六级复习资料_0

六级复习资料_0 六级复习资料 六级复习资料.txt男人的承诺就像80岁老太太的牙齿，很少有真的。你嗜烟成性的时候，只有三种人会高兴，医生 你的仇人和卖香烟的。 弃我去者，昨日之日不可留 乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧 全国六级CET-6考试复习资料 四六级考前冲刺,综合篇 综合部分在四六级考试中包括两部分,即完形填空或改错部分、翻译部分。两部分分别占10%和5%的分值。完形填空部分采用多项选择题型,改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。翻译部分测试的是句子、短语及常用表达层次上的中译英能力。虽然这些分值所占比例并不大,但也是及格与否或高分与否的关键所在。 综合部分考查的首先是考生的词汇量和对其用法的熟悉程度。在最后四周内,对许多考生来说只要强化背诵四六级高频词汇和固定搭配的阅读,就能在这个版块的得分上向前迈进一大步。如何在这四周的时间里合理安排时间和复习顺序,最有效地背单词、掌握关键的句型结构呢,在这里昂立四六级命题中心的老师为您制定了一套合理科学的复习计划。 准备项目:本周建议您回顾一遍所有的新题型的真题综合部分,尤其是注意反复考查的单词、动词固定搭配和句型。 参加六级考试的同学可以做一下0612综合部分的改错题型,总结一下技巧。因为现在改错不常考,所以在最后阶段复习这种题型既能依靠前面积累的词汇语法基础提高做题正确率,又能在考前熟悉考题技巧。 难点重点:六级的完型填空这种题型并不常考,事实上在新六级的推广中只考了0612一次。全文篇幅在200词左右,有十处横线,但凡出现横线的这样必定有错误、反之则没有。我们建议考生在处理此类题目时首先要把握首句、了解文章的话题。接着通读全文,掌握上下文的逻辑关系。在做题时请大家注意,每一种错误类型只会出现一次。漏述、赘述加起来一般不会超过三次。 准备内容:这里给大家总结一下完型中常见的几大错误。名词单复数、固定搭配、介词、正反义词、词性、上下文逻辑、并列结构。 时间安排:这类题目并不建议大家多做,能把0612考过的做完就可以了。 四六级考前冲刺,写作篇 据我们科学估计,在最后四周内,只要有针对的进行安排时间,对许多考生来说写作仍有至少20分的提升空间。使用那些材料才能有效的最大限度地拿分呢,在这里昂立四六级命题中心的老师为您支招,帮助您安排合理科学的复习计划。 准备项目:词汇的升级和整理,句法的最后磨合。 准备重点:高分作文,一定有写作语法的亮点,也有词汇的丰富多彩,语句的新颖别致。可以在考前突击一下辞藻和句型,让文章更加生动。 准备内容:这个时刻不建议去练习作文或者还在大段背诵,而是做一些温故知新的举措。还有去掌握涉及任何一种类型作文的基本表达方式.这里给出十大句型,并且根据历年真题给出例句。 作文写作十大句型 1.越来越: be increasingly + adj ; be on the rise,(普通版);the growing number of; sth is gaining great popularity. (强化版) ? There is a growing number of the disposable plastic bags. ? The recreational activities is gaining great popularity among the college undergraduates一次 性塑料袋使用越来越多 2.人们认为: Some people believe, claim, agree, claim, maintain, argue, hold, suggest, consider (普通版);it is believed/held/agreed/claimed by some people that(加强版);Some push the view that / maintain the view that/ create a solid statement that (四六真题版) ? It is widely claimed that recreational activities are of great benefit to people. 娱乐活动可能 使人们受益 ? Some people create a solid statement that disposable plastic bags are nearly impossible to break down and thus pose various environmental problems. 3.许多、很多: many, different, various, numerous, abundant, (浓缩版); a (great) number of, a great/rich variety of, various kinds of,(强化版) ? A rich variety of recreational activities has emerged in this ever-changing society. 娱乐活动 多种多样 4.引起人们注意:claim, call, attract, general/public/world attention to sth.(普通版) Bring to the public attention the fact that (四六真题版) ? We college students should bring the public attention the fact that disposable plastic bags are not only non-recyclable products but also detrimental to the environment. 我们要让群众认识到 一次性塑料袋的危害 5.发挥/起到重要作用:important? essential, crucial, vital, significant, fundamental (浓缩版) play an (important/active/great) role/part in (高频版) Sth is of great/utmost importance to, (四六真题版) ?It is of great importance/significance for sb. to do sth.大学生的心理健康十分重要 ? Mental health is of great importance to the college students. 6. 只有„„才能„„:Only by„can sb hope to do sth. Only by doing sth„can sb hope to do sth. 只有通过这样的措施,我们才有希望减少校园浪费。Only by this way, can we hope to reduce the waste on campus. 7. 是到了„„的时候: It is high time that +过去时态 是到了全中国人意识到盗版危害的时候。It is high time that all the Chinese people realized the harm of piracy. 8. 虽然但是: although/but (普通版) despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that (加强版) regardless of sth. 虽然双休日给我们带来了方便,它同样也引起了很多问题。 Despite the fact that the two-day weekend brings convenience to us, it also gives rise to many problems. 9. 因为所以:because/so/since (普通版) due to/owing to/thanks to/because of(加强版) lead to/be attributed to/(加强版) 人们很喜欢用一次性产品,因为它们便宜又方便 People like to use disposable products because of their convenience and low price. 10. 不仅而且:Not only„but also(普通版) Not only +倒装„but also ?Disposable plastic bags not only damage our environment but also affect our health. 一次性 塑料袋不仅破坏了我们的环境,而且影响了我们的健康。 ?Not only do disposable plastic bags damage our environment, but they also affect our health. 四六级考前1月冲刺,阅读篇(最后1周) 阅读在四六级考试中占到35%的分值,无论对于想通过还是想考高分的考生来说都是非常 关 键的项目,有着决定性的意义。 据我们科学估计,在最后四周 v+adv n+v(主谓) 简答题主要注意找到原文出处后对原文信息进行改写,改变词性和形式,达到题目的要求。 准备内容:新题型中的所有题目。 时间安排:这类题目并不建议大家多做,能把新题型考过的六套题目做完就可以了,因为这类题对词汇依赖比较大,所以多背词汇还是来得实在一些。 四六级考前1月冲刺,听力篇(最后1周) 听力在四六级考试中占到35%的分值,跟阅读理解的分值一样, 所以无论对于只求及格还是想勇夺高分的考生来说, 都是非常关键的项目,有着决定性的意义。 据昂立四六级项目部听力教研中心科学估计,在最后四周内,对许多考生来说听力尚有至少20分的提升空间。如何在这四周的时间里合理安排时间和复习顺序,最有效地准备听力,最大限度地提升分数呢,在这里昂立四六级命题中心的老师为您支招,帮助您安排合理科学的复习计划。 准备项目:建议大家重新返回听力对话部分进行复习,因为这一部分在考前比较容易提高,为你听力的整体分值力挽狂澜。 另外最后一周大家可以对以前所有做过的题型做一个总的整理和复习,建议可以总得做一套模拟。听力复习最关键的是不要间断,形成听力的感觉和惯性。 准备内容:2008年6月及12月的两套题目 (六)短语 adhere to 忠于 after all 毕竟,归根结底 at random 随机地,任意地 break out 突然发生,爆发 break up 打碎 but for 要不是 by far 最,„„得多 by no means 决不,一点也不 catch on 理解,明白 catch up with 赶上 collide with 碰撞,冲突 come up with 想出,提出 come up with 追及,赶上 comment on 评论 contrary to 与„„相反 contribute to 有助于,促成 cope with 应付,妥善处理 cut short 打断,制止 do away with 消灭,废除,去掉 do credit to 为„„带来光荣 due to 因为 go in for 从事,致力于 go off 爆炸 hang by a thread 千钧一发,岌岌可危 heap praise upon 对„„大加称赞 in accordance with 与„„一致,按照,根据 in between 在两者之间 in case of 防备,以防 in honour of 为纪念 in response to 响应,反应 in terms of 根据,从„„方面来说 in that 因为 in the vicinity of 在附近 keep off 远离,抑制 lay off (暂时)解雇 let alone 更不必说 look into 调查 look on 看待 lose no time 立即 make sense of sth. 讲得通,言之有理 of no avail 无用,无效 on file 存档 on no account 决不,绝对不 on the decline 衰落中,衰退中 out of stock 无现货的,脱销的 provided that 假如,若是 pull up 使停下 put away 放好,放起来 regardless of 不管,不顾 result in 导致,结果是 result in 发生,导致 see to 照料,注意 show to 引导,引领 stand for 容忍,接受 take on 承担,接受 take over 接管,接收 take to 对„„产生好感,开始喜欢 talk into 说服 that is 即,也就是 turn in 上交 turn out 生产出 turn to 求助于 ward off 防止,避开 with reference to 关于,有关 work out 想出,制订出 worth one’s while 值得 六级听力常用词汇 a case in point 恰当的例子 a fraction of 一小部分 a narrow escape 死里逃生,九死一生 a piece of cake 容易的事,小事一桩 a sore throat 嗓子痛 a stone’s throw 一箭之遥,很近 a variety of 各种各样的 account for 解释,是„„的原因 against one’s will 违背某人的意愿 ahead of time/schedule 提前 air crash 空难 all the year round 一年到头 another cup of tea/another pair of shoes 另外一回事,另当别论 anything but 决不 apart from 除了 appeal to 吸引 apple of one’s eye 钟爱之物,宠儿 apt to 有„„的倾向 approve of 赞同,认可 as fit as a fiddle 很健康 as luck would have it 碰巧 at a loss 不知所措 at a discount 低于正常价格 at ease 放松,轻松 at one’s wit’s end 智穷计尽,没有办法 at random 随意的 at short notice 一得到通知马上就„„ at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 at the tip of one’s tongue话到嘴边,一时想不起back issue/current issue 过刊/现刊 be available 有,可提供 be around 露面 be bound for (车等)开往 be bound to 肯定会 be far from 远不是,根本不是 be fed up with 对„„厌倦,讨厌 be free of 免除,脱离 be no exception 不例外 beat about the bush 不直截了当,绕圈子 behind schedule (车,飞机等)晚点 beside the point 离题,不中肯 bite off more than one can chew 承担太多的工作而无法完成,好高骛远 born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 出身富贵 break one’s word 毁约,说话不算数 break down (车等)出故障 break one’s word 食言,失信 break off 暂停工作 bring up 抚养 by all means 当然,一定 by and large 总的来说,大体上 by chance 偶然,意外地 by nature 天性 by leaps and bounds 极快的,大幅度的 by no means 一点也不,决不 call it a day 结束,到此为止 call off 取消 can do with 讲究,能对付 can not help(doing) 禁不住 care for 喜爱 castle in the air 空中楼阁,不切实际的想法 catch on 变得流行,受欢迎 check in 办理(入住)登记手续 check out 付账后离开 cheer up 振作起来 chilled to the bone 冻僵了 clothes make the man 人靠衣装 come across 偶然碰见 come down with 病倒 come straight to the point 开门见山 come true 实现 come up to 达到,符合 come up with 提出,想出 concentrate on 集中精力 count on 依靠,指望 cross out 划掉,删去 cut down 削减,删节 day in and day out 每天,始终 deal with 论述,关于,处理 die away (声音等)逐渐消逝 dos and don’ts 规则,允许的和不允许的 do in Rome as the Romans do 入乡随俗 down to earth 实事求是 doze off 打瞌睡 draw near 接近,临近 dress up 穿盛装 drop by/in 顺便访问 drop out 辍学,放弃 easy come, easy go 来的容易去的快 end in 以„„为结果 end up 结束 engage in 参加,从事 every other (week) 每隔一(周) express mail 快递 fall back on 求助于 fall behind 落后 familiar with 熟悉 few and far between 很少,很稀疏 figure out 弄清楚,算出,想出 fill the prescription 按照药方配药 find fault with 挑剔,抱怨 flat tyre 轮胎没气了 for sale 待售 focus on 集中在 for a change 为了换换花样 for a time 暂时,一度 for ages 很久 for good 永久的 for the time being 暂时 free with money 花钱大手大脚 from bad to worse 每况愈下 gain weight 增加体重 get on in years 上了年纪 get out of bed on the wrong side 一早起床就情绪不好 get somewhere 取得进展 give sb . a cold shoulder 待人冷淡,态度不友好 give sb . a lift/ride 让某人搭车 go beyond 超出,胜过 go Dutch 各自负担自己的费用 good for nothing 没用的人或事物 go on a diet 节食 go on strike 罢工 go over 复习 go with 与„„相配 hand up 挂断(电话) have access to 可以使用 have butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张 have one’s hands full 十分繁忙 have the final say 有决定权 have sth . in common 有共同之处 have sth. done 让别人做某事 head for 前往 hear from 收到某人的信件 hear oneself think 专心思考 heart and soul 全心全意地 heavy traffic 交通拥挤 high time 是该做某事的时候了 hit the ceiling 勃然大怒 hold the line/on 别挂电话 hold up 耽搁 in a mess 混乱,乱七八糟 in a sense 从某种意义上讲 in addition to 除了 in advance 提前 in debt 负债 in exchange 作为交换 in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏 in honor of 为庆祝/纪念 in low spirits 情绪低落 in memory of 为纪念 in part 部分的 in particular 