同义词、近意词、固定搭配收集（可编辑）

同义词、近意词、固定搭配收集（可编辑） 同义词、近意词、固定搭配收集 1. forgetful， unmindful， oblivious These adjectives refer to inability or failure to remember. 这些形 容词指不能或无法记起。 Forgetful usually implies a faulty memory or a tendency not to remember: Forgetful 通常含有记忆力衰退或失去记忆的意思: As I grow older I become increasingly forgetful. Less often the word is used as the equivalent of unmindful, which applies principally to failure to keep in mind what should be remembered, as through deliberate oversight, heedlessness, or inattentiveness: 随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越健忘了。 偶尔这些词可用来代替 unmindful， 该词主要用于指有意的疏忽、心不在焉或漫不经心等，而将应该 记住的事忘了: She ought not to be forgetful of her duties. 她不该玩忽职守。 Each passenger rushed toward the exit, unmindful of the others. 每 个乘客都不顾其他人涌向出口。 Oblivious refers to failure rather than inability to remember, as because one is preoccupied or because one has chosen to disregard something: Oblivious 更侧重于疏忽而不是失去记忆，如因为某人做事一心一 意或有选择地疏忽一些事情: Fortunately for the author, he was soon oblivious of the vitriolic criticism. Sometimes the term implies lack of awareness: 幸运的是，就 作者而言，他很快就忘了这些辛辣的评论。 有时这个词含有缺少意识的含义: For a person who has known them so long you are strangely oblivious to their faults. 对于一个认识他们很久的人来说，你异乎寻常地没有意识到 他们的缺点。 at one fling一鼓作气地; 一下子, 一举have a fling at sb.讥讽某人 have a fling at sth.试图做某事have one's fling放荡, 纵情行乐in full fling莽撞地; 在高潮中indulge in a fling at嘲笑[挖苦] 某人 take a fling at攻击, 嘲笑;试图做 某事 take the fling不受约束;情绪不定, 忽冷忽热; 脾气变坏fling about跳来跳去; 抛散fling aside抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去 fling away抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去fling into突然冲进;投入, 急速派遣fling off甩掉; 挫败; 气冲冲地突然跑开fling oneself about手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴 跳fling oneself out手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴跳fling oneself into毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling oneself upon毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling out用力抛出; 出 言不逊fling over[俚]舍弃, 不再保护[赞助]fling up舍弃, 抛弃 2. deplete， drain， exhaust， impoverish， enervate These verbs all mean to weaken severely by removing something essential. 这些动词都意味着通过移走基本的东西使严重削弱， Deplete refers to using up gradually and only hints at harmful consequences: Deplete 指逐渐用光，并且仅暗示有害的后果: I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted. 我总是在 我的食物吃完之前加以补充。 Drain suggests reduction by gradual drawing off and is stronger in implying harm: Drain 意指通过逐渐消耗而减少，强调危害性: War often drains a nation's economy.战争经常耗尽一个国家的经济。 Exhaust stresses reduction to a point of no further usefulness: Exhaust 强调减少到不再有用的地步: “The resources of civilization are not yet exhausted” William Ewart Gladstone . “文明的源泉永远不会枯竭” (威廉姆??爱德华??哥莱德斯托恩)。 Impoverish refers to severe reduction of resources or qualities essential to adequate functioning: Impoverish 指资源和性质严重减少到最基本的程度: “His death has eclipsed the gaiety of nations, and impoverished the public stock of harmless pleasure” Samuel Johnson . “他的死给全国的欢乐投上阴影，也使公众再也无法享受无害的欢乐” (塞 缪尔??约翰逊)。 Enervate refers to weakening or destruction of vitality or strength: Enervate 指活力或力量上的变弱或损伤: Idleness enervates the will to succeed. 懒惰削弱了成功的决心 3. extend, lengthen, elongate, stretch, prolong, protract这组动词 的一般含义是“使延长”。 