[工作]3大学英语新视野第四册答案

[工作]3大学新视野第四册答案 New Horizon College English Test Band Four I. Word Dictation Directions: Listen and write down the words you hear. You are going to listen to the recording twice. During the first time, you write the word that you hear and, during the second time, you can just check your answers. (35 points) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. II. Compound Dictation Directions: In this section you will hear a passage three times. For the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. For the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 7 with the exact words you have just heard. For the blanks numbered from 8 to 10, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. The third time is for you to check what you have written. (30 points) Text 1 When a person moves from one culture to another, he must(36) to the customs and to the way of life of the people. The one problem of (37) which he faces almost immediately is (38) . In his own country, he is(39) to certain foods, prepared in the way of his people, and (40) at several times during the day. In a new country, he may find himself having to eat foods he has never (41) prepared in ways he knows nothing about, and eaten at times when he is (42) to eating. The standard methods of cooking are(43) . Boiled foods are cooked (44) . Baked or roasted foods are cooked by dry heat in an oven. (45) until brown and tender, and broiled foods are cooked by direct fire or heat. Text 2 Professor Woodrow Wilson once said that every man sent out from a university should be a man of his(46) as well as a man of his (47) , and I am (48) that the men and women who carry the (49) of graduating from this institution will continue to give from their (50) , from their , a high (52) of public service and public support. (51) "(53) " wrote John Masefield. He did not refer to spires and towers, to campus greens and ivied walls. He admired (54) . He thought that the university was a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know. And it was also the place (55) . Text 3 Today the outlook for those who are mentally ill has improved greatly. We have learned that although it(56) a great deal of time and (57) these unfortunate youngsters can be taught to play a (58) role in society. One of the newest(59) to the problem of these patients is called the group home (60) . The group home allows the patients, whether children or adults, to live in private homes under the (61) of one or more specially (62) coordinators. One reason for this approach is to humanize the residence so that(63) . Middle- class and upper middle-class residential areas are chosen for these group homes. The homes adapted the children to normal life and (64) . The purpose (65) . III. Fill in the Blanks with the Right Word Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Use only ONE word to fill in each blank. (51 points) 66. Your victories in this area are very small and you pra achieve nothing. 67. She worried about Jarvis having pra nothing to live on, as she saw it, though he never worried. 68. In theory, things can only get better; in pra they may well become a lot worse if people don't work hard enough. 69. Starting the reform was only half the battle and turning its principles into pra policies was much more difficult. 70. We sat in the car with the radio on, cr along behind a long line of other cars. 71. From the moment a child can cr , everything at a baby's level, therefore, must be safe — sockets (插座), wastepaper bins (垃圾箱), radiators. 72. On rec of a check of $5, we will send you a full color booklet (小册子) which explains how to lose 10 kilos in just 2 months. 73. Items should be received within twenty-eight days of rec of order. 74. The public is en to information about how public money is spent. 75. If you are not sure whether you will be en to benefit, remember that you have nothing to lose by applying. 76. Because Social Security rules en the survivor to receive only the largest individual benefit of either of them, his or her benefits would drop to $15,000 a year. 77. There will be den fog in northern parts of the country tomorrow. 78. Energy den is the number of calories (大卡) in a given volume of food. 79. Our garage door isn't very wide and it's quite difficult to ste the car through. 80. Kids should ste clear of that park; it doesn't seem safe. 81. An intention to kill must be proved in order to con someone of attempted murder. 82. It is my strong con that an efficient economy and a fair society go together. 83. Diana was still the new girl in those days, very shy and unsure of herself, and le heavily on others for support and guidance. 84. He le back, crosses his legs, smiles casually and looks like a man full of confidence in himself. 85. My garden is too dry and shady — not many plants thr in those conditions. 86. The less that government gets involved, the more small business will thr . 87. No sooner had the news le out than my telephone started ringing. 88. In this way, if anything le out about the deal, the Americans could claim they were not supplying weapons to the country directly. 89. Life in London has so many at — nightclubs, good restaurants and so on. 90. Detective novels used to hold a special at for me. 91. The higher the clay content, the more sti the soil and the more care you must take. 92. Martha could feel now that her toes were not only wet with sweat but also sti with blood. 93. More than $20,000 has been paid in com to victims of another poisoned water accident in the region. 94. I have calculated that my tuition (学费), re and some other expenses for the five years of my degree would cost at least $4,500. 