尤其,特别 in person 亲自 in season (蔬菜,水果等)当令 in the dark 不知道,蒙在鼓里 in the long run 从长远来看 in theory 从理论上说 in turn 依次,轮流 in vain 徒劳,白费 interfere with 干涉,影响 it depends 看情况,视„„而定 it is sb.’s treat 由某人请客 keep an eye on 照看,注意,观察 know/learn the ropes 了解,掌握做事情的技能 keep body and soul together 生存下去 keep one’s head 保持镇静 keep sb. informed 及时通知某人 keen on 喜好 lay off 解雇 least of all 最不 let alone 更不用说 lend a hand 帮忙 live from hand to mouth 收入勉强糊口 look for a needle in a haystack 大海捞针 look on the bright side 看到事物光明的一面 look through 浏览 lose one’s head 不知所措 lose one’s temper 发脾气 make a fuss 大惊小怪 make a difference 影响 make a reservation 预定(旅馆房间,座位等) make ends meet 使收支相抵 make head or tail of sth 弄懂,看懂 make for 前往 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 make sense 有意义,讲得通 make up 弥补,补充 make up one’s mind 下决心 man of letters 文人 mind one’s own business 别管闲事 mistake sb. for sb 把„„误当作„„ more often than not 多 半,大概 no wonder 难怪 no way 决不 none of one’s business 与某人无关,少管闲事 nothing but 只有 not to mention 更别提 on account of 由于 on earth 究竟 on duty 值班 on no account 决不 on purpose 故意 on sale 降价出售 on the contrary 相反 on the spot 当场 on vacation 度假,休假 on weekdays 在工作日 one in a million 凤毛麟角,百里挑一 one’s cup of tea 某人的喜好,兴趣,口味 once in a blue moon 很难得,几乎不可能 once in a while 偶尔 other than 而不是 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失去控制 out of order 出了毛病 out of print (书)没有重印 out of question 没问题 out of stock 没货 out of the question 不可能 out the cart before the horse 本末倒置,主次颠倒 owe to 归功于 owing to 由于 pick up (车等)中途搭人 pull over 停在路边 put an end to 结束 put off 推迟 put their heads together 集思广益,群策群力 put through to sb. 接通某人的电话 put up with 容忍,忍受 rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨 rain or shine 不论下雨还是天晴 run across 不期而遇,偶然发现 run into 偶然遇见 rather than 而不是 read between the lines 明白言外之意 regardless of 不管 remind sb.of sth 使某人想起 responsible for 对„„负责人 result from 由于 ring up 打电话 room and board 食宿 round the corner 即将到来 round the lock 日日夜夜,不分白天黑夜 rule out 排除 run out of 用光 rush hour (交通)高峰时间 safe and sound 安然无恙 („o’clock) sharp „“点整 Speak highly of sb. 高度某人 sure thing 当然,没问题 take advantage of 利用 take charge of 负责,看管 take off 起飞 take one’s place 代替,接替别人 take one’s time 别急,慢慢来 take over 接管 take sth.seriously 认真看待 teach sb.a lesson 教训某人 take turns 轮流 thanks to 多亏了 traffic jam 交通堵塞 throw light on 提供知识,使人们了解 too good to be true 好的令人难以置信 turn down 把音量调小,拒绝 turn off 关上(电器开关) turn on 打开(电器开关) turn up 出现,露面 turn over (车,船等)翻倒 turn a blind eye 视而不见 turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻,置之不理 under the weather 身体不适 up in the air 未定的 up to date 最新的,现代的 up to sb 由某人决定 use up 用光 When it comes to 当说到,当涉及到 with a grain of salt 有保留的,不全信 without fail 无误,一定 You bet! 当然～ You said it! 对～可不是～ 六级阅读高频词汇词组 oceanography 海洋科学 few and far between 数量稀少 further his work 深入工作 earned a living = made a living 以„为生 earned a living from the sea 以海洋为生 let alone=let go of松开;let down让„失望;let alone更不用说 popular interest 大众兴趣 under way 在进行中 samples n 样品 v采样 mercy n 怜悯,同情,宽恕 blame sb for sth = blame sth on sb 因„而责怪某人 in fashion 入时 out of fashion 过时 at the think (thought) of 一想到 put aside = set aside 放在一边,储存,忽略,搁置 set aside 否决,(较正式) nothing more than = no more than = only 只不过 important = vital 重要 outward appearance 关注外表 put up with 容忍,忍受 come up with 提出 keep up with 保持,维持 catch up with 赶上 in term of 在„方面 pick one’s way through = make(pick) one’s way to 走向 in the matter of adv 就„而论 draw a conclusion = jump to a conclusion得出一个结论 draw = come to = arrive at = get to = reach 得出„ attach great importance to = placed more stress on 重视 strength 优点,长处 get along with 与人相处,进展 go about 从事 mentally 心理上 in term of = in the matter of 概论;就„而言 assume 假定; 承担;呈现=take on consist of v由„组成 fit for 合适 by comparison 比较起来(文章中强对比的标志性词汇) light on 不拥挤 construction code 规章制度 civil engineer 土木工程师 be resting in 安于现状 as well as = in addition 又;也,另外 (两者都表示并列平行的关系,as well as 强调前者;in addition 强调后者) <counter> = against 抵消 counterbalance vt使平均, 使平衡, 弥补n平衡量, 平衡力, 势均力敌 extraordinary 超越平凡 for 表因果关系 variety 多样性 but far more than cite = quote 引用 be born to天生该„ it is commonly believed = it is widely believed 大众观点(多数错误) costly 代价高昂 A result from B B推出A ;A result in B A 推出B = lead to side effects of 副作用 sound = good 好的 make up for 弥补 something light 零食;快餐 waves 一波一波(时间段) distinct 显著;不同 bring up 抚养 at the time = at that time 到那时 at one time 曾经 at a time 每次 at all times = always 总 是 at times 有时 a certain field 特定领域 most = very test one’s limits 挑战极限 long for ab to do sth 期望某人做某事 attend vt上学;vi 照顾 full development = all-round development 全面发展 conversation 对话 conservation 保存 In the light of = in view of 鉴于;考虑到= considering cast shed light on = make sth clear 解 释阐明 throw below the level consciousness = at the unconscious 无意识 run into 遭遇,偶遇 from one’s point of view 在某人看来 at opposed to 相反的(引导强对比) has trouble in doing sth 在某方面有麻烦 agree with = match check list 清单 tricky point 重要观点 the point (trouble ; fact ; problem ) is „ it is critic / important „ you must remember„以上为 重要句型提示重要信息,凡碰到这样的句型,必出考点 deal with = cope with = handle解决问题的处理方法 dramatically affects 具有影响 follow 跟随;遵循;得出结果 A is follow by B A被B跟随,即,B跟随A A follow B A跟随B get boiled down to 归结为 the notion that + 同位语从句,表示:观点 in the face of 在„前面 come through 经历 physical and mental 生理和心理 be face with = in the face of ;face up to(勇敢)面对,直面 somehow 或多或少 boredom 压抑 strain 紧张 up and down 来回波动,盛衰 wondering = want to know indifferent 漠视 suppose to = ought to 料想 recite 背诵 relies on依靠;reliant on=be dependent on=depend on=count on依靠;依赖 visual cues 视觉线索 considerably 大量的 considerate 体贴入微;考虑周到 out of your sight 没有被看到 in sight 被看到 warship 战舰 carrier 航母 battleship 战列舰 cruiser 巡洋舰 destroyer 驱逐舰 worship 崇拜 at some point 有时 immense 巨大 enrollment 登记 overlook 忽视 perspective 视野 tell sth from sth 区别 tell = distinguish 分别 tell A from B 将A与B区分开 take sth for granted 认为„是理所当然的 so forth = so on 等等 give weight to=attach importance to=place stress on更重视 every now and then = more after than not crash 冲突 make use of 利用 attain = acquire = obtain 获得 hold to 坚持 more often than = usually 通常 vacation 假期 vocation 职业 has nothing to do with 和„没有关系 put an end to 结束 stem from = derive from 来自于,来源于 hand in hand 手拉手 ;伴随 point to 指出 view sth as sth ensuring = make sure take advantage of 利用 take unfair advantage of 占便宜 instead of = rather than commerce 商业 prim = first 首要的,重要的 primitive 原始的 competition 竞争 appeal to 吸引力 be convinced to do sth / into doing sth be persuaded to do sth / into doing sth 事 negative and positive effects 正面和负面的影响 be convinced to 确信 objective adj. 客观的 n.目标 subjective 主观的 well off 富裕 while 引导让步状语从句,强对比 sb be better for sth 某人因„变的更好 in the long run 从长远看来 n the short term 从短期看来 overlook 忽视,忽略overhear偷听 over + 动词:过度„ tell sth from sth 区别 criteria importance to 重视 perspective 视野;角度 六级听力高频词汇 schedule 时间表 skip 跳,略过 make sense 讲得通,有意义 fall shorts of one’s expectation 出呼某人的意料 cater to 迎合,款待 被说服去做某 supervisor 监督者,管理者 speak highly of 评价高 a million things to do 许多事情要做 discount 折扣 coundn’t have played worse/couldn’t agree more 玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多同意一点了 I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受 go in one ear and out the other 一个耳朵听另一个耳朵出 distractions 分心 I wish I could help 但愿我能帮助 submit 屈从,忍受 staff/stuff n全体职员 vt为配备人员/材料 register 登记,注册 deadline 最后期限 benefit 受益 Are you kidding 你在开玩笑吗 credit 信用,信誉 otherwise 否则 budget your money 预算开支 put in(a lot hours) 花费,支出 it’s up to you 取决于你,由你决定 deserve(honor) 应受,应得,值得 maintenance man 维修工 stack of papers 很多文件 out of the way(remote) do with/do without 六级高频词组 abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守 be absent from„缺席,不在 absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引„的注意力(被动语态) absorbed in 全神贯注于„近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外 Without accident(=safely) 安全地, of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 in accord with 与„一致 out of one’s accord with 同„不一致 with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 on one’s own account ) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 ) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 ) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of „account 有„重要性 take„into account(=consider)把考虑进去 give sb an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明 on account of (=because of) 由于,因为 on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) accuse„of„(=charge„with; blame sb for sth ; blame sth on sb ; complain about) 指控,控告 be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于 be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 act on 奉行,按照„行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 adapt„(for) (=make sth Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除„外 adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 adjust(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) „的可能,留有„的余地 in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先 