extend和lengthen的反义词为shorten。这两个动词都可以表示时间和空 间的“延长”，但是extend可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。如:the extended meaning of a word 词汇的引伸意义 ，to extend or lengthen a road 延长道路 ，to extend or lengthen one's stay. 延长某人的逗留 Can you extend your visit for a few days more?你能把你的访问再延长几天吗, The railway will be extended next year.明年将要延长这条铁路。 „, and the project has now been extended.„„而且此项现在已经扩大了。 He is extending his eyes with radar;人类借助雷达来扩大自己的视野。 He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit.他要把上衣放长一些。 elongate通常表示空间的“延长”。 A piece of rubber can be elongated by streching.一块橡皮可以拉长。 stretch与elongate的差异仅在于，前者不正式，后者正式，多见于科技语言。 prolong通常表示时间的“延长” But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle. 但是，阿尔弗雷德已经推断出，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争了。 protract 也指时间的“延长”，但多指“拖延” Three hours have passed since the discussion was begun, and I'm afraid they will protract it still longer. 这个讨论会已经开了3个小时了，而且恐怕他们还会拖延下去的。 extend for延续... 距离 extend from从...伸出来extend from ... into ...从... 延伸[插]到...里extend from ... to ...从... 延绵[一直]到 extend out伸出extend over延续... 时间 , 遍布extend through ...贯 穿..., 达到整个...的长度extend through to 一直 延伸到extend your hands伸出你的手extend one's business扩大其营业extend financial help to sb.给予某人资助 extend one's congratulations向...致贺 We are impressed by his capacity for handling an immense amount of work without appearing to extend himself. 我们很佩服他能处理大量的工作而看来一点也不勉强。 To open or straighten something out; unbend:伸出，拉开:张开或把 (某物)拉开;伸直: extended the legs of the folding table.打开折叠桌的桌腿 To stretch or spread something out to greater or fullest length: 延伸:伸长或扩展(某物)到较大程度或最大长度: extended the radio antenna.把收音机的天线拉到最长 To exert oneself vigorously or to full capacity:充分发挥，尽力: 精力充沛地发挥(自己的)能力或充分发挥自己的能力: Few mountain climbers have extended themselves as those two have. 很少登山运动员能象那两个人那样充分发挥自己的能力 To cause to move at full gallop. Used of a horse.竭尽全力:使奋力 奔驰。用于指马 To increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance:搀杂，增加数量:通过加上一种较便宜的物质来增加数量或体积: used rice or pasta to extend leftover casseroles.用米饭或面食来增加剩下的食物 To adulterate.掺杂 To enlarge the area, scope, or range of.扩大:扩大面积、范围或区域 To expand the influence of.扩大„的影响 To make more comprehensive or inclusive.See Synonyms at increase 扩充，充实:使更广泛或包含内容更多的参见 increase To offer:奉献: extend one's greetings.奉上个人的祝福 To make available; provide:可用;提供: extend credit to qualified purchasers.为符合资格的客户提供信用贷款 To cause something to be or last longer:延长:使(某物)处于或持续更长: extended our visit by a day.把我们的拜访再延长一天 To prolong the time allowed for payment of:拖欠，宽延:延长对„的付款所允许的时间: extend a loan for three more months.宽延三个多月的贷款 Chiefly British 【多用于英国】 To appraise or assess; value.鉴定或估价; To seize or make a levy on for the purpose of settling a debt.征税:为解决债务而制定的征收额 v.intr.(不及物动词)To be or become long, large, or comprehensive: 扩大:使变得长、大或广泛: influence that extended to other continents; table legs that extend by unscrewing.扩大到其它各洲的影响;松开螺丝，桌脚即可伸长 come about To take place; happen.出现;发生 To turn around.转向 Nautical To change tack.【航海】 改变航向 come across To meet or find by chance:偶然遇到或找到: came across my old college roommate in town today.今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学 Slang 【俚语】 To do what is wanted.