95. People often make do to their old public school or college as some repayment for what it has done for them, or in the hope that it may give their child a better chance of entry. 96. Despite earnest public awareness to address the need for organ do , there appears to be little prospect of increasing supplies to meet current shortages satisfactorily. 97. But all the time they were so al ready to withdraw instantly at the first hint of danger. 98. The task becomes easier when you are feeling fresh and al after a good night's sleep than at the end of a busy day, easier for short periods than for long periods. 99. The li arts are college or university subjects such as history, languages and literature but not sciences, mathematics or practical subjects. 100. The headmaster has li views about what his pupils should wear. 101. The early-morning m had lifted by breakfast time, giving us a magnificent view over the lake. 102. The m was floating down and the sun was shining in a perfectly clear blue sky above us. 103. He's over six feet tall, but the way he st makes him look shorter. 104. I think he'd never st to stealing. 105. Could you read through this for me and h the important points? 106. The findings h a serious gap in consumer knowledge about an important aspect of personal finance management. 107. There was a lu in my throat. I knew I would cry. 108. Like it or lu it, I'm not going to turn my radio off. 109. She sk the soup to remove most of the fat. 110. He took the evening newspaper and sk quickly through the story in minutes rather than hours. 111. He made outstanding contributions in the re of foreign affairs. 112. Genetic engineering, long the focus of anticipation and discussion in American agriculture, entered the re of reality in a big way in 1998. 113. This cloth takes dy well. 114. It takes hours for the dy to dry, and then you can apply a coat of protective transparent polish. 115. The candidate has many int supporters during his first election. 116. The pay will depend on the in of the work, not the amount. IV. Fill in the Blanks Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with only ONE word. (33 points) 117. The case is being looked ; when we have anything to report we'll write to them. 118. There are culturally determined practices related to eye contact, for example, Asian people do not look each other's eyes as they talk, whereas in the Western world it is polite to maintain eye contact during conversation. 119. Many a large and important business has been built from small beginnings. 120. The longer one is out of teaching the harder it is to build confidence and the ability to teach again. 121. What information they do have is often inaccurate and loaded unreal expectations. 122. A plot to blow up Britain's tallest tower was defeated last night when suspicious security guards caught terrorists dumping a van loaded explosives. 123. He was convicted carrying an offensive weapon and got a 28-day suspended sentence and a heavy fine. 124. They were convicted "waging war against the state" and sentenced to death. 125. She was excited to see her grandfather and uncle, running to hold her face for a kiss. 126. Similarly, stock shortages delay deliveries, hold contracts, lose customers and cause money problems. 127. You got the date wrong when you were filling the check. 128. If the worst comes to the worst, and I'm unable to continue, he'll have to have someone standing by to fill for me. 129. The search for efficiency and cost-cutting measures has resulted greater centralization. 130. Everybody keeps quiet but the table he's making money. 131. Mother is much better now, thank you, she's able to get a bit more. 132. Marlon may have got involved a noble cause, but it got a lot of people's support in the business. 133. This is certainly true, but this explanation can hardly account the economic disaster the country is facing now. 134. In a few hurried situations I forgot to switch the light, and missed the picture opportunity while trying to figure out why the camera wasn't working. 135. Over time, age and reality will catch with the dreams but the search for an opportunity to let the potential emerge is endless. 136. Moreover, the surviving letters of this period bear witness the extent of his involvement in the production and marketing of his books. 137. The country went a chaotic period of social and economic transformation: a boom in canal and railway building, in the steel industry, in banking, engineering, scientific research and political thinking. 138. A wo und like this does not usually lend itself a quick cure. 139. What he argued does not immediately lend itself action on the part of the adviser. 140. Plenty of mysteries have lasted for centuries and finally yielded explanation. 141. Since there is no way to escape the winter in this place, I suppose we have to bow the inevitable and get out our heavy coats and boots. 142. This is the case we can talk to them on the same basis and presumably they will understand. 143. Trains and telephones broke and their communication with the people in the city was cut off. 144. The President tried to drum congressional support for his energy policy. 145. Its newly established sales force is intended only to drum demand among the customers. 146. Since the Gulf War, the United States and Britain have used the United Nations to bleed Iraq more cheap oil; and the sufferers have been primarily children, whose death- rate has increased by an estimated 400 per cent. 147. The tendency in the Council is therefore always to lean a choice of legal bases requiring unanimous (一致的) voting. 