.maketimidd.encourage1b2b3c4d5c6a7c8a9c10a11cJustCallMeMister1OncolddayspeopleinManhattanliketotaketheirchildrentoPlaySpace,anindoorplaygroundfullofwonderfulclimbingandslidingcontraptions.There’sjustoneirritatingdetail:whenyoupayyourmoney,thecashierpullsoutafelt-tripmarkerandanadhesivelapeltagandasksyouyourname.“Frum,”Isay.“No,yourfirstname.”“Whatdoyouneedmyfirstnamefor?”“Towriteonthetag,soallthechildrenandthestaffwillknowwhattocallyou.”“Inthatcase,write‘Mr.Frum.’”2AtwhichIamshotalookasifIhadaskedtobecalledtoDukeofPlazaToro.3Inencouragingfive-year-oldstoaddressgrownupsbytheirfirstnames,PlaySpaceisonlyslightlyaheadofthetimes.Asajournalist,Ifaithfullyreportthatthecustomofaddressingstrangersformallyisasdeadasthepracticeofleavingavisitingcard.4There’shardlyasecretaryleftwhodoesnotreply,whenIgiveamessagefroherboss,“I’lltellhimyoucalled,David.”Orapublicrelationsagent,whetherinBangororBangkok,whodoesnotbeginhistelephonicspielwithacheerful“Hello,David!”5Youdon’thavetobeajournalisttocollectamazingfirst-namestories.Placeacollectcall,andtheoperatorfirst-namesyou.Theteenagerbehindthecounteratafast-foodrestaurantasksa70-year-oldcustomerforhisfirstnamebeforetakinghisorder.6Habitualfirst-namesclaimtheyaremotivatedbynothingworsethanuncontrollablyhigh-spiritedfriendliness.Idon’tbelieveit.IfIaskedthefast-foodorder-takerstolendme$50,theirfriendlinesswouldvanishinawhoosh.ThePRmandropsallhischeerfulnessthemomenthehearsIwon’tgoalongwithhisstoryidea.No,it’snotfriendlinessthatdrivesfirst-namers;it’saggression.ThePRagentswhocallmeDaviduninvitedwouldnever,iftheycouldsomehowgethimonthephone,addresspressbaronRupertMurdochthatway.ThewomanatthebankwhocalledmeDavidwouldneverfirst-namethebank’schairman.Likethemock-cheerystaffatPlaySpace,theyareengagedinasmiley-facedactofbelittlement,anassertionofpowerdisguisedasgoodcheer.Notes1contraptions:(informal)mechanicaldevices;gadgets2felt-tipmarker:软笔尖的颜色笔3adhesivelapeltag:不干胶标牌4DukeofPlazaToro:Dukeisanoblemanwiththehighesthereditaryrank,especiallyinBritain.PlazaToraisSpanish,somethinglike“BullFightingRing”inEnglish5Bangor:CityofSouthcentralMaine6Bangkok:CapticalofThailand,曼谷7spiel(slang)alengthy,usuallyextravagant,speechorargumentintendedtobepersuasive8collectcall:atelephonecallwithpaymenttobemadebythereceiver9pressbaron:Baronisthelowestmalerankofnobility,buthereitstandsforamanwithgreatpowerinpress10mock:simulated11cheery:cheerfulReadingcomprehensionTheauthorapparentlyregrets____havingtotakehischildrentoPlaySpacebeingfirst-namedbeingapproachedsofrequentlybyPRagentshavingtoputonanadhesivelapeltag“PR”inparagraph6standsfor____a.personalrequestb.personalrespectc.publicrelationsd.publicreview3Whentheauthor,asajournalist,speaksonthephone___a.heisusuallyveryformalandfaithfulb.hedoesnotknowwhetheragrownuporachildisspeakingattheotherendc.hefindspeopleaddresseachotherformallyd.hefindsthesecretaryisoftenwillingtopassamessage4Heoftenfindssecretaries_____a.irresponsibleinansweringphonecallsb.trustworthyinpassingmessagesc.notonlyfriendlybutalsocarefuld.callinghimDavid5Theauthorthinksthataddressingastrangerbyhisfirstnameisbeing____a.cheerfulb.friendlyc.disrespectfuld.light-hearted6“Asdeadas”inparagraph3maybeparaphrasedas_____a.asfirmlyfixedasb.asuselessasc.asoutoffashionasd.asunmistakenlyas7Habitualfirst-namers’claimamountstosaying____a.there’snothingthatcanbeworsethanhigh-spiritedfriendlinessb.theirattitudeshouldbeacceptablec.theyaresometimestoohigh-spiritedtocontrolchemselvesd.oneshouldcontroloneselfwhilespeakingtoastranger8Theso-calledhigh-spiritedfriendliness(para.6)isactually____a.cheerfulnessinappearancebutmockeryinrealityb.outandoutinsultc.awell-acceptedskillinpublicrelationsd.anactofoutwardwarmth9“Inawhoosh”inparagraph6means______a.byallmeansb.intheendc.inasecondd.inreality10“Iwon’tgoalongwith…”inparagraph6maybeparaphrasedasa.Iwon’tbelieve……b.Iwon’tgoonlistening…..c.Iwon’tagreewith….D.Iwon’tstickto…..1b2c3c4d5c6a7b8a9c10bTheDvelopmentofCivilization1Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter2Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.NodoubtitbeganverygraduallyAnimalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesuffivientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathefraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredhatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.3Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads,buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.4Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.5Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodeveopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoitTherewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime;therewasprogress—therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass—butneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.Notes1ape:anymonkey2narrative:astoryordescriptionofactualorfictionalevents;tonarrateistogiveanaccountorcommentary3prey:ananimalhuntedorcaughtforfood4pastoral:oforpertainingtoshepherds,herdsmen,etc.5nomad:oneofagroupofpeoplewhohavenopermanenthomeandmoveaboutfromplacetoplace6theNile:thelongestriverintheworldflowingthroughEastAfrica,尼罗河7theTigris:riverofSouthwestAsia,joiningtheEuphratesinSouthIraq8theEuphrates:riverofSouthwestAsia,幼发拉底河9theIndus:riverofSouthCentralAsia,risingfromSouthwestTibet,flowingthroughPakistantotheArabianSeaReadingComprehensionwhichoneofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,wasfirstdiscoveredorinventedinhumancivilization?a.writtenlanguageb.orallanguagec.fired.domestication2Theauthordoesnotstateclearlybutimpliesthatinthedevelopmentofman___a.humanspeechdevelopedalongwithotherhumanfacultiesb.picturelanguageandwrittenlanguagedevelopedsidebysidec.orallanguageprecededtheuseoffired.theapemightbetaughttomasterspeech3Accordingtothepassagepicturelanguagewasfoundmostusefulwhen_____a.peopledidn’twanttousespeechincommunicationb.orallanguagewasnotfullydevelopedc.peoplewenthuntingortravelingsomewhered.peoplewereinhabitingincaves4Itistheauthor’sviewthatinhumancivilizationagriculture______.a.isthemostimportantstepmanhasevermadeb.isonlylessimportantthanthedomesticationofanimalsc.hadlongbeenpracticedasstatedinwrittenhistoryd.canberankedinimportancewiththeinventionofmachines5Inthe3rdparagraph,”…intheregionswhereitcouldbepracticed…”,here,“it”refersto________a.increaseb.numberc.agricultured.species6Thepastoralnomadswouldnothaveyieldedtotheagriculturalwayoflife____a.ifithadnotbeenforthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyagricultureb.unlessagriculturecouldprovidethemwithsufficientdomesticatedanimalsc.ifagriculturehadtakenuptoolargeanumberoftheirpasturesd.iftheyhadnotfoundsetbacksintheirpastoralwayoflife7Writtenlanguageinitsinitialstagewasfoundmoreadvantageousinthat__a.itcouldcommunicatemoreaccuratelythantheorallanguageb.ithaddevelopedfrompicturelanguagec.informationcouldberecordedandtransmittedd.itwaseasiertolearnthanpicturelanguage8Thefollowingconditionsexceptonemadeitpossibleforcivilizedcommunitiestoexist.Theexceptionis_________a.writingb.agriculturec.fired.caves9Theword”it”in“…todevelopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.”(paragraph5)standsfor______a.techniqueb.timec.longperiodd.IndustrialRevolution10Theauthormeanstosaythathumancivilizedlifeoriginatedfrom____a.SouthEuropeb.NorthAfricac.EastAsiad.riverareas1c2a3b4d5c6a7c8d9a10d