做所想做的 To pay over money that is demanded:付要求的钱: came across with the check.开支票支付 To give an impression:给予印象: “He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual” William L. Clay “他给人的印象是一个很虔诚的、笃实的人” 威廉L.克莱 come along To make advances to a goal; progress:进展:对一个目标有进步;前进: Things are coming along fine.事情进展顺利 To go with someone else who takes the lead:跟随:与另一个带头的人走: I'll come along on the hike.我将徒步旅行来 To show up; appear:表现;出现: Don't take the first offer that comes along.不要采取他人的第一个提议 come around 或come round To recover, revive:恢复，还原: fainted but soon came around.昏迷但马上苏醒 To change one's opinion or position:改变某人意见或立场: You'll come around after you hear the whole story.你听到整个故事之后你会明白 come at To obtain; get:获得;得到: come at an education through study.经由研究得到教育 To rush at; attack.对„冲击;攻击 come back To return to or regain past success after a period of misfortune. 东山再起:在一段不幸之后回到或再获得过去的成功 To retort; reply:反驳;回答: came back with a sharp riposte.以尖锐的反驳回答 To recur to the memory:再现记忆: When I saw the picture, happy memories came back.当我看到这照片， 美好的回忆又再度浮现 come by To gain possession of; acquire:占有;取得: Mortgages are hard to come by.抵押难以获得 To pay a visit.访问 come down To lose wealth or position:失去财富或地位: He has really come down in the world.他在这个世界上真的失去了地位 To pass or be handed down by tradition:传承:按习惯通过或处理: customs that come down from colonial times.从殖民时代传承下来的惯 例 To be handed down from a higher authority:宣判:从更高权威传下来: An indictment finally came down.终于宣判起诉 Slang To happen; occur:【俚语】 发生;出现: What's coming down tonight?今晚发生了什么事情? come in To arrive:到达: Fall clothes will be coming in soon.秋装即将上市 To become available for use:成为可用: New weather information just came in.新气象信息刚被采用 To start producing. Used of an oil well.开始生产。用于油井 To arrive among those who finish a contest or race:比赛名次:在完成比赛的那些人中达到: came in fifth.第五名 To perform or function in a particular way:按特殊方法执行或运作: A food processor comes in handy.食品加工处理机用来十分便利 To reply in a specified manner to a call or signal:以特定方式回应:对电话或信号按特定方式回答: The pilot's voice came in loud and clear.飞行员回应的声音大而清晰 To take on a specified role:承办规定的任务: When editorial review commences, that's where you come in.编辑复审开始时，那有你要做的工作 come into To acquire, especially as an inheritance:获得，尤指遗产: She came into a fortune on her 21st birthday.她在二十一岁生日的时获得了一笔遗产 come off To happen; occur:发生，出现: The trip came off on schedule.旅行按计划得到实现 To acquit oneself:表现: She is sure to come off badly if challenged to explain.如果被要求解释，她肯定表现得很差 To turn out to be successful:结果是成功的: a party that came off.成功的晚会 come on To convey a particular personal image:表现个人特定形象: comes on as an old-fashioned reactionary.表现出象保守主义者 Slang To show sexual interest in someone:【俚语】 对某人有性兴趣: trying to come on to me during the party.在宴会期间力图亲近我 To progress or advance in increments:递增:按增额发展或进步: Darkness came on after seven.七点以后天色渐暗 To begin in small increments or by degrees:逐渐开始:按小的增额或程度开始: Sleet came on after one o'clock.在一点钟后冰雹到来了 To hurry up; move rapidly. Often used in the imperative:催促;快速运动。常用于祈使语气: Would you please come on! We'll be late!请快一点吧～我们要晚了～ To stop an inappropriate behavior; abandon a position or an attitude; be obliging. Used chiefly in the imperative: 制止:制止一种不合适的行为;放弃一种职位或态度;强迫。