148. They argued that his defense, economic and political policies were of tune with American values. 149. The police faced the prisoner a simple choice: he could either give the names of his companions, or go to prison. V. Replacement Directions: Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with expressions or phrases using the key word(s) supplied in the brackets. Please take care to use the right form and keep the original meaning. (18 points) 150. I didn't know what I should do , so I just waited for Mrs. Garcia to come back. (suppose) 151. Any system of government by free election is naturally likely to be misused .(lend) 152. Did the reporter actually have the right to access the personal and financial records? (entitle) 153. Many of the scientist's findings in the tests simply cannot be explained . (account) 154. We can earn part o r all of our own livings slowly if we are allowed to do so. (step) 155. Sally set off looking for the twins half an hour ago — where can they all have got to? (search) 156. Cracked windows and peeling (剥落) paint work indicated years of neglect. (witness) 157. Talk to someone about your problems. Don't let pressure mount up . (build) 158. They were of the generation that had experienced the Depression and a world war. (go) 159. Her latest speech shows that she disagrees with her advisors. (tune) 160. He obtained $15,000 from them by threats in desperation. (bleed) 161. He traveled a lot after the divorce as he believed that making new friends could cure his spiritual pain. (get) 162. The little boy cried so much that his mother finally gave in to him and bought some candy. (yield) 163. He goes jogging every morning after illness to strengthen himself .(build) 164. Any system of government by free election naturally is subject to misuse. (lend) 165. How long will it take to finish the customs formalities? (go) 166. The nation showered honors on the general after his famous victory. (load) 167. If you can't get a stain out of your clothes, rubbing salt in works wonders .(magic) VI. Cloze (With No Choices Provided) Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one word. In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook. (10 points) After taking a cab back to the(168) with my Chinese guest still with the others, the blind man (169) me on the shoulder, then pulled me toward him and embraced me tightly. "How (170) you saw everything for me", he (171) . "I can never thank you enough." Later I thought: I should have thanked him. I was the one(172) had been blind, my eyes merely (173) the surface of things. He had helped me lift the (174) that grows so quickly (175) our eyes in this busy world, to see a whole new (176) I'd failed to (177) before. VII. Cloze (With Four Choices Provided) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the correct one from the two choices given to fill in each blank. (20 points) Most caseworkers are highly idealistic when they begin their(178) (skills, careers, efforts, trades). But after a few years in a system that (179) (practicable, practice, practical, practically) requires people to lie, they (180) (tend, intend, pretend, content)to become cynical and start to act (181) (like, likely, unlike, unlikely) detectives. Sometimes this role is easy: big companies are very reluctant to (182) (make, spend, pay, earn) money (183) (on, onto, under, below) the table, and(184) (however, therefore, as, since) any extra income goes (185) (in, into, on, onto) the central government's computer. Sadly the law does not (186) (make, let, help, avoid) welfare clients to work part time and make a gradual shift (187) (from away, away by, off from, away from) welfare. Many welfare clients would (188) (hate, love, appreciate, enjoy) to pay their own way in life and (189) (protect, prevent, avoid, keep) having to call their caseworker and be (190) (embarrassed, relaxed, amused, encouraged) by a lecture every time they need something as simple as (191) (pairs, repairs, chairs, stairs) to their wheel chair. Most would agree that the system needs (192) (to be changed, to change, being changed, changed). Perhaps legal experts should (193) (act as, act on, act for, act out) defenders of the welfare clients. This would act as a balance (194) (against, off, for, of) the caseworkers' tendency to vigorously (195) (seek after, seek through, seek from, seek out) any untruths (196) (had rather, would rather, rather than, or rather) help their clients. Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them (197) (by, through, of, with) cheating! (177 words) VIII. Translation from Chinese to English Directions: Translate the following into English. (12 points) 198. 我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。 199. 去年圣诞节后不久，苏珊娜来到我家检查房子，看到墙上贴了一些新的招贴画。 200. 苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利部门不愿花钱好好地修，所以它总是坏。 201. 我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什么感受。 202. 政府削减福利已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，不只是我一个人。 203. 每次我的轮椅坏了，掉了螺丝，需要换轴承，或刹车不灵等，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要 挨训。 204. 当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时，苏珊娜就开始每两个星期"拜访"我一次，而不是每两个月才一 次了。 205. 她从来都是一无所获，但最后总要填厚厚的一叠格，说明我每一分钱的来历。 206. 但我很想自己负担部分生活费用，不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时都去尴尬地求人。 207. 第二天早晨，坐了一个小时飞机后，我们当天就与其他数以百计的游客一起，参观了一些景点。 他们大多数都带着相机，满载着小礼物。 208. 我身后有人打开了灯，我看到了他茂密的银发，还有方正有力的下巴。 209. 作为一名福利救济对象，我得在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。 IX. Translation from English to Chinese Directions: Translate the following into Chinese. (12 points) 210. Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. 