to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地 have an advantage over 胜过 have the advantage of 由于„处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb知道某人所不知道的事 take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用 agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 ahead of 在„之前, 超过„;„„„„„ ahead of time 提前 in the air )不肯定, 不具体 )在谣传中 above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的 in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎 allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于 answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对„负责 answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合 be anxious about 为„焦急不安; 或anxious for apologize to sb for sth 为„向„道歉 appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁 appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力 apply to sb for sth 为„向„申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用 apply to 与„有关;适用 approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt 批准 arise from(=be caused by) 由„引起 arrange for sb/sth to do sth 安排„做„ arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth done) 以„为羞耻 assure sb of sth (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth) 向„保证, 使„确信 attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 make an attempt at doing sth (to do sth) 试图做„ attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 attitude to/ toward „对„的态度看法 attribute„to„(=to believe sth to be the result of„)把归因于, 认为是的结果 on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道 at the back of (=behind) 在„后面 in the back of 在„后部(里面); on the back of 在„后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起 at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb) 支持,维护; have sb at one’s back 有„支持, 有„作 后台 turn one’s back on sb (=turn away from sb in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) be based on / upon 基于 on the basis of 根据„, 在„基础上 beat„at 在„运动项目上打赢 begin with 以„开始 to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以„名义 believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth/sb to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰 benefit (from) 受益,得到好处 for the benefit of 为了„的利益(好处) for the better 好转 get the better of (=defeat sb) 打败, 胜过 by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 blame sb for sth 因„责备某人 blame sth on sb 把„推在某人身上 in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 boast of (or about) 吹嘘 out of breath 喘不过气来 in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 in bulk 成批地,不散装的 take the floor 起立发言 on business 出差办事 be busy with sth于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 last but one 倒数第二 but for (=without) 要不是表示假设 buy sth for„money 用多少钱买 be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被„的 in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow) 无论如何 in case (=for fear that) 万一; in case of (=in the event of)如果发生„万一 in the case of 至于„, 就„而言 in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) be cautious of 谨防 center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在„上 be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定 for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 for a change换换环境(花样等) charge sb with „控告某人犯有„ in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of „由„管 take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) charge„for 因„索取(费用) , charge sb with sth 控告某人犯有„ round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 comment on 评论 commit oneself to 使自己承担„ commit sb to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论 in common (和„)有共同之处,共用 be common to sb 是与某人所共有的 keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和„要好 compare„with „把„与„比较 compare„to„把„比作„ by comparison 比较起来 in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和„比起来 compensate for (=give sth to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb for sth 赔偿,弥补 complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb about sth (or sb) 向某人抱怨„; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc) 遵守, 依从 conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想 concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心 be concerned with (=about) 与„有关 concern oneself about / with 关心 in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当„结束时; condemn sb to 判决 on condition that (=if)以„为条件, 假如 in that = because 因为; now that = since 既然 for all that = although 尽管 in / out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit) 健康状况好/不好 in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态 confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行 confide in (=to talk freely to sb about one’s secret) 对„讲真心话, 依赖 in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对„有信心 confidence in sb / sth 对„的信赖 be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的 confine„to„把„限制在某范围be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与„一致 be consistent in一贯的, consult sb on/ about sth 向„征求„方面的意见, 就„向„请教 to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快 be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth 愿意做某事 contrary to (=in opposition to) 与„相反 on the contrary 相反 contrast„with 把„与„相对(对照) in contrast to/with 和„形成对比 by contrast 对比之下 contribute to 有助于 under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制 at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 be convenient to / for 对„方便 convince sb of (=cause sb to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb)使某人确信,try to persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做„ cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理 in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境 correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信 correspond to 相当于 correspond with 符合,一致 at all costs不惜任何代价 at the cost of 以„为代价 a matter of course 理所当然的事 as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地 in (during) the course 在„过程中 in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候 on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb credit 使„感到光荣 be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的 cure sb of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病 a danger to对„的危险; be in danger(of)处于„危险中; be out of danger脱离危险 to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止 out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有) deal with (=concern) 论及 be in debt to sb 欠„的债 on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加 to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇; delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth)喜欢, 取乐 take (a) delight in 喜欢干„, 以„为乐 demand sth of sb 向某人要求(非物质的)东西 demand sth from sb 向某人要求(物质的)东西 in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时 be dependent on 依靠 deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人某物 derive„from(=obtain„from)从„取得,由„来的derive from(=come from)起源于 despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望 in despair 绝望 despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管 in detail 详细地 deviate from 偏离, 不按„办 on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食 differ from„in 与„的区别在于„ in difficulties„有困难,处境困难, discharge sb (from)„for (=dismiss sb from a job for) 因„解雇, 开除 fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪 on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉 beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议 in dispute 在争议中 in the distance 在远处 make out 辩认出 (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与„截然不同 distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别 distinguish„from 把„与„区别开 do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀 掉, 镇压 have„to do with 与„有关系 without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地 in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对„表示疑惑 be due to 是由于 come off duty 下班 go on duty 上班 be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时 be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one’s job or esp by conscience) 有义务(做) be eager for 想得到, 盼望 by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱 have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp in music and language)对有鉴赏力 a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话 on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然 with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力 at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束 put sb at his / her ease (=free sb from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束 economize on (=save sth instead of being wasteful) 节省 have an effect on 对„有影响 be in effect (=be in operation) 有效 go into effect 生效 ( 近: come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect) in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上 give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使„生效 to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果 (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效 to the effect that 大意是„,主要内容是„ to that effect 是那个意思的„ emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题意见等) place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在„上 encourage sb in 鼓励; encourage sb in his/her work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲 encourage sb in „with sth 用„鼓励某人做某事 on end (=continuously) 连续地 (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了 no end of (=very many/much) 很多,大量 in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终 at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to do or to say) 无法可想, 智穷计尽 end up with 以„而结束 come to and end (=finish) 结束 end in 以„为结束 engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事 enter for (=put the name on a list for)报名参加 enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等) enter on / upon (=begin) 开始 (一个时代一种涯一段任期等) be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth)有权„,有资格„ be equal to 等于 be/ feel equal to (=have enough strength, ability etc) (某人)能胜任,能应付 on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地 be equipped with 装备有,装有 (be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning) 相等于, 相当于 in essence (=in its/one’s nature) 本质上 at all events (=in spite of everything, in any case) 不论怎样, 无论如何 in any event (=whatever happens in the future) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样 in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果 in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用) in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生时 except 除„以外; besides 除„以外还有 except (=but) 除了 except for (=apart from) 除„以外 (an) exception to „的例外 with the exception of (=except, apart from) 除去„, 除„以外 in excess of (=more than) 超过 exchange„for 以„交换 exclusive of (=not taking into account; without) 不包括 in excuse of 作为„的借口 exert„on„对„施加„ exert oneself to do sth 努力,使劲 come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始 运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花; (be) in existence存在 come into existence 出现 expect„of 在„期望„ at the expense of在损害„情况下,以„为牺牲 expose„to„使暴露于„, 使„受(危险,风险) be exposed to„面临„, 受到„ beyond expression (=in a manner that cannot be expressed) 无法形容, 说不出的 give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现 to „extent 在„程度上 in the extreme (= extremely) 极其 look sb in the eye 正视, 打量(某人) close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见 in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中 in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间 keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视 in the eyes of in one’s eyes ( = in the judgment of ) 在某人看来, 在某人眼里 on the face of it (=judging by what one can see) 表面看来 in the face of 面对着(困难等情况) in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向 fail in (=be unsuccessful in) 失败 in good faith(=honestly, sincerely) 真诚地 keep faith with 对„守信用 lose faith in 对„失去信心 on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地 faithful to (=loyal to) 对„忠诚 fall into the habit (of) 养成„习惯 fall short of (=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc) 没达到, 低于 familiar with 熟悉, 了解 have a fancy for ( =like sth without the help of reason) (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要 take a fancy to (=become fond of) 喜欢 by far 远, 非常 (与比较级或最高级连用) far from 远远不是 far from 非但不„(而且) in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行 after the fashion (of) 依照„ find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病,对„吹毛求疵 at fault (=in the wrong, blamable)有错 in favour of 赞成 be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱; out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠 in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对有利 (be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的 fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb or sth) 为„担心 for fear of (=in case of; because of anxiety about) 以防, 由于怕 in fear of (=afraid for the safety of) 担心 feed (sb) on sth 靠吃„, 用„喂养 be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth dull) 厌烦, 腻了 feel like (=have a desire for) 想要 fill in 填写 fill out ( =fill in )填写 set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth remarkable)有突出成就 play with fire (=take great risks)干冒险事 set sth on fire(=set fire to sth)使着火,放火 at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见 for the first time 第一次 (作状语) in the first place 首先, 第一 fit into 刚好放入 fit in with ( = suit , fall into agreement) 合适, 相配, 一致 (be) fit for (=right and suitable for) 适合 focus on (=concentrate on) 集中在„上 focus sth on 把„集中在„上 be fond of 喜欢 (be) in force 有效 , 实施 go into force 开始生效 by force 靠武力, 强行 force„on 把„强加给„ in the form of 以„形式 be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气 free of charge 免费 be freed from 免受, 没有„ in front of 在„前面 in the front of 在„前部 furnish„with (=supply) 向„提供 in general (=in most cases, usually)通常 catch (or get) a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果) take a glance(or look) at看一眼(强调动作) be good for 对„有好处;对„有作用 be good at 擅长于; be good to 对„好 in good time(=early)早早地(做完到达等) for good (=for ever) 永远地, 长期地 take…for granted (=assume to be true) 把„认为理所当然的 be grateful to sb for sth 因„感谢某人 on the ground(s) fo (=because of) 由于„ fall to the ground (计划希望等)失败,落空 on one’s guard(against) 谨防, 警惕 (be) on guard 站岗 guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guard„against 警卫„防止 guess at 猜, 估计 by guess 靠猜 be guilty of 犯有„罪或过失 be in the habit of 习惯于 break off (a habit) 改掉(某种习惯) break sb of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯) get (fall) into the habit of养成了„的习惯 come to a halt (=stop) 停止; 停住 at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近) by hand 用手工(做) hand in glove(with) 狼狈为奸, 密切合作 in hand )在手边 )(=under control)控制住 in the hands of 由„掌握, 控制, 负责 live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃 at the head of 在„的前头 head for (=move towards) 向„方向前进 hear of (=know about) 听人说起, 听说过 at heart (=in reality) be honest in诚实 in one’s honour (or in honour of)祝贺,纪念 on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保 hope for 希望(某事发生),希望有 to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是 in a hurry (=hastily) 匆忙地 be identical with(=exactly alike)和完全相同 be identified with 被视为与„等同 in ignorance of 不知道„ be ignorant of ( = lacking knowledge) 对„不了解,不知道 (an) impact (on) 对„的强烈影响 impose„on 把„强加给 impress„on 给„留下印象 make (leave) an impression on sb =give sb an impression 给„留下印象 under the impression that有的印象,认为 improve sth(make sth better)把原物改进 improve on(=produce or be sth better than„) 另做一物比原物更好 improve in (=get better) 有改进, 好些 improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转 include„in 把„列在„里面 inclusive of 把„包括在inform sb of sth 通知, 告诉 be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的 insist on (=order sth to happen) 坚持要 instead of (=in place of) 代替,而不是„ instruct„in (=teach) 教指导训练某人„ insure„for 把„保险(多少钱); ensure 使安全; assure„(of) 使„确信,保证 insure„against 保险„以防 intend„for 打算把„给 (be) intent on 专心致志, 坚决 in the interests of 符合„的利益 be interested in 对„感兴趣 interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰 at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离 intervene in 干预 invest in 投资 be involved in (=become connected or concerned) 卷入, 参加 by itself (=alone, without help)单独地,靠自己 in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然 be jealous of 妒忌 jump at (=to be eager to accept)抢着接受, jump on (=scold, tell of) 叱责 junior to sb 年纪较„轻, 职位较„低 (be) keen on 喜爱, 渴望 keep a close watch on ( =keep a sharp lookout for) 密切注视 keep„to oneself(=keep secret)不告诉别人 to(the best of) one’s knowledge 据„所知 at large(=at liberty, free) 在逃, 逍遥法外 at large(=in general) 一般来说, 大体上 at large(=at full length; with details)详细地 lean against (背)靠着„ at least 至少; at most 至多 (not) in the least 一点(也不), 丝毫(也不) at one’s leisure 在„有空的时候 lend itself/themselves to适合于(某用途) at length (=after a long time, at last)终于 at length (=in detail, thoroughly)详细地 go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量 be liable to (=be subject to)易于的,应受(罚) be liable for 对„应负责任的 lie in 在于 in life 一生中 for life 终身 in the light of (=considering; taking into account) 考虑到, 根据 throw light on ( = make clear, explain) 使„更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明 in line with(=in agreement with)符合,一致 long for(=want very much)渴望,希望得到 for long 很久,很长时间(否定句疑问句中) before long (=soon)不久, 过了不久以后 in the long run (=in the end)从长远来说,最后; in the short term (从短期来说) (be) at a loss 不知所措 major in 主修(某课程) as a matter of fact 实际上, 事实是 by all means (=at all costs)不惜一切 (=certainly) 当然行;by means of用„; by no means 完全不, 决不 on memory of 为纪念„ on the mend (=in the process of recovering) 好转, 在康复中 mention sth to sb 向某人提起 某事 at the mercy of (=in the power of) 任„摆布, 在„支配下 be in a mess 乱七八糟, 处境困难 make a mess of 弄乱, 打乱 bear(or keep)„in mind(=remember)牢记 bring(or call)to mind(=remember)使回想起 by mistake(由于粗心,健忘原因而)错误地 at the moment (=now) 此刻,现在 for the moment (=for the time being)暂时 just a moment 稍等片刻 at the last moment 在最后一刻 in the mood for 有情绪去做,有心境做 no more„than 和„一样都不„ for the most part 多半,大多数,一般来说 at (the) most 最多, 至多 make the most of 充分利用 be not much of(=not a good)不是很好的„ be something of 有点„,像„ name after 用„的名字命名 native to 所产的 by nature 天生的, 生来 in mature 本质上 (be) in the nature of 属„性质 none other that 不是别人,正是„ above normal 高于正常(温度) for nothing (=free, without payment)免费 nothing but 只有, 不过„而已 to say nothing of(=not to mention)更不用说„ do sth at short notice 只给很少时间准备 until further notice 在另行通知前 take notice of (=pay attention) 注意 object to (=be opposed to) 反对 objection to (接动名词) 反对 on occasion(=now and then)不时地,必要时 by occasion of (=because of) 由于 occupy oneself with (in) 忙于(某事) it occurs to sb that„某人想到„ once and for all =once and forever永远地 all at once (=suddenly, now) 立即,马上 once in a while (=occasionally) 偶尔 (just) for once 就这一次 (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) operate on sb 给某人做手术 operation n come/ go into operation开始运转 put/bring sth into operation 使„投产,运转 be of the opinion 持有„的看法 in one’s opinion 按某人的看法 be opposed to„反对„ be opposite to 与„相反的 (be) in order(=acceptable)合适的,恰当的 in order 井井有条,处于良好状态; out of order(=in bad condition)出毛病,发生故障 made to order 定做的(衣服) originate in/from(=begin)起源于,由引起 on the outskirts (of) 在城郊 owe„to 把„归于„ on one’s own (=along, without help)单独 of one’s own某人自己的 keep pace with 跟„齐步前进 go to great pains=take pains 下功夫,努力 part with (=give up, sell) 舍弃,卖掉 participate in (=take part in)参加 (be) particular about 讲究,挑剔(吃,穿) in particular (=especially) 特别是,尤其 (a) passion for 对„的热爱,热情 be patient with 对„耐心 pay for 赔偿, 付款, 报偿, 处罚 pay„for 付„的钱 (be) at peace with 与„和睦相处 in peace (=peacefully)安静,平安 peculiar to„特有的, 独具的 penalty for 对„的处罚,罚金 perform on the piano(=play the piano) 演奏钢琴 persist in 坚持,固执 in person 亲自, 当面 in place (in right or proper place) 放在应放的地方 in place of (=instead of) 代替 take(a) pleasure in 喜欢做某事 be on the point of doing sth (=be about to do sth) 刚要去做 beside the point 不切正题,无关紧要 come to the point 谈主要问题 there is no point in doing sth没必要做某事 to the point 中肯, 切题 point at (=indicate, direct attention)指着 point out (=indicate, show) 指出,指明 popular with/among大众所喜爱的,拥戴 in the position of 处在„位置上 in practice 实际上(状语);业务熟练(表语) be(get) out of practice 荒疏,不熟练 bring(put)„into practice使„成为现实 prefer„to„ (choose rather, like better) 宁要, 更喜欢 prepare for breakfast 准备吃早饭 prepare breakfast 作早饭 in the presence of 在„在场的情况下 for the present(=for the time being, for now)暂且,就现在来说; at present现在,此刻 preside over / at 主持(会议,业务等) prevail over 占优势, 压倒, 战胜 prevent„from 使„不, 防止„做 previous to (=prior to) 在„之前 take pride in(=pride oneself on) 以„自豪 pride oneself on / upon 以„自豪 in principle (=only in regard to the main idea) 原则上 prior to (=before) 在„之前 in private (=privately) 私下, 秘密地 in public 公开地 proceed from (=arise from, result from) 由„发出, 由„引起(产生) proceed with=begin and continue sth继续进行 in progress(=in the state of be done)进行中 prohibit„from (=forbid) 禁止, 阻止 in proportion to 与„成比例 protect„from 阻止不受,保护不受 be proud of 为„自豪 provide for 为„做准备 in public 公开地, 当众 on purpose(=by intention, deliberately)故意 to the purpose (=useful for one’s purpose)得要领的, 中肯的 be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某种职业上合格 call„in question 对„表示怀疑 beyond(all)question=without question毫无疑问 out of the question (=impossible)不可能的 in question (=under discussion)所谈及的; without question 毫无疑问 be caught in the rain 被雨淋了 at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地 range over (=cove, include) 范围包括 range between 范围在与之间不等 at any rate (=at all events)无论如何,总之 beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解) out of reach of 无法够到 within reach of (or within one’s reach) 够得到,能拿到 react to 对„作出反应 react on / upon 对„产生影响 react against 作出反抗或反对反应 (be) ready for 准备好做„ in reality (=in fact, really) 事实上 beyond all reason 没有道理的 by reason of (=because of) 由于,因为 it stands to reason that „理所当然 reason with (=argue) 劝说 in the red 亏损,负债,赤字 (be) get out of red 不再亏损 refer to„as 把„称做„ refer„to„ (=send, take) 送交,呈交 with/in reference to(=concerning, about)关于 with/in regard to (=concerning)有关,关于 give one’s regards to sb 向„问候 regardless of (=without worrying about, despite, in spite of) 不顾,不考虑 in/with relation to 关于, 有关 relevant to 与„有关的 to one’s relief 令„感到放心的是 relieve„of„解除,解脱;帮助拿,辞退 rely on 依靠, 信赖 remark on(upon) 对„发表评论 remedy for 对„治疗法, 补救, 药物 remind sb of 提醒某人„,使某人向想起 in good repair(=in good condition)处于良好状态; be under repair 在修理中 reply to 答复, 回答 beyond reproach不受责备的;beyond(all) reason毫无道理;beyond question毫无疑问;beyond belief以相信;beyond hope绝望 resort to 诉诸于, 求助于„ resort to force 诉诸于武力 in/with respect to (=concerning)有关,关于 respond to 对„反应, 响应, 对(药)有效 in response to(=as an answer to)回答,反应 be response for 对„负责, 是造成„原因 rest on/upon(=be supported by)依靠,寄托 rest with (=be in hand of) 在„手中, 是„的责任; 由„决定; 依靠 restrain„from(=hold back from)抑制不 restrict„to(=keep within limits)把限制于 result in (=cause) 导致 with the result that 其结果是 in return (for) 作为报答; 以报答(for) get rid of 摆脱, 去掉, 除去 be in the right正确的;in the wrong错误的 be within one’s rights(to do) 有权(做) give rise to (=lead to) 引起, 导致 at the risk of(=with danger of)冒的风险 run(take)risk of (=do sth dangerous)的风险 rule out (=exclude, eliminate) 排除 in safety 安全地 for the sake of ( =for the good or advantage of ) 为了„起见 be for sale 待售 on sale (=offered to be sold) 出售, 上市 be satisfied with 满意 on a large scale 大规模地 on schedule(=at the planned or exacted time)按时,准时;ahead of schedule提前; in advance预 先;behind schedule落后于计划进度,晚于规定时间 be schedule for 定在某时(进行) scrape through(in) 勉强通过 from scratch(=from the beginning)从头开始 in search of 寻找;in honor of 为了表示敬意; in behalf of为„的利益;in favor of 为赞成„;in support of 为支持„ in season 旺季 in secret 秘密地; in private 私下 senior to 比„年长; junior to 比„轻; superior to 比„更好; inferior to 比„差 in a sense 在某种意义上 sensitive to 对„敏感; sensible (of)觉察到的; sensational耸人听闻的 in sequence 按顺序, 按先后次序 share in (=have a share in) 分摊, 分担 share sth with 与„分享,分担,分摊,共用 be shocked at / by 对„感到震惊 fall short of 达不到 go short of (=be without enough of) 缺乏 for short (in a short form) 为简便,简称 in short (=in a few words, in brief)简称 in short supply 供应不足 be short of (=lacking enough)缺乏,不够 be shy of 难为情, 不好意思 at the side of 与„相比 take the side of 站在„一边 catch the sight of (=see for a moment)瞥见 at the sight of 一看见„ (be)in sight (=in view, visible) 看得见 out of sight 看不见 know sb by sight 与„只面熟 on the sly (=secretly) 偷偷地 smell of 有„的气味 be sorry about/for 懊悔的,后悔的,难过的 speak ill of 说„的坏话; speak well of 说„的好话 specialize in 专门研究, 专攻 in spite of (=despite) 尽管 on the pot(=at the place of the action)在现场, 在出事地点; 或(=at once) 立即 take a stand against 采取某种立场反对 take a stand for 采取某种立场支持„ stare at 目不转睛地看, 凝视, 盯着 in step 步伐一致; out of step 步伐不齐 stick sth on 把„贴在„上 stick to 粘着, 坚持 stick at (=continue to work hard at)继续勤奋地致力于„;stick one’s work坚持工作; stick at one’s books 勤奋读书 stick to (=refuse to leave or change)坚持; stick to one’s promise 比喻食言 stick to one’s friend 忠于朋友 in stock 有„货 be strict with 对„严格要求 be/go on strike 罢工 subject„to(=cause„to experience)使受到 subject (adj) to 易受到„的 submit„to 提交 substitute„for 以„代替„ suffer from 患„病; 受„苦痛 be suitable for (=fit) 合适„的 in sum 大体上, 总之 二、写作 六级写作必背短语 1. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 2. God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者 3. Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。4. Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 5. One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘,谬之千里。 6. Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。 8. Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。 9. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息,聪明孩子也变傻。 10. Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。 11. More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。 12. It’s never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。 13. All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 14. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15. Look before you leap.三思而后行。 16. Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。 17. Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 18. well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。 19. It is hard to please all.众口难调。 20. Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见,心不念。 21. Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。 22. Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。 23. First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。 24. Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。 25. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 26. live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。 27. Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。 28. East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 29. It’s not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。 30. Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。 31. Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。 32. The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。 33. Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。 34. An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 35. AS the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。 36. To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习,学习为了更好的活着。 六级写作25个加分句型 一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) ~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...) 例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否 认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...) 例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...) 例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问 的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...) 例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...) 例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...) 例句:So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...) 例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~(愈...愈...) 例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力,你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。 十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..) 例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..) 例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...) 例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了) 例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是 有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...) 例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...) 例句:There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...) 例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既 然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的) It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的) It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的) 例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因) 例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来,...一直...) 例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。 例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中,他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。) 例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on (以...为基础) 例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的) 例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 英语写作常用句型 (一)段首句 1. 关于„„人们有不同的观点。一些人认为„„ There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说(常言道)„„,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,„„,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,„„; 其次,„“。更为糟糕的是„„。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在,„„很普遍,许多人喜欢„„,因为„„,另外(而且) „„。 Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,„„也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于„„人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)„„,在他们看来,„„ People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. „„已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. „„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发 一些严重的问题。 _____ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显然„„, 但是为什么呢, According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why? (二)中间段落句 1. 相反,有一些人赞成„„,他们相信„„,而且,他们认为„„。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____. 2. 但是,我认为这不是解决„„的好方法,比如„„。最糟糕的是„„。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___. 3. „„对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,„„。而且„„,最重要的 是„„ ______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First,______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以„„。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______ 5. 面临„„,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来„„。一方面„„,另一方面, Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another,______ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说„„,另外„„。所有这些方法肯定会„„。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example._____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______. 7. 为什么„„,第一个原因是„„;第二个原因是„„;第三个原因是„„。总的来说,„„的主要原因 是由于„„ Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______. 8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,„„也有它的不利的一面,象„„。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______. 9. 尽管如此,我相信„„更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ____________is more advantageous 六级作文万能公式 开头万能公式一:名人名言 A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 开头万能公式二:数字统计 原理:要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但 编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。 According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则” 一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人～写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以 起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题: As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此 可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉,牢记～ 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一 个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部 分妙笔生辉～文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感～相信各位读过 一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂～不知所云～所以奉劝 各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事～ 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的～ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点„如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因:俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因:俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因:俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因:俗) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 四、短语优先原则 写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办,用短语是一个办法～比如: I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 五、多实少虚原则 原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: 走出房间，general的词是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩～ 六、多变句式原则 1)加法(串联) 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比 如说: I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式: Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2)转折(拐弯抹角) 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点， 这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要 点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语:despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3)因果(so, so, so) 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了， 然后我们成为了朋友„可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以 然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系～ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语:then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重) 有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可 如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让 考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 举例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: When to go, Why he goes away„ 5)附加(多此一举) 如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见 过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位 语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前 的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先 行词之前。 6)排比(排山倒海句) 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你 引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如 此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势～ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可～ 七、挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀～ 原理:在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟 的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不 然。比如: The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪～ 文章主体段落三大杀手锏 一、举实例 思维短路，举实例～提出一个观点，举实例～提出一个，举实例～而且者也是我们揭 示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例 子～ In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 更多句型: To take „ as an example, One example is„, Another example is„, for example 二、做比较 方法:写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的; 世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的 相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 相似的比较:in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with „, „ 三、换言之 没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充 分的理解你的观点。 实际就是重复重复再重复～下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我们举过的例子: I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. 因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. 更多短语:in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply 文章开头句型 1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于 有争议性的主题.例如(e.g) [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. [2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...) [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether..... 1-2 现象法 :引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. ----- To be continued ! 1-3 观点法 :开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g: [1]. Never history has the change of ..been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than... [2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that... [3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 1-4 引用法: 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . "Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. [2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......". 