主要用于祈使语气: You've used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on!几个星期以来你一直采用相同的无力借口。别再装了 come out To become known:成为众所周知: The whole story came out at the trial.整个真相在审问中变得众所周知 To be issued or brought out:发行或发表: The author's new book just came out.作家的新书刚出版 To make a formal social debut:正式的社交: She came out at age 18 in New York City.她于十八岁在纽约城初入社交 圈 To end up; result:结束;结果: Everything came out wrong.每件事都是错误地结束 To declare oneself publicly:自己公开宣布: The governor came out in favor of tax breaks.这位政府官员公开宣布 赞成停止征税 To reveal that one is gay or homosexual.揭露某人同性恋的身份 come over To change sides, as in a controversy.改变立场，例如在争论中 To pay a casual visit.偶然拜访 come through To do what is required or anticipated:作要求的或预期的事: I asked for their help, and they came through.他们给了我所需要的帮 助 To become manifest:成为显然的: The parents' tenderness comes through in their facial expressions. 父母的慈爱之情显现在脸上 To be communicated in a specified manner:用一种特别的方式沟通: The pilot's voice came through loud and clear.飞行员的声音大而清楚 come to To recover consciousness:恢复知觉: The fainting victim came to.昏倒的受害者恢复了意识 Nautical 【航海】 To bring the bow into the wind.使船头转向迎风 To anchor.抛锚泊(船) come up To manifest itself; arise:显现;出现: The question never came up.从不曾发生过这个问题 To rise above the horizon:升到地平线上: The sun came up.太阳升起了 To rise, as in status or rank:提升，如在状态或级别上: a general who came up from the ranks.按等级晋升的将军 To draw near; approach:靠近，接近: came up and said hello.靠近并打招呼 come upon To discover or meet by accident.偶然发现或遇到 come a cropper To fail utterly.彻底失败 come clean To confess all.全都坦白 come down on To punish, oppose, or reprimand severely and often with force:申斥，谴责:严厉地且强有力地处罚、反对或谴责: a district attorney who came down hard on drug dealers.猛烈地谴责毒贩的地区辩护律师 come down to To confront or deal with forthrightly:直率地面对或处理: When you come right down to it, you have to admit I'm correct.当你真正面对它时，你就必须承认我是正确的 To amount to in essence:在意义上相当于: It comes down to this: the man is a cheat.事实是这样:那人是个骗子 come down with To become sick with an illness :染病，得病:因(一种病)感到身体不舒服: came down with the flu.因流感而感到不适 come in for To receive; be subjected to:接受;服从: came in for harsh criticism.接受严厉的批评 come into one's own To get possession of what belongs to one.获得属于某人的东西 To obtain rightful recognition or prosperity:获得恰当的认可或成功: a concert pianist who has at last come into his own.终于获得成功的协奏曲钢琴演奏家 come off it【俚语】 To stop acting or speaking foolishly or pretentiously. Often used in the imperative. 住口，别胡扯:停止动作或愚蠢地或狂妄地谈话。常用于祈使语气 come out with To put into words; say:进行谈话;讲话: always comes out with the truth.以事实讲话 To reveal publicly:公开揭露: came out with a new tax package.一组新税出台 come to blows To begin a physical fight.开始肉搏 come to grief To meet with disaster; fail.遇到不幸;失败 come to grips with To confront squarely and attempt to deal decisively with:使直接面临并打算断然处理: “He had to come to grips with the proposition” Louis Auchincloss “他需要认真对待此建议” 路易斯??奥金克洛斯 come to light或 come to hand To be clearly revealed or disclosed:被清楚地暴露或揭发: “A further problem . . . came to light last summer as a result of post-flight inspections” John Noble Wilford “作为飞行后检查的结果，进一步的问题„出现在去年夏季” 约翰??诺贝 尔??