研究生核心英语1第八套试卷参考答案

核心英语期终模拟试题（四） 答案 Part 1  Translation （30%） Directions: Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. (10%) 1. Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. Answer: 让没有掌握本领的学生通过考核，既欺骗了学生自己也欺骗了期望毕业生拥有基本技能的雇主。 2. Meanwhile, my two sisters and I, who lived in three different cities, were united once again in a hospital waiting room. Answer: 与此同时，我和两个妹妹原本都生活在三个不同的城市，这时却在医院的等候室里再次相聚了。 3. Each executive raised his right hand and solemnly swore to tell the whole truth about his business. Answer：每位总裁举起右手，郑重宣誓要对从事的业务实话实说。 4. Perhaps each individual contribution is small, but the scale of the internet multiplies all efforts dramatically. Answer：个人的力量也许很渺小，但是因特网的规模使得众人的力量无限放大。 5. It seems that the Enlightenment brought forth unparalleled liberty in economic, social and political life, but we are now undergoing a midlife crisis. Answer：启蒙运动带给我们无可比拟的经济、社会以及政治生活的自由，而我们现在正经受着“中年”危机。 Directions: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. (10%) 1. 各个年龄的人都能克服他们的问题，可他们需要一个这样做的理由。 Answer：People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. 2. 一个沉闷的秋天早晨，大雨无情地倾泻在西雅图市，妈妈被收进瑞典肿瘤研究所。 Answer：On a drab autumn morning, as sheets of rain relentlessly poured over Seattle, Mom was admitted to the Swedish Cancer Institute. 3. 既然大家都知道香烟在一定程度上有危害，抽烟与否从根本上说是个人的选择和责任问题，责任不在烟草公司。 Answer：since everyone knew cigarettes were dangerous at some level, smoking was essentially an issue of personal choice and responsibility rather than a corporate one. 4. 这是因为成百上千的编程员通过电子邮件或网络就一项目全力协作相对来说要容易些。 Answer：it’s relatively easy for a thousand programmers to collectively contribute to a project using e-mail and the internet. 5. 人们身心的健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。 Answer：Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies. Directions: Translate the following passage from English to Chinese. (5%) As I teach, I learn a lot about our schools. Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had in school. No writers' block here! "I wish someone would have had made me stop doing drugs and made me study." "I liked to party and no one seemed to care." "I was a good kid and didn't cause any trouble, so they just passed me along even though I didn't read and couldn't write." And so on. Answer：我在教学的过程中，了解到许多关于我们学校的事情。早在每届会议上，我要求我的学生写他们在学校不愉快的经历。没有作家块在这里！ “我希望有人会不得不让我停止吸毒，让我学习。”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没有人关注。”“我是个好孩子，并没有造成任何麻烦，所以他们让我通过考试，即使我没有读好，不能写”。等等。 Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese to English. (5%) 制定恰当的规章是指创设激励机制并排除障碍来重建整个社会体系，这样，社会的各个层面都能依此做出适当选择。以环境为例，人人都认为当地更洁净的环境会有助于改善人们的身心健康。通过订立为碳付出代价并鼓励环保创新改革这样的规章制度，政府就能帮助人们做出更好的选择。 Answer：Setting the right framework means creating incentives and removing barriers to remodel the context within which the whole of society makes choices. Take the environment for example. Everyone would agree that a cleaner local environment would enhance our well-being. By setting a framework that creates a price for carbon in our economy and encourages green innovation, the government can help people make the better choice. Ⅱ Reading (20%) Fast reading (10%) Directions: go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.  The essence of education is the teaching of facts and reasoning skills to our children, so that they learn to think. Yet almost a century, our schools have been under assault by an approach to education that elevates feelings over facts. Under the influence of Progressive Education – It is now more important than getting him in touch with the facts of history, mathematics or geography. “Creative spelling”- in which students are encouraged to spell words in whatever way they feel is correct – is more important than the rules of language. Urging children to “feel good” about themselves is more important than ensuring that they acquire the knowledge necessary for living successfully. This emotion-centered, anti-reason assault on education has found a new ally; those who believe the literal words of the Bible. The Kansas Board of Education has just excised the theory of evolution from the states official science standards. Several other states have enacted similar anti-evolution policies, thereby elevating the feeling of religious fundamentalists over the accumulated evidence of the entire science of biology These policies do not actually ban the teaching of evolution, nor do they mandate the teaching of “Creationism”-the biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days .They simply drop evolution from the required curriculum .The goal of the religious activities is to keep students ignorant of the theory of evolution, or to encourage the teaching of evolution and Creationism side-by-side, as two “competing” theories. Consider what this latter would mean in the classroom. On the one side, teachers would present the theory of evolution, supported by countless observations, all integrated into a comprehensive explanation of virtually every fact in its field. On the other side, teachers would present --- what? All that the Creationist view offers is the assertion by would-be authorities that an ancient religious text reveals that 10,000 years ago God created the world in six days. Some of these religious activists claim that they reject the teaching of evolution because it is “unproven,” since it lacks “sufficient evidence.” Yet their arguments systematically reject the need for proof and evidence. Scientists can point to a billion-year-long fossil record of continuous changes across all species as they develop from more-primitive to present-day forms. They can point to the natural variations among members of a species, variations that change from one climate to another as species adapt to their environment.    But the Creationist categorically dismisses the evidence—because it contradicts biblical dogma. For questions1-4, mark Y（for yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage. N（for no）if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage. NG（for NOT GIVEN）if the information is not given in the passage. For questions5-10 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 1. Our schools have never been under assault by an approach to education that elevates feelings over facts. 【N】 2. “Creative spelling”- in which students are encouraged to spell words in whatever way they feel is correct – is more important than the rules of language. 【Y 】 3. Some of the religious activists claim that they reject the teaching of evolution because it is a harm to their belief. 【N】 4.  “The essence of education is the teaching of facts and reasoning skills to our children, so that they learn to think.” this idea is firstly put forward by a British educator. 【 NG】 5. Urging children to “feel good” about themselves is more important than ensuring that they acquire the knowledge necessary for living successfully. 6.  The Kansas Board of Education has just excised the theory of evolution from the states official science standards.  7.  The biblical claim that the Earth and all life on it were created in six days. 8.  Some of these religious activists claim that they reject the teaching of evolution, because it lacks sufficient evidence. 9.  Scientists can point to the continuous changes across all species by a billion-year-long fossil record. 10. The Creationist categorically dismisses the evidence as it is a contradiction to biblical dogma. Task-based reading (10%) Directions: Read the article and fill out the following table (6 words at most for each blank). It made headlines several weeks ago: Researchers at Stanford University's SIQSS (Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society) conducted a national survey of Web users that led the researchers to the following conclusions: "The more hours people use the Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings. ... The Internet could be the ultimate isolating technology that reduces our participation in communities even more than television did. … This is an early trend that, as a society, we really need to monitor carefully." The study was conducted at the end of last year and used information provided by 2,689 households that were enlisted by a random telephone survey and given a free Web TV and free Internet access. In an effort to fi1ter out "contamination" caused by the fact that the survey was itself Web-based, the final results were drawn only from among those participants who already had some form of Internet access at home or work prior to the survey. The study has all the normal trappings of objectivity and statistical validity, but to me, it appears the researchers' interpretation of the results is rooted in a subt1e, but distinct anti-Web/anti-tech bias. This is especially disturbing in light of the wide play the survey got in the national media. Let me pick one glaring example: the study trumpets that 26 percent of Internet users report they spend less time talking with family and friends on the phone -- clearly, a symptom of increasing social isolation, right? But the same study shows that by far the most common Internet activity is sending and receiving e-mail. Amazingly, nowhere in the study did I find anything that recognized what is, to me, the obvious causal link: E-mail simply has replaced the phone for many routine types of communication. The interpersonal interaction still takes place; it's just shifted from one medium to another.