1-5 比较法 : 通过对过去,现在两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . [2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new. 1-6 故事法:先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. [3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 1-7 问题法:先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ... But in my opinion , ...... . 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析 1-1. 基本原因:分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: [1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ... [2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing...For another...... Still another ... [3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to .... 1-2 另一原因 :在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g: [1]. Another important factor is .... [2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for ..... 1-3 后果影响 :分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . e.g: [1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on.... [2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........ 比较对照句型 2-1. 两者比较:比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点 的时候用 ! e.g: [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. [2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 2-2 .两者相同/相似:比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用! e.g: [1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that..... [2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B. 文章结尾形式 1-1 结论性:通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . e.g: [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ..... [2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable ....... 1-2 后果性:揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. e.g: [1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of ....... [2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger. 1-3 号召性 : 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g: [1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ...... [2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 1-4 建议性:对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is ..... [2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 1-5 方向性的结尾方式:其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或 者指明前景. e.g: [1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . [2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but ..might be helpful/benefical. [3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........ 1-6 意义性的结尾方式: 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要 性以及其深远的意义! e.g: [1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit ..... [2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .. 六级作文预测 志愿者活动 1. 越来越多的人从事志愿者工作 2. 志愿者工作的社会意义 3. 作为大学生，应该怎么做 范文: In recent years, the volunteering spirit has spread among the Chinese people, especially among youngsters. According to a survey, in 2008, there were about 1,700,000 volunteers who offered service for Olympic Games. Actually, an increasing number of people become volunteers every year in China. Volunteering actions are of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society. Olympic Games are a good example. As is known to all, volunteers played an active role in Beijing Olympic Games. Without them, it would be a tough task to hold this un-precedent Olympic Games. Therefore, we can say that it was those volunteers who ensured the success of these games. As modern college students, we should get actively involved in volunteering activities. By participating, we can learn how to work well in a team, how to improve our interpersonal skills and organizational ability. Undoubtedly, all of these are critical for our person growth. So, we should take this chance to learn and to grow. (161words) 书信:毕业时就业还是上研究生 假如你是李明，你的朋友石头来信咨询你的毕业之后的计划，考研还是就业，请根据自己 的情况写封回信告知石头你的态度，并说明理由。 范文: Dear Shitou, So great to recieve your letter on May 1st, in which you inquired about my plan after graduation. Now, I am writing to illustrate it and my accounts. As is known to all, so many graduates are eager to set feet on their work-life roads. According to a survey by National Department of Education, more than six million college students will leave the so called “Ivory Tower” this year. It is clear that the competition of job-hunting will be extremely furious. On the contrary, it seems advisable for me to further my study and get a master’s degree. What makes me convinced is that a higher degree and better educational background will, undoubtedly, enable me to make full preparation for entering the society. Besides, if possible, I will get involved in social and practical activities in my spare time. Taking all aspects into account, I choose to study as a postgraduate. Many thanks for your concern. Best wishes! (160) 大城市就业还是小城镇 1. 很多的大学生毕业后留在大城市工作; 2. 也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯; 3. 结合自己的实际情况谈谈自己的想法。 范文: Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when starting his career. A large number of college graduates prefer to stay in big cities,which mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development. At the same time, higher salary is another temptation. But some other graduates intend to start in small towns. Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and less competitive life. Another reason is that they can be a big fish in a small pond. They can easily get the management’s attention and may win promotion earlier. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a metropolis like Shanghai. A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures. I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks. 培训学校 1.当前，社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校; 2.私立学校的利与弊; 3.你的看法。 范文: It can be noticed that a large number of private schools or training organizations become a new landscape in education. When you read newspapers, when you watch TV, when you walk on the road, you will inevitably see lots of advertisements about private schools. There are private schools mainly dealing with foreign languages, computers, music and sports. However, is it a good or bad thing to have so many private schools? As a coin has two sides, so are the private schools. On the one hand, private schools can meet the special needs of the society or the particular requirements of people. On the other hand, they often bring people extra burden because of comparison and competition. When asked to decide whether we should have a society without private schools or a society with private schools, I will not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. Although attending a training course will result in the extra cost or burden, it is of tremendous merits in preparing my work and cultivating my skills. 明星代言 1. 明星代言现象很普遍。 2. 明星代言广告存在一些问题。 3. 我的看法。 Celebrities as the products’ spokesmen In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars, to be spokesmen or representatives for a wide variety of products. Celebrities’ advertisements can be easily found on the Internet, televisions, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings. There are, however, some problems for celebrities and the consumers. To begin with, before representing, a star may know nothing about the product. Thus, consumers may be misled. Even worse, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality, even for fake commodities. In the case of Sanlu, the public image of stars involved was spoiled. Last but not least, the high income of advertising does not deserve their labor, which widens the gap between the poor and the rich. From my point of view, it is high time that measures were taken to eliminate the demerits. Firstly, laws should be worked out to regulate celebrities’ advertising. Secondly, stars should be required to tell the truth to the public. Only by doing so can stars be trusted by their fans and can consumers benefit.(183) 职业选择 1. 职业的选择很重要 2. 如何明智的选择自己的职业 3. 你的职业选择。 Every individual faces the problem of choosing an occupation after graduating from university, which is of great importance in one’s whole life. An appropriate occupation makes a man work with vigor and zest. Besides, it is beneficial for both the individual and the country. To make an advisable choice, a graduate should take into account at least two aspects, namely, individual’ interest and the demand of the society. Only when the two aspects are connected, can a man show his ability and talent to the best advantage. If the two factors conflict, the former, in most cases, should give way to the latter, for it is interests that stimulate one’s vigor and potentials. In regard to my choice in the future, I want to work as an interpreter. I am keen on learning foreign languages, English in particular. Moreover, in the contemporary society, international exchange in economy and culture has been growing significantly. However, competent interpreters are far from enough. So I am determined to be a qualified interpreter. 