威尔福特 come to terms To confront squarely and come to understand fully and objectively: 互相理解:诚实地面对并达到完全地和客观地了解: “He attempts to come to terms with his own early experiences . . . and with his father, a con man of extravagant dimensions” Peter S. Prescott “他打算遵从于自己的早年经历„和他的父亲――奢侈的反对者” 彼得S. 普雷斯科特 To reach mutual agreement:达成，妥协: The warring factions have at last come to terms.互相斗争的派别最后 达成了协议 come true To happen as predicted:实现，达到:按预期发生: My fondest dreams have at last come true.我最期望的理想最终实现了 come up against To encounter, especially a difficulty or major problem.碰见困难， 遭遇问题:碰见，尤指困难和主要问题 come up with To bring forth or discover:宣布或发现: came up with a cure for the disease.发现疾病的治疗方法 as they come按照原来的样子;〔口〕非常, 极其 Easy come easy go. Light come, light go; Lightly come, lightly go. [谚]来得容易去得快 常指财物 。 Everything comes to him who waits.[谚]耐心等待,必有所得。 First come first served.[谚]先到先招待; 先到先供应。 How come?[口]为什么? 怎么会? 怎么搞的? How comes it that? How is it that...? [口]为什么? 怎么回事? How comes it about that? How is it that...? [口]为什么? 怎么回事? if it comes to that如果事情到了那种地步 Let'em all come.让他们都来吧 对大家的挑战, 表示自信、蔑视 。 Let them all come.让他们都来吧 对大家的挑战, 表示自信、蔑视 。 to come未来的, 将要到来的 come about发生; 风等 改变方向; 转帆, 转航向 come across偶然碰见; 无意中找到;出现于, 想到;〔口〕有效果, 使人能理解;〔俚〕付欠款, 捐 款 , 交钱;相认, 照办, 吐露实情 come after跟着...来, 跟在...后面;来取, 寻找; 争取;追赶;继承 come again再说一遍’ 从昏迷中 清醒过来;〔方〕死后现形 come alive活跃起来; 显得象真的似的 come along一起来, 一道走; 同意, 赞成, 祈使语气 请过来, 快一点儿; 进展; 进步 come amiss不称心, 不合适, 不受欢迎 come and get it[美口] 饭预备好了 请过来吃吧～ come and go来来往往; 作短暂访问; 变化不定 come and go upon信赖, 信任; 有行动自由 come apart裂开; 破裂; 垮下来, 崩溃 come at攻击, 扑向; 达到; 得到 come away脱开; 断开; 离开, 发芽, 生长; [方]跟我一起走; [苏]到屋里来 come away none the wiser结果还是一点也不明白而归 come back回来; 忆起, 恢复原有地位〔健康〕; 风尚 又流行起来; [美俚]还嘴 come before位于...之前; 被交付处理〔审判〕; 被提出 come between在...中间; 离间; 使分开; 妨碍某人做某事 come by弄到, 获得;偶然搞到, 偶然得到;经过, 从旁边过去;〔美方〕来串门, 拜访 come clean[美俚]全盘招供, 坦白交代; 修完课程 大学毕业 come down下来, 倒下; 倒塌; 砍伐〔倒〕; 下 雪, 雨等 ; 降落; 拿出钱来接济; 从城市 来到 乡下 ; 大学毕业;【戏】走出戏台口; 从兴奋剂作用中醒过来; [美俚]发生 come down on向...索取 钱等 ; 申斥, 严厉惩罚; 强烈反对 come down upon向...索取 钱等 ; 申斥, 严厉惩罚; 强烈反对 come down hard on向...索取 钱等 ; 申斥, 严厉惩罚; 强烈反对 come down hard upon向...索取 钱等 ; 申斥, 严厉惩罚; 强烈反对 come down to下垂到, 达到; 流传下来, 可归结为; 屈尊; 被迫 come down with[口]出钱; 得 病 , 付款 come for为某种目的而来取; 来接; 向...冲来; 对...进行袭击 come forth出来; 涌现; 被公布; 出世 come forward被提出; 自愿效劳; 主动响应; 增长 come from是...地方人; 产自;来自, 是...结果, 起因于;出身于, 生于 come home回家;【航海】锚脱掉; 打中; 说得正对; 刺中 ...心病 ; 打动人心; 被理解, 影响深远 come in进来; 到达; 开始; 开始使用...; 开始生产; 潮水 升涨; 火车 进站; 船舶 进港; 到成熟季节; 当选, 就任, 执政, 党派等 上台; 钱 到手; 起作用; 【信】 对对方的呼唤进行 回话; 回复; 流行起来; 干涉; [美俚] 母牛 下仔 come in for得到; 领取 份儿 ; 受到 处分 ; 吸引; 适用于, 对...有用come in handy将来 可能 有用come in on参加, 参与come in upon参加, 参与come into进入; 得到;继承 财产等 come it?痉? 拿出钱来; 泄密; 拳击 示弱; 卖弄; 吹牛; 获得成功come it over胜过, 骗过, 对...摆威风come it strong[俚]做得过份; 过于夸大come near不劣于, 不亚于, 及得上; 几乎, 差一点就come of出身于; 由...引起; 是...的结果; 是在...生长大的come from 出身于; 由...引起; 是...的结果; 是在...生长大的come off 从... 离开, 走开;从...跌下, 从...下来;分离, 脱落;发生, 举行;〔口〕实现, 成功, 有效果;表现 好、坏 , 事情 进展得;逃脱, 结束, 摆脱come off it[口]别装蒜了, 别胡诌〔胡闹, 吹牛〕了, 别骗人了come off well运气好, 走运, 事情 有满意的结果come off with发表 言论 , 宣布 come on偶然遇见 某人 , 无意中发现 某物 ;来临, 袭来; 雨、雪等 开始下; 出现;跟着来, 跟上来;进餐, 进展, 成长, 滋长;登场, 上演;表现出来; [美俚]留下印象; 产生效果; 问题等 被提出来;得啦, 快点, 别胡扯啦 come upon偶然遇见 某人 , 无意中发现 某物 ;来临, 袭来; 雨、雪等 开始下; 出现;跟着来, 跟上来;进餐, 进展, 成长, 滋长;登场, 上演;表现出来; [美俚]留下印象; 产生效果; 问题等 被提出来;得啦, 快点, 别胡扯啦come out出来;出现; 芽 生出来, 花 开;出版;暴露; 传出;初次露面, 初次登台, 初入社会;发展, 进展, 结局; 考试、比赛等 结果是..., 名列第...;表露, 呈现; 污点等 被去掉, 颜色 褪去; 题目, 公式等 被解出来;罢工;出狱come out against出来反对; 反抗come out at 总数、平均数等 达, 共计come out flat-footed[美口]打开天窗说亮话come out for声明支持; 表示同意, 赞同; 出去 散步, 野餐, 远足等 come out in 部分皮肤 发出 红斑, 丘疹等 come out of出自, 生自; 冲破... 