211. She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. 212. Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time? 213. Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. 214. The stacks of pape r bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week. 215. Upon returning, I told my companion, "You've been invited backstage." 216. As he felt the smooth, curving sharpness of the metal tips, the girl stood quite still, gazing up into his face with an expression of wonder. 217. She shyly extended both hands toward him, the brass fingernails shining in the overhead light. 218. My hand held his elbow to steer him, bu t he stepped forward with no sign of hesitation or stoop, his shoulders squared, his head high, as though he were guiding me. 219. As I lowered my voice further and spoke close to his ear, the blind man leaned his head eagerly toward me. 220. I described their violet colored silk skirts, white blouses, and gold -colored hats like small crowns, with flexible points that moved in rhythm with the dance. 221. He had helped me lift the veil that grows so quickly over our eyes in this bu sy world, to see a whole new realm I'd failed to appreciate before. X. Vocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose the best one to complete each sentence. (36 points) 222. This diploma (毕业文凭) ________ that you have completed high school. A. entitles B. certifies C. secures D. approves 223. If the rain doesn't stop, people will be faced ________ serious flooding. A. to B. about C. with D. by 224. The giant corporation was making a take -over________ for a fertilizer plant. A. control B. bid C. effort D. proposal 225. Yet in a ________ democracy, such a declaration cannot easily be made; indeed the opposite must be proclaimed. A. liberal B. liable C. liberated D. reliable 226. The article ________ China's educational achievements during the past 20 years and outlined its development plans for the new century. A.predicted B.witnessed C.highlighted D.intensified 227. The manager promised to have my complaint ________. A. looked through B. looked into C. looked over D. looked after 228. He is watching TV? He's _______ to be cleaning his room. A. known B. supposed C.regarded D.considered 229. I recognized him at once, but his name ________ me for the moment. A. escaped B. missed C. failed D. ignored 230. I have already commented that colours will not show up unless the ________ of the light is sufficiently great. A. intensity B. density C. intention D. temperature 231. It is well -known that the retired workers in our country are __________ free medical care. A. involved B. associated with C. entitled to D. assigned to 232. The room is dark; the Sm ith ________ to bed. A. should go B. should have gone C. must go D. must have gone 233. The famous actress did not show up at the party, _______ is disappointing. A. that B. which C. what D. it 234. _________ I admit there are problems, I d on't agree that they can not be solved. A. As B. While C. For D. Despite 235. He is not ________ to recover from the shock in one day or two. A. possible B. probable C. capable D. likely 236. No educational system is perfect. Each one has i ts _________. A. borders B. frontiers C. limits D. limitations 237. The girl will get _________ her nervousness once she is on stage. A. over B. through C. off D. away 238. Scarcely had the old man gone out _________. A. that it started to rain B. than it started to rain C. when it started to rain D. and it started to rain 239. You are invited to the party ________ at our institute 8:00 p.m. tomorrow. A. having been B. given C. to give D. to be given 240. The editor _______ the article to make it fit the space available in a magazine. A. cut down B. cut off C. cut away D. cut out 241. There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question. A. means B. opinions C. directions D. ways 242. The numbe r plate on Sean's car came ________ and had to be tightened. A. lose B. loose C. lost D. loosen 243. "What is the new literature course like?"" It ______ the students aren't required to attend lectures." A. differs with the old course because B. is different than the old course due to C. differs from the old course in that D. is different from the old course with respect to 244. Since the publication of the novel, his reputation as a detective writer has been well ________. A. based B. established C. set D. built 245. To say that someone's work is not good is to find fault ________ it. A. of B. on C. at D. with 246. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow. A. make things easier B. make it easier C. be easier D. be easier to make 247. We must _______ that the telegram arrives in time. A. secure B. ensure C. assure D. insure 248. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't get the _______ of his opponent. A. superiority B. better C. victory D. best 249. It is recommended that the project ________ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started 250. Her hair is __________________________ ________. A.the same color as her mother B.the same color as her mother's C.same color as her mother D.same color as her mother's 251. I'm going to start now __________ miss the beginning. A.not to B. so as not to C. in order not D. so as not 252. The film was not as good as I had expected. If I ________ it was boring, I would not have gone. A. have known B. would know C. had known D. know 253. The businessmen are _________ over the sale of the diamonds. A. arguing B. discussing C. bargaining D. negotiating 254. Dinner will be ready __________, but we will have time for a drink. A. currently B. lately C. presently D. suddenly 255. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the __________. A. fare B. hire C. rent D. salary 256. To be ___________ with you, I don't agree with what you told me. A. sincere B. concerned C. truthful D. frank 257. My hometown has changed a lot. It doesn't look like ________________. A. the one of ten years ago B. the one of ten years C. one ten years ago D. one from ten years XI. Short Answer Questions Directions: Read the following passage(s) carefully and give brief answers to the questions. (10 points) Text 1 One motivational analyst (分析家) who became curious to know why there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this were true. The best way was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink (眨眼睛) rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times a minute. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less. Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance (催眠状态), a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis (催眠). Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded, and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: " Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say 'buy me, buy me.'" (322 words) 258. What was the purpose of Mr. Vicary's study? 259. According to the passage, what does the eye -blink rate indicate? 260. According to Mr. Vicary, how many times does a pers on blink his eyes in one minute under extreme stress? 261. What did Mr. Vicary's test prove? 262. According to Mr. Vicary's test, why did the tension of a woman shopper undergo the opposite change? Text 2 Very often, the human eye and brain can recognize familiar configurations (形状) even if all but a few significant data points are left out. It is this creative power of perception that may someday allow profoundly deaf people to converse (交流) in sign language over a special "telephone". Researchers have found that thirteen spots of light on each hand and one spot on the nose — to show head motion and provide a reference point for hand position — are significant for intelligible (可理解的) rendering of American Sign Language. The bright spots are produced by attaching pieces of reflective tape to the nose, fingertips, wrists, and backs of the second knuckles (指节) and adjusting a closed-circuit television system so that only the bright spots appear on the screen of the receiver. After a few minutes of familiarization, pairs of deaf people are able to converse freely over television. Deaf people and other sign readers can, of course, understand sign language and written subtitles on commercial television. But widespread link-ups of television systems for personal communications are economically impossible because a standard picture requires about one thousand times more information than a telephone circuit can carry. The researchers think it likely that the simplified picture of twenty-seven moving dots used in their experiments can be reduced to the capacity of a telephone line. (218 words) 263. What is the passage mainly about? 264. According to the passage, what does the person viewing the closed -circuit screen see? 265. How long would it take a deaf person to become accustomed to using the new device? 266. What do some television broadcasts include? 267. What makes it impossible to use this new device widely? XII. Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following passage(s) carefully and do the multiple-choice questions. (15 points) Text 1 During the long vacation I was accepted as a trainee bus conductor. I found the job fiercely demanding even on a short route with a total of about two dozen passengers. I pulled the wrong tickets, forgot the change and wrote up my log (行程记录) at the end of each trip in a way that drew hollow laughter from the inspectors. The inspectors were likely to check at any time. A conductor with twenty years' service could be dismissed if an inspector caught him accepting money without pulling a ticket. It was hot that summer: 100?Fahrenheit (华氏) every day. Inside the bus it was 30?hotter still. It was so jammed inside that my feet weren't touching the floor. I couldn't blink (眨眼睛) the sweat out of my eyes. There was no hope of collecting any fares. In these circumstances I was scarcely to blame. I didn't even know where we were, but I guessed we were at the top just before Market Street. I pressed the bell, the doors closed, and the bus surged forward. There were shouts and yells from down the back, but I thought they were the angry cries of passengers who had not got on. Too late I realized that they were coming from within the bus. The automatic doors at the back of the bus had closed around an old lady's neck as she was getting on. Her head was inside the bus. The rest of her, carrying a shopping bag was outside. I knew none of this at the time. When I at last signaled the driver to stop, he crashed to a halt and opened the automatic doors, whereupon the woman dropped to the road. Unfortunately, the car behind turned out to be full of inspectors. Since it would have made headlines if a university student had almost half-killed a woman of an advanced age, I was given the opportunity to leave quietly. (320 words) 268. What do we learn about the inspectors in the first paragraph? A.They found the writer amusing B.They never wore uniforms C.They were feared by employees D.They distrusted older employees. 