英语语言学名词解释

1.Design features : refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it form animal system of communication. 2.Arbitrariness : the relationship between speech sounds and the meanings they represent and an arbitrary one. 3.Phatic function : we all use seemingly meaningless expressions to maintain a comfortable relationship between people without involving any featual content. 4.Assimilation: a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. 5.Suprasegmental feature: the phonemic features that occur above the level of segments are called suprsegmental features. 6.Complementary distribution : sounds that are not found in the same position are said to be in complementary distribution. 7.Distinctive features: features that distinguish meaning are called distinctive features. 8.blending : is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words. 9.allomorph : the different morphs of the same morpheme are called~ 10.inflectional morpheme: affixes are attached t o free morphemes or stems either to show grammertical categories or to form new words. 11.root: is morpheme on which the test of a word is built. 12.compounding : the combination of free morpheme is another common way to form words. 13.morphology: is a branch of linguistic that study of word structure and rules of word formation. 14.derivation : the process of putting affixes to existing forms to creat new words. 15.bound morpheme : morphemes are never used independently in speech and writing always attached to free morphemes to form new words. 16.morpheme : the smallest meaningful unit of language is called a ~ 17.suppletives : is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast with the root. 18.conversion: a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class, also called zero derivation. 19.clipping : is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables. 20.backformation: is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real or supposed suffix. 21.coinage : a process of creates words not based on existing morphemems. 派生和屈折的区别？ 1.function: a derivational morpheme can change either the grammatical category or the meaning or both of a word , but a inflectional morpheme doesn’t change the part of speech of the word. A inflectional morpheme doesn’t change the meaning of the word. 2.position : a derivational affix can be a prefix or a suffix , but a inflectional morpheme can only be a suffix. 3. a derivational morpheme is often restricted in its productivity , but a inflectional morpheme is fully productive. 4. a derivational morpheme is not synatactically relevant . 5. the word including a derivational morpheme is often semantically opaque , but the word including a inflectional morpheme is rarely semantically opaque. Phonetic和 phonology 的区别？ Phonetics and phonology both study speech sound. They are different in the following aspects. 1.phonetics is general. It studies all the speech sounds of all the human language. But phonology focuses on the system of speech sound of a particular language. 2.phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds and the phonetic features it possesses. It mainly deals with the classification and description of speech sounds. Buts phonology aims at how speech sounds can be communication. It studies what sounds what sounds very in what ways in what ways in what contexts and what speech sounds can appear together in a sequence.