出来; 脱离, 摆脱C-out of that![俚] 走开～ 滚蛋～ 住手come out with被伴随着; 透露; 说出; 公布come over顺便访问; 发生; 侵占; 占上风; 过来, 从远方来; 转到...方面来; 感觉, 影响等 攫住; 支配; [口]欺骗 come round到来; 再度来; 来访; 绕道而行; [口]息怒; 消气; 苏醒过来; 恢复知觉或健康; 回心转意; 屈服, 让步; 哄; 改变方向 come around到来; 再度来; 来访; 绕道而行; [口]息怒; 消气; 苏醒过来; 恢复知觉或健康; 回心转意; 屈服, 让步; 哄; 改变方向 come round to[口]经过一段时间耽搁以后又着手 做某事 come round to doing sth.[口]经过一段时间耽搁以后又着手 做某事 come short home遭到不幸; 遭到失败come through经受 困难 而活过来; 脱险; 完成, 胜利; 消息 传出; 电话 接通; 通行; [美俚]资〔捐〕助; [美俚]招供; 照办; 拿出 钱等 ; [美]改变信仰, 变节come to达到, 总计为; 终于; 结果是; 苏醒 过来 ;把船朝着风头; 停泊; 继承 财产 ; 马, 牛群等 迅速向左转come to oneself 昏迷后 苏醒过来; 恢复理性, 停止胡闹come to pass发生; 实现come to sb. 事情 临到某人头上; 财产 遗留给某人come to stay留下不走, 住下来; 长久存在; 已成定局come to that if it comes to that 如果事实是那样的话; 无论如何come to think of it[口]我想起来了come to this等于这样说, 就是这样;达到这种地步; 出现这种情况come together集〔会〕合; 夫妇同居生活; 对立双方 消除分歧come under归入, 纳入;受到 影响, 支配等 ;属于...职权范围;come up走近; 上 楼 来; 从土中 长出, 发芽; 被提出; 流行起来; [英]进大学; 进城 尤指去伦敦 ; 上升; 抬头; [俗]呕吐; 快～ 驱使牛、马行走或前进时的吆喝 come up against遇到 困难 ; 遭到 反对 ; 与...矛盾come up smiling[口] 遭到挫折, 失败之后 以勇敢和乐观的姿态出现come up to并驾齐驱; 达到; 数到; 不负 期望 ; 合乎 等 come up with追及; 呈出; 供给; 复仇; 责罚; 提出 建议 ; [口]找到 答案, 解决办法 come upon偶然碰见 某人 ; 灾难, 寒潮等 突然向...袭来;突然产生 于...;成为...的负担;要求 支持或帮助 come on偶然碰见 某人 ; 灾难, 寒潮 等 突然向...袭来;突然产生于...;成为...的负担;要求 支持或帮助 come what may不管发生什么事情, 不管怎样come what will不管发生什么事情, 不 管怎样come with伴随...发生; 与...一起供给come within进入 听力、视力、 射程等 所及的范围; 属于, 归入Coming up![口] 指饭菜 准备好了～这就端上 来了～be on the rise上涨, 上升; 变得更有价值buy for the rise看涨而买 进get [take, have] a rise out of sb.惹得某人恼怒give rise to引起; 使 发生have a rise in life [the world]飞黄腾达have [take] its one's rise among [in, from]发源于; 发端于on the rise在上涨[增长]rise again死而 复生R-and shine!【军】[俚] 早上 起床!rise up起义; 起来 4. share， participate， partake These verbs refer to acquiring, having, using, being involved in, or experiencing something jointly with another or others. 这些动词指与另 一个或其他人共同获取、享有、使用、卷入或经历某事物。 Share applies both to giving and to receiving partial possession, use, or enjoyment: Share 应用于给予和接受部分财产、使用权或娱乐: “Share my harvest and my home” Thomas Hood . “分享我的收获和 我的家庭” (托马斯??胡德)。 “You English gentlefolk do not let us share your griefs; you keep them to yourselves” John Galsworthy . It can also refer to possession, use, or enjoyment in common by a group: “你们英国上流人士不让我们分担 你们的不幸;你们自己承受它们” (约翰??高尔斯沃西)。它也可能指一个组织 共享的财产、使用权或娱乐: “Their wives and families shared their lot” George Bancroft . “他 们的妻子和家庭共同承担他们的命运” (乔治??班克罗夫特)。 The manufacturer and the dealer shared in the expense of advertising. 制造商与经销商共同承担广告费用。 Participate implies taking part in something, such as an activity, together with another or others: Participate 意指与另一个人或其它人参加某项活动: “if we had been allowed to participate in the vital processes of America's national growth” Richard Wright . “如果我们当时被允许参加美国民族发展的不可缺少的进程” (理查德?? 赖特)。 Partake often refers to having or taking a portion of something, such as food; it can also mean to have part of the quality, nature, or character of something: Partake 常指具有或取得某物的一份，例如食物;它也可指具 有某事物的质量、特性或特征的一部分: “partake of many gifts of fortune and power that I was never born to” Joseph Addison ; “分享许多我一生中从未有过的财富与权力的馈赠” (约瑟夫斯??