269. Why was the writer unable to do his job properly? A.He wasn't tall enough. B.The buses were too fast. C.People avoided paying. D.He couldn't move. 270. The old lady in the incident described ________. A. was injured B. fainted C. was dragged D. hit her head 271. When the incident with old lady happened, ________. A.the writer had already decided to give up the job B.the writer's employers wanted to avoid publicity C.the writer was offered the chance to continue D.the consequences were as the writer expected 272. What is the writer's attitude now to the job? A.He feels responsible for the incident that ended it. B.He thinks that he was unfairly treated by the inspectors C.He is ashamed that he was incapable of doing it properly. D.He believes that it was an impossible job to do well. Text 2 Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its moving force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity (人所不知) of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers (居民) may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly (无情地) swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be re-housed in tower blocks which are inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. The destruction of established social structures is the worse possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve (保护) the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks. (311 words) 273. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so m any people who are ________. A. anxious to succeed B. in need of help C. naturally aggressive D. likely to commit crime. 274. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because ________. A. people do not communicate with their neighbors B. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations C. people feel anonymous there D. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals 275. The majority of people who live in inner cities tend to quit from the inner areas because they ________. A.dislike having to travel far to work B.have been forced by circumstances to do so C.don't like the idea of living in the suburbs D.have turned against society 276. Architectural changes have affected city life by ________. A. scattering long-established communities B. giving the individual a say in planning C. forcing people to live on top of each other D. making people move to the suburbs 277. The author's general argument is that urban life would be improved by ________. A. moving people out of tower blocks B. restoring old buildings C. building community centers D. preserving existing social systems Text 3 My love of nature goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparent's farm in Suffolk. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at university. I didn't get my first camera until after I'd graduated, when I was due to go diving in Norway and needed a method of recording the sea creatures I would find there. My father didn't know anything about photography, but he bought me an Exacta, which was really quite a good camera for the time, and I went off to take my first pictures of sea anemones (海葵) and starfish. I became keen very quickly, and I learnt how to develop and print. I've tried from the beginning to produce pictures which are always biologically correct. There are people who will alter things deliberately: you don't pick up sea creatures from the middle of the shore and take them down to attractive pools at the bottom of the shore without knowing you're doing it. There can be a lot of ignorance in people's behavior towards wild animals and it's a problem that more and more people are going to wild places: while some animals may get used to cars, they won't get used to people suddenly rushing up to them. The sheer pressure of people, coupled with the fact there are increasingly few places where no-one else has photographed, means that over the years, life has become much more difficult for the professional wildlife photographers. Nevertheless (然而), wildlife photographers play a very important part in educating people about what is out there and what needs conserving. Although photography can be an enjoyable pastime (消遣), as it is to many people, it is also something that plays a very important part in educating young and old alike. (325 words) 278. The author decided to go to university and study Zoology because ________. A.she wanted to improve her life in the countryside B.she was persuaded to do so by her grandmother C.she was keen on the natural world D.she wanted to stop moving around all the time 279. How is the author different from some of the other wildlife photographers she meets? A.She tries to make her photographs as attractive as possible. B.She takes photographs which record accurate natural conditions. C.She likes to photograph plants as well as wildlife. D.She knows the best places to find wildlife. 280. The author now finds it more difficult to photograph wild animals because ________. A.there are fewer of them B.they have become more nervous of people C.it is harder to find suitable places D.they have become frightened of cars 281. According to the author, wildlife photography is important because it can make people realize that ________. A.photography is an enjoyable hobby B.we learn little about wildlife at school C.it is worthwhile visiting the countryside D.it is important to look after wild animals 282. Which of the following descri bes the author? A.Proud. B.Sensitive. C.Aggressive. D.Disappointed. XIII. Short Composition Writing Directions: Write a short composition of about 150 words on the topic given below according to the structure you have learned. (30 points) A short composition starting with a general statement supported by examples: Welfare caseworkers are always trying to convict welfare clients of cheating. A short composition starting with a general statement supported by examples: Welfare clients feel embarrassed when required to account for every penny.