《研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_熟谙》课后题答案

1 研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_熟谙_课后题答案 Unit One Answer Key Comprehension A 1. D 2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure." 3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future. 4. B 5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint. 6. C 7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages 8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable. 9. B 10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language. B 1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer) 2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself 3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold 4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons 5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination 6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning) 7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift 8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude) 9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital 10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless 11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning) 12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death 13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes 14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs) 15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live together Vocabulary and Structure 2 A 1--b 2--d 3--f 4—j 5—I 6--h B 1. sensit ive 2. list 3. prevalent 4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty 7. funct ional 8. confronte 9. courtesy 10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambit ious 13. purified 14. highlights 15. novelty C 1. A. sensit ive B. sense C. sensit ivity 2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory 3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing 4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation 5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent 6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient 7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted 8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted 9. A, spare B. spare C. spare 10. A. stroke B. stroking C. stroke D 1. C. make alternative 2. B. of taking advantage 3. C. of a head injury 4. D. remains 5. A. accepted 6. A. as much energy as 7. C. would end up 8. C. has been 9. B. or 10. D. with which E 1. language 2. associates 3. in-laws 4. total 5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives 9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so 13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition Speaking (Open) Translation and Writing 在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原资源时， 他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三 种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸 易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合 成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称 是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意 大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界， 将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。 B 1. One theory refers to the sensit ivity to the target language as being one of the most important 3 factors in language learning. 2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them. 3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices. 4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public. 5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency. 6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers. 7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years. 8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficult ies in my study he would help me. 9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory. 10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture. Reading Practice 1 .F 2.T 3. F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7. F 8.T Unit Two Answer Key Comprehension A 1. i People have different opinions about lies but they don't differ much in defining what truth is. ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention. 2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie. ii Almost everyone lies. 3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided. ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society. 4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures. 5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children. 6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar 3) those that don't tell the whole truth (Some information may be left unsaid.) 4) those that are told with no intention of being kept 5) those that are told to deceive oneself 7. (Open) 8. B 9. Because it prevents one from realizing one's shortcomings and improving oneself. 10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs. B 4 1. People cannot make sound judgement about ...because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist. 2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often don't, (This is what one's moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. "It" refers to "the realization" and "them" refers to "moral beliefs." Because they don't appear to be true. 3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category of"little white lie". Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one person's"little white lie"is another person's "dirty lie" 4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns. 5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver. 6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambit ions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we can't recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success. 7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic. 8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other people's feelings are more important. Vocabulary and Structure A 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B B 1. going through 2. goes with 3. in response to 4. grew up 5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to 7. hold ... together 8. watching for 9. in comparison 10. draw a line between C 1. A. what is 2. A. than have 3. D. it 4. D. ignored 5. C. go 6. D. would he be 7. C. objected to 8. C. though 9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feet D 1. to 2. than 3. expressing 4. always 5. relief 6. But 7. persuaded 8. cracked 9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the 13. t imes 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solut ion 17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leave Speaking (Open) 5 Translation and Writing A 那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎 无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒 或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。 他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人 都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。 病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人 相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。 * * * * * * * * * * * * 通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。如果说谎，他们应 该感到内疚。在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通过他 们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，大多数人确实也会说谎。因此孩子在这种 双重教育下长大——他们偶尔也会说谎，但是他们会感到内疚，并且不想让别人知道他们已说 了谎。 