艾迪生); “an inarticulate noise partaking of a groan and a grunt” Joseph Conrad .“带有呻吟和咕噜的不清楚的嗓音” (约瑟夫??康拉德) bear[take] one's share of负担...的部分, 参加club [run] shares均分; 合伙; 分摊come in for a share得到分配, 分得一份cry shares 看到别人捡来或偷来的东西 要求均分; 要求瓜分; 要求分享fall to sb.'s share由某人负担; 归某人享有for my share至于我自己go shares with ... 平分; 分享[担], 均摊have [take] a [one's] share分担; 参加lion's share最大的一份; 最好的一份on [upon] shares共负盈亏;同甘共苦one's share of the cake分享的一份好处; 应得的一份share and share alike平均分配 与go 连用 share out分配的, 分配给 5. commit discharge do都含有“进行某种活动”的意思。 commit指“犯错误或犯下某种罪行”， 或指“干某种坏事、傻事”， 如:He was arrested for -tting several crimes.他因犯有多种罪行而被捕了。discharge指“忠实能干地执行任务”， 也指“履行或诺言”， 如:The nurse discharged her duties. 那位护士履行了自已的义务。do 指“从事任何一种具体的或抽象的工作”， 如:He did the job brilliantly. 他出色地完成了这件工作。 6. permission， authorization， consent， leave， license， sanction The central meaning shared by these nouns is “approval for a course of action that is granted by one in authority”: 这些名词的中心意思是“赞同被权威人士承认的一系列行动”: was refused permission to smoke; 禁止吸烟; seeking authorization to begin construction; 请求批准开始建造; gave their consent to the marriage; 批准他们结婚; will ask leave to respond to the speaker; 将请求许可以回答发言者; was given license to depart; 取得离开特许; gave sanction to the project. prohibition 批准工程项目 prohibition be applied to适用于, 应用于, 施加于, 用来表示, 与...接触apply for申请; 请求, 接洽apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事apply sth. to把...施于...; 把...运用于...apply to关系到, 牵涉到;适用于; 运用于;向...询问, 向...接洽apply to the consul for a visa向领事申请签证apply a theory to practice把理论应用于实践apply a plaster to a wound给伤口贴上膏药apply paint to a house油漆房屋apply one's mind to专心于...apply one thing upon another将一件东西放在另一件之上 We intend to apply economic sanctions.我们打算实施经济制裁。 The rule cannot be -lied in every case.这规则并不适用于所有的情况。 We must apply our energies to finding a solution.我们必须全力想出一个解决的办法。 play along 【非正式用语】 To cooperate or pretend to cooperate:与„合作:与„合作或假装与„合作: decided to play along with the robbers for a while.决定暂时与强盗合作 play at To participate in; engage in.参加:参加„;从事于„ To do or take part in half-heartedly.玩:不认真地做或参加 play back To replay a recently recorded tape, for example .重放:重播放(例如刚录下的磁带) play down To minimize the importance of; make little of:贬低:降低„的重要性;贬低: played down the defect to protect the troops' morale.把缺点轻描淡写以保护军队的士气 play off Sports 【体育运动】 To establish the winner of a tie by playing in an additional game or series of games.打加赛:通过打附加比赛或一系列比赛来产生(平局的)胜者 To participate in a playoff.参加加赛 To set one individual or party in opposition to another so as to advance one's own interests:使相斗(以坐收渔利):将(一个人或一个队)置于与另一个(人或队)相对的位置从而加强自己的利益: a parent who played off one child against another.让一个孩子与另一个孩子相斗的家长 play on 或play upon To take advantage of another's attitudes or feelings for one's own interests: 利用:为自己的利益利用(别人的态度或感情): demagogues who play on popular fears.煽动者利用了公众的恐惧 play out To use up; exhaust:耗尽:用完;耗尽: Our strength was played out early in the contest.比赛中我们的力量早已耗尽了 play up To emphasize or publicize:强调:强调或宣传: She played up her experience during the employment interview.