关掉你的手机 1、手机给我们的生活带来了便利。 2、但是手机铃声也会影响其他人。 3、在某些场合请关掉你的手机。 Turn off Your Cell Phone With the development of information techno1ogy and reduced price of communication products, the mobi1e phone has become a necessity for most people. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. Thanks to the cell phone, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings，great deals or admirable opportunities. However，have you noticed sometimes the cell phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the cell phone to his ear and shouting 1oud1y in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had such an experience that the cell phone ring continuous1y on a formal occasion. Perhaps these people have many 1ife-and-death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing. So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious occasion. It’s a respect for both others and yourself. 考研热潮 1、目前很多人报考研究生。 2、我认为形成这股热潮的原因是„„ The Post-graduate Craze Each year, millions of college students will sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students have regarded the pursuing of a master degree as an indispensable part of their education. What is to account for their enthusiasm for a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what you have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Talents of high quality who are equipped with the latest knowledge and skill will be needed more than ever. That is why many students will further their studies. Second, we all recognize that the more education you have, the more likely you are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, masters will enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, more opportunities for promotion and training. A post-graduate degree can guarantee a more promising career. Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher degree. No wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree. 对流行音乐的看法 1、有人认为流行音乐不能登大雅之堂。 2、有人认为音乐无高低贵贱之分，只有兴趣上的差别。 3、我认为„„ My Idea of Pop Music Pop music is held I contempt by many people. In these people’s eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to "lofty music". The latter refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern for the fact that many people prefer pop music to symhonies, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music. Conversely, many people have an ordor for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symhonies are advocating a kind of "elite culture". This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they don’t believe that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe. In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the "lower" people whereas symphonies in a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed symphonies. And we can’t expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group of a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but it also has something universal, something that belongs to all human beings, that underlies its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some peopleof media to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable 三、听力 一.以What为提问词引导的问句 1.问”什么含义” What does the man imply? What does the woman’s answer suggest? What does the woman say about..(共出现32次) 2.问”从对话中能获得什么信息或结论” What can we learn/know about the man? What do we know from the woman’s reply? What can be inferred about„(共出现37次) 3.问”做什么” What does the man promise to do? (共出现14次) 4.问”对某人或某事有什么看法’ How does the man feel about„ (出现4次) 小结:在短对话部分,考查最多的是WHAT类的提问,其中细节的考查相对较少,推断型的相对较多一些. 二.常见考题类型 1原因与结果题 特征:1.至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果,通常有好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果 2.选项中可能出现can’t, not be able to, too„.to, have to等词或词组. 3.文章承上启下的作用的信息句 a.表示文章顺序与层次的句子,一般由first, second, in the end, in addition, furthermore, finally 引导. b.表示意思转折的句子,一般由but, however, on the contrary, instead, unfortunately, however, yet, although, nevertheless等词引导 c.表示因果关系的句子,一般由because, since, for, thus, as a result等引导 2.职业与身份题 特征:大部分情况下,选择项是有固定格式的,要么是4个不同的职业,要么是4个不同身份的人 短语:a little out of the way 有点远 三.长对话应试技巧 注意:问答形式的对话是考试重点,往往落在其答语上.并且不是每一组问答都是重点,作为考试重点的几组问题之间的关联性是不大的.换句话说,第一个问题考查了文章的主旨,第二个问题开始分别考查对话中所呈现的几方面问题.其中每一个方面选择一个最重要的问题来考查.并且部分长对话还秉承了短文理解的一个重要的考查方式,就是在对话的开头部分一定会出题目 方法:1.话题与场景的判断----第一句话中的核心词汇揭示答案 在长对话中,寒暄过后的第一句话一般起到引出话题的作用,很可能是对话的主题所在,也是回答主旨,话题以及场景题的依据,正确的答案往往是核心词汇的重现,同义词,或者是由该单词所得出的自然的推论. 2.细节题---听到什么选什么 与短对话的区别就在于,短对话中一般采用的原则是听到什么就不选什么,而长对话恰恰相反,它考查的重点是那些含有实际意义的问答内容,尤其是特殊疑问句 3.根据结尾处的核心词汇锁定答案 长对话中一个出题规律就是在结尾处,针对将要做什么.或者提出什么建议进行提问.因此答题的关键就在于锁定结尾处的核心词 四.场景分析 1.教务场景解题思路:教务人员描述各项事务的细节问题,时间,地点,计划推迟或变更的原因等往往是考查的重点 2.选课场景解题思路:学生觉得课程太难,负荷太重 3.补课场景解题思路:场景人物一般是同学之间的补课,在补课过程中,一方会有一些问题,而另外一方将一一给予澄清 4.论文场景解题思路:场景人物一般是教授与学生,或者学生之间进行讨论.论文的题目难以确定,资料太难找,题目太偏,查不到资料,题目太大,要找的资料太多,太杂. 5.体育场景解题思路:目的不在于比赛,而是好玩,健身,交友.一些运动,如CYCLING,往往是以TEAM,CLUB或者ASSOCIATION的形式存在的 6.租房场景解题思路:学生一般倾向与找价格地的房子,所以房子的条件一般比较差.经常会出现一些毛病,由于房子紧张.找房子,租房子的过程往往很不容易 7.吃饭场景解题思路:往往在吃饭过程中,遇到等待时间过长,饭菜不如意等提出投诉,得到赔偿等 8.工作相关类解题思路:应聘者介绍自己的情况,如:教育背景,特长等,聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质,工资待遇以及上下班时间 9.采访座谈解题思路:被访者在某一方面或几方面比较成功,访问者就其某一方面的成就提出问题.并由被访问者谈体会或经验,提出以后的计划等. 应试技巧:注意重复的词语,他们通常会给你一些线索,还会帮助你回忆你在题目中听过的名称,注意各个选项中的不同点,注意一些不同的名字,地点,以及不同的动词 五:命题研究 方法:注意集中精力听好短文开头.因为4级喜欢把中心置于文章的开头.文中反复出现同一单词或同一类单词,也值得注意,包含与这类单词的选项能较好的体现中心,通常是正确答案.文中一旦出现以因果连词(because, so, due to,等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的 句子也要格外留心,这些地方往往是考点. 抓数字时间 1.出现年代,时间,数字中的任何一种,文章中的数字时间肯定是考试重点 2.文章中出现2个以上的数字时间,该句肯定含有答案 3.数字时间定位包括年代定位和过去现在对比定位2种形式 4.数字时间和比较级最高级组合在一起的时候,或是数字时间出现在文章的开始和结束时,答案肯定在附近. 注意:推理判断题的问法有:What does the speaker most concerned about? 六.复合式听写应试技巧 特点:名词的单复数问题一直是复合式听写考查名词的一个重点 方法:第一遍:全文朗读,填空处无停顿,以听为主,借助文字材料理解和把握全篇内容和脉络,:顺便填写有把握的单词,记一点笔记 第二遍:尽量记住所听的句子的各个意群,并快速记下. 第三遍:着重弥补为听清的部分,并检查有无错误,要写完整的句子,而不是单个词或短语 注意:1.某个单词为听清,或拼写不出,没有把握,可换词或改变表达方式.要尽量忠实的表达文章的意思而不出现语言错误.句子较长而无法准确抓住每个词,应力争听懂句意,记下要点和关键词语,然后试着用自己的话表达,关键词一般为实词,如名词,动词,形容词,副词等. 2.转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化，回答通常是:Sounds great, Sounds a lot of fun, but„.. 3.尾词对于解题起着很大的干扰作用,答题时应多加小心 听力的提问方式的常见4种类型 1.主题思想题例如:what is the best title for this passage? 方法:听好短文的开头和文中反复出现的同一词汇或同一类词汇，因为包含这类词汇的选项能较好的体现中心思想，其通常为正确答案。 2.事实细节题考查细节包括:具体时间，地点，主要人物或事件，各种数字等。 方法:出现时间，数字时要特别敏感，因果连词(because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外注意。 3.对错判断题一般情况下，not一词会重读。 4.推理推测题例如:what does the speaker most concerned about? 方法:要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。 四、快速阅读 方法:先略读,目的在于快速了解文章的中心思想.首先看下标题,接着读第一段,抓住中心思想,在浏览一下其他段落的首句和末句.最后读完结尾段.接着进行寻读,重点在于有目标的去找出文中某些特定的信息. 注意:1.快速阅读如果没有小标题,就需要快速浏览第一段的第一句话和最后一句话,以及后面每个段落的第一句来了解文章主要内容. 2.命题点包括:时间.人物,地点,因果关系,比较关系,条件关系,目的,方式等. 3.时间关系的词或者短语:meanwhile, prior to等 目的关系的词或者短语:so as to等 方式,条件关系的词或者短语:through, though等 比较关系的词或者短语:be like, contrary to, by contrast以及形容词和副词的比较级与最高级等 因果关系的词或者短语:owing to, result from, be responsible for等 4.对于句子填空,在准确定位后,仔细对照原文与提干所缺的部分来概括组织答案,注意内容和形式的准确性. 5.一般设置答案都为3个Y,3个N,一个NG. 理解:NG题:文章中给予的信息不够充分,无法作出判断. N题:与原文信息不符,根据原文信息可以判断出题干的表述与原文不一致,而NG是原文根本没有相关信息的支持. (注意:作题时要判断提干是对原文的同义替换还是透换概念,或者与原文根本不相干.) 方法:常见的是非判断标准 1.与文章主题相符的陈述,判断一定为Y,反之一定为N,不可能为NG 2.偏离文章话题的句子,判断为NG 3.符合常识的陈述,只能判断其不是N,仍需要进一步判断文章是否谈及,如谈及则Y,否则NG 4.不符合常识的陈述,只能判断其不是Y,如果文章提及则是N,否则为NG 5.原文所涉及的范围概括广泛,题目中则将其具体化,判断为NG 6.现实与观点二者不可混合,如果原文和题目分别对应的是观点和事实,则只能判断为NG 五、阅读理解 形容词的选择和使用 1.在BE动词或系动词后，可以选择使用形容词做表语，即be/link v. adj. 2.副词可以修饰形容词，如果空格前是副词，也可以考虑空格处是否应为形容词。 例如:however, weather experts are still not completely ----- what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. 解释:本句缺少的是ARE的表语，因为空格前有副词completely，可排除空格处为名词的 可能性，空格处应为形容词或动词的分词形式。 副词的选择和使用 如果空格处所在的句子有完整的主语和谓语，这时应该考虑此处是否需要一个副词，可以 被用来修饰该动词的一种程度状态。如果空格处所在的句子结构完整(不缺少必要成分)， 所需的只会是定语或者状语之类的辅助成分。例如副词可以作为辅助成分。 分词的选择和使用 1(过去分词可以用作形容词，表示其修饰的那个名词是一种被动发生或者已经发生的事 情。 2(现在分词可以被用作形容词，表示其修饰的名词为一种主动的或者正在发生的事情。 上 下文语境巧记活用 1(利用篇章主题确定词义范围与色彩 例如:after intensive research, scientists have concluded that politicians lie. In a study described in Britain’s Observer newspaper, Glen Newey, a political scientist at Britain’s University of Strathclyde, concluded that lying is an important part of ------in the modern democracy. 解释:根据上文提到的内容与politician, political, democracy等词，可推断本话题是“政治”， “政治制度“等。如果词库提供的名词有politics, journalists, affairs, mechanism, risk等，很明 显，与主题密切相关的应为politics. 2.利用各句之间的逻辑关系确定词义范围与色彩 并列关系:and also, likewise, similarly 递进关系:additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition 因果关系:since, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, due to, now that, such„.that 转折关 系:otherwise, whereas, nevertheless, by contrast, unfortunately 让步关系:nevertheless 条件关系:in case (of)