B 1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avo ided. 2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York. 3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture. 4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children. 5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out. 6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes. 7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intent ion to hurt her. 8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students. 9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits. 10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died. Reading Practice 1 . B 2 . D 3 . A 4 . C 5 . D Unit Three Answer Key Comprehension A 1. E 2. "The numbers" means the relatively small number of people competing for a given job. The author thinks that due to the lower birth rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the job market and therefore more job opportunities are available to young people today. 3. They have a gloomy view of the present world. 1) They have been exposed to murder and other types of violence and some other negative events on TV. 2) Many have been brought up in single-parent families and the emotional upheaval and conflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth. 3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak 4. They will spend more time with their kids and care about them more. 6 5. No. Because they want to save their money so that they can live better when they do leave. 6. The parents' attitude: loyalty and commitment to the workplace slave away and show their dedication to the company The youth's attitude: They don't want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is life after work. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position. 7. Generation X'ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Their parents' dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs. They feel there is no such thing as job security. They don't want to commit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is more to life than work. 8. They will have better family values, get things done quickly, shorten the workweek, and create systems that will allow "intrapreneurs." 9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, X'ers' dislike of bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems will quickly improve productivity. 10. He intends to tell us about X'ers' potential entrepreneurship. 11. D. Because Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways from previous generations and may have dramatically different ways to improve society. B 1. negative view of the world less loyalty and commitment keep options open stay at home longer eager to get noticed unrealistic and materialistic views gett/ng things done fast better family values shorter work week greater entrepreneurship 2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon. 3. It is implied that their thirty years' dedication to their company was not acknowledged and cherished. In fact, they were dismissed without anything. 4. Because they were neglected in their families and classrooms. 5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who don't have to work too hard. They desire instant gratification and expect a whole lot for nothing. 6. "McJobs" are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobs X'ers would want. 7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy. 8. Because many of them have an independent, individualist ic nature and Like to be left alone to solve problems. 9. It means fostering innovat ion and being creat ive. 10. If we listen to what Generat ion X'ers will say, we may understand thern better, and also find they have some very beneficial things to offer. Vocabulary and Structure A 1.B 2. C 3.A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8.A 9.D 10. A 7 B 1. was referred to as 2. take on 3. waiting around 4. piled up 5. jump ship 6. teamed up with 7. look upon 8. on their own 9. cleaned out 10. slaving away C 1. A. what 2. C. paying for 3. D. one 4. A. By 5. C. seeks 6. C. impaired 7. B. it is 8. C. hardly anything 9. A. There is 10. D. its D 1. grew 2. plant 3. see 4. inherit 5. debt 6. Among 7. likely 8. die 9. increased 10. gone I I. top 12. expected 13. in 14. face 15. only Speaking (Open) Translation and Writing A 这些青年人正在确定个人与其周围社会关系的新模式。不受上司与长辈影0向的情况反而 使他们更坚定地自行其事。他们对经历了时间考验的传统也不在乎。例如，当今的青年夫妇拒 绝向更注重表面的社会生活习俗让步。在我们那一代，年轻的新娘们如果不是家住名区，如果 他们家的餐具不够高雅，她们则会咆尝其苦。那时青年人对于有影响的社会关系、部队中的官 职、有名的俱乐部成员身份都十分敏感。然而这一代人却坚持希望别人评价他们自身的价值。 我常常听说他们小心翼翼地隐藏起出身名门的事实。他们坚持作为一个独立的人被社会接受， 这产生一种空前的坦诚。一位女大学生对我说：“你知道我一直都不够诚实，我正在试图改正”。 一位退伍土兵在一个男女混合的场合，当着目瞪口呆的双亲面对大家说他在战后的六个月里一 直是一个“精神变态者”。这些言词说明自由的坚固性——一种属于自己而不属于虚伪的社会 习俗的自由。 B 1. Unlike the young people today, we had to take on family responsibilit ies and help our parents with housework when we were teenagers. 2. Generation X'ers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic, slave~to~the-job mentality of their parents and bosses. 3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own and comprehend them quickly. 4. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know what to do with their new libert ies. 5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for the same clothing styles, music and entertainment. 6. Generation X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment, and it is a priority for them to have a good time whether they are at work, school or home. 7. Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and commitment to the workplace. 8. Young people desire to upgrade their situation and they are always jumping ship at the hint of a better posit ion. 8 9. Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, X'ers are not ready to take over in polit ics, education and business. 10. Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the research and create new products at unparalleled rates. Reading Practice 1. How to manage X'ers. 2. Create conflicts. 3. Because this conflicts with their independence and'embarrasses them. 4. Because they want very much to be stimulated. 5. We should make work enjoyable. Unit Four Answer Key Comprehension A 1. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and made money on an electronics acquisit ion. 2. The question showed that the young man thought twelve million dollars was a large sum of money to him. 3. a. They have been known to every schoolboy. b. They have been shown on the covers of glossy magazines. c. They have been a committee member of important charity balls. d. They have been the owners of a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue, e. They have a stretch limousine, f. They are the owners of a professional football team. g. They are the owners of a magazine and the chief columnists. h. They have made ~fty million dollars. 4. C and D. The whole tone here is very sarcastic. a. corporate raiders b. real-estate sharks 5, Because when the young man asked her to marry him he said he would surely amount to something but he turned out to be a "nobody." 6. To be famous. That he will be"somebody. ' 'This could mean rich, famous or outstanding. But obviously, 12 million dollars wasn'~ enough to qualify. 7. exaggeration: "Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen." "You can't buy a real magazine for chicken feed." etc. irony: He is rich and has all the trappings of being successful but it 's not enough for his wife. He becomes famous because of illegal behaviour, which his wife feels like he is becoming successful. 8. Both. 9. (Open.) 10.