在雇用面试时她强调了她的经验 in play Sports In a position to be legally or feasibly played:【体育运动】 处于比赛状态中:处于符合规则的或适合于比赛的位置: The ball is now in play.这球现在不是死球 In a position, or rumored to be in a position of possible corporate takeover: 被接收:处于或传闻处于可能被全体接收的位置: The company's stock rose in price when news stories stated that it was in play. 当新闻报道声称公司被接收时公司的股票价格上涨 out of play【体育运动】 Not in a position to be legally or feasibly played.没有进行:不处于合法或可行的比赛状态中 play ball【俚语】 To cooperate:合作: The opposing attorneys refused to play ball with us.对面的律师拒绝同我们合作 play both ends against the middle To set opposing parties or interests against one another so as to advance one's own goals. 使对立双方相争以从中得利:使对立的政党或利益集团相争以实现自己的目标 play fast and loose To behave in a recklessly irresponsible or deceitful manner:轻率处理:以轻率、不负责任或欺骗的方式做: played fast and loose with the facts.待事轻率 play for time To use delaying tactics; temporize.为争取时间而拖延:使用拖延战术;为争取时间而拖延 play games【俚语】 To be evasive or deceptive:含糊不清，:回避的或令人迷惑的: Quit playing games and tell me what you want.不要含糊其词，告诉我你想要什么 play in Peoria【俚语】 To be acceptable to average constituents or consumers:可接受的:可 被普通选民或消费者接受的: an elitist political campaign that could never play in Peoria.政治精英的政治攻势不可能被选民接受 play into the hands of To act or behave so as to give an advantage to an opponent .干对某人有利的事:行动或表现以使(对手)得利 play one's cards【非正式用语】 To use the resources or strategies at one's disposal:办事高明:以自己的意愿来使用计谋或策略: played her cards right and got promoted.她办事高明并获得提升 play possum To pretend to be sleeping or dead.装睡或装死 play the field To date more than one person.滥交情人:与不止一人约会 play the game【非正式用语】 To behave according to the accepted customs or standards.遵守规则:按照被接受的习惯或标准行事 play up to To curry favor with.迎合„:求宠于„ play with fire To take part in a dangerous or risky undertaking.玩火，冒险:参加危险或冒险的任务 play with oneself 【粗俗用语】 【俚语】 To masturbate.手淫 allow full play to使充分活动[发挥] as good as a play 象戏剧那样 有趣的 be played out精疲力尽 bring into fullplay 充分利用, 充分发挥作用 call into fullplay充分利用, 充分发挥作用put into fullplay充分利用, 充分发挥作用children's play容易的事; 不足挂齿的小事come into play开始活动, 开始起作用fair play公正的态度, 公平的比赛; 光明正大的行动foul play犯规, 奸诈, 暴行, 谋杀gallery play迎合观众[听众]趣味的表演, 哗众取宠give free play to放任, 自由发挥, 发泄give full play to one's speciality 发挥某人的特长, 让 特长 ...充分发挥go out of play【体】球出界grand-stand play 打球时旨在博得观众喝采的 花架子动作;哗众取宠的行为grandstand play 打球时旨在博得观众喝采的 花架子动作;哗众取宠的行为high play输赢很大的赌博, 下大笔赌注的赌博give sb. a play努力想得到某人的信任hold sb. in play使人工作下去, 牵制keep sb. in play使人工作下去, 牵制in play开玩笑; 与be连用 被卷入, 在起作用, 在产生影响;【体】 足球等 处于比赛状态, 不是死球in full play正起劲, 正在繁忙的时候, 正在积极进行中lucky at play , unlucky in love.[谚]赌场得意, 情场失意。lucky at play cards, unlucky in love.[谚]赌场得意, 情场失意。make play 赛马 摆脱追者;加速, 加快;加紧工作; 发生效果; 拳击中 猛击对手;牵制make play with过分强调, 过分夸大make a play for以色情引诱; 设法引诱miracle play奇迹剧; 神迹剧 欧洲中世纪根据耶稣和圣徒生平事迹编写的戏剧 out of play失业; 球赛 死球; 暂停比赛Turn about is fair play.一人一轮, 天公地道。 play about 同... 在一起厮混; 玩弄; 戏弄play about with 同... 在一起厮 混; 玩弄; 戏弄play around 同... 在一起厮混; 玩弄; 戏弄play around with 同... 在一起厮混; 玩弄; 戏弄play along with[口] 同... 合作; 参与...; 依照...行事play around with 同... 在一起厮混; 同.... 乱搞男女关系;反 复考虑; 斟酌play at玩, 打球, 下棋, 打牌play at fast and loose with 反复无常; 拿... 当儿戏; 玩弄 某人的爱情等 play away赌掉 金钱 ; 玩掉 时间 ; 浪费play back 板球 向后[前]打球play forward 板球 向后[前]打球 play ball开始, 正当地做, 光明正大地做;和...合作 与with连用