词汇翻译练习[教师版]

练习之词义选择 1. Thank you for your letter reference DT/Zi No. 102, of 29th, March. 2. We have had only one order from ABC Co., Ltd., so we regret we cannot give you a reference from long experience. 3. Reference is made to your Sales Confirmation No. 1529. 4. The Buyer ask for credit and have given the Bank of China, Beijing as a reference. 5. The Sales Company is given the same power with reference to apportioning the commission. 6. A reference to your records will show that we have more than once asked you to establish L/C against S/C No. 2523. 7. The time limit for inspection and claim is 60 days after discharge of the cargo at the port of destination. 8. Party B agrees that the expiration of this license shall not discharge party B from its obligation. 9. Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors. 10. Party B shall check the quality of each discharge/dispatch in accordance with the Contract. 11. Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief. 12. During the 1980’s the large premiums paid in acquisition often resulted in prices that greatly exceeded the value of tangible assets. 1 练习之词义选择 参考答案 1. Reference指“编号”〈number which makes it possible to find a document which has been filed.〉 2. Reference指“资信情况”〈Statement about a company's abilities.〉 3. 现谈到你方的第1529号销售确认书。(Reference在此例中指“谈到”〈Mentioning or dealing with〉) 4. 买方要求记帐交易,并提出中国银行北京分行作为资信备询人。(Reference在此例中指“资信备询人”〈Person who reports on someone's character or abilities.〉) 5. 关于佣金的分配问题,应授予销售公司同样的权利。(With reference to 在此例中意思为“关于”〈About or concerning sb. or sth.〉) 6. 查阅你方可以看出,我方已多次催促,要求你方对第2523号销售确认书开立信用证。(该句中的“reference”一词为名词,但翻译成中文时要转换为动词;意取“查阅”) 7. 检验与索赔的期限为货物卸至目地港后60天。[Discharge是名词(也可作动词),词义为“卸货”(Unloading cargo from a ship)经常出现在国际货物买卖中。)] 8. 乙方同意在许可证到期时并不免除乙方应尽义务。[Discharge是动词,意思为“免除”(Releasing one party from the terms of contract)] 9. 董事会任命的总经理,负责履行合营公司的日常职权。[Discharge也是动词,意思为“履行”(Carrying out one's duty)] 10. 乙方应按合同规定检查每批发出的货物的质量. [用作名词时,还可以表示“一批发运的货物”] 11. 就像那年的情况一样,大灾之后保险金大幅度提高,现在保险公司已经在游说希望减免地方税。(Premium 在一般语篇中常译作“奖赏;奖金;佣金”,在保险业务中则译作“保险金”。) 12. 20世纪80年代,并购中支付的大额溢价常常导致购买价格远远超过有形资产的价值。(这里的Premium 为“溢价”;acquisition 在一般语篇中常译作“得到;获得”,在此为“并购”之义。) 练习之词类引申(2) 参考答案 1. Vietnam was his entrée to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant. 2. There was no provocation for such an angry letter. 3. Fatty’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years. 4. The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition. 5. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era---the Industrial Age. Money had become King. 6. Shocking disclosures of unsanitary conditions in meat-packing plants, the use of poisonous preservatives and dyes in foods, and cure-all claims for worthless and dangerous patent medicines were the major problems leading to the enactment of these laws. 1. 越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖。他担任政府的外交政策顾问,那是第三次了。 2. 写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。[挑衅行为、激怒的原因] 3. 去FATTY餐厅就餐,已成了他七年来生活中的惯常的事情。[机构,惯例] 4. 那个箱子又大又笨重,装的都是书;不过他随身携带的箱子却是另一回事。[命题,主张] 5. 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元即工业时代,金钱成了主宰一切的权威。 6. 之所以通过以上法律,主要是因为下列情况的披露引起了人们的震惊:肉类包装[加 工?]厂的卫生条件恶劣;商人在食品中使用有毒的防腐剂和染料;药厂声称包治百病的专利药品却没有任何疗效甚至危害身体健康。(原文是“无价值的”和“危险的”,译文变为具体的“没有任何药效甚至危害身体健康”。) 练习之词类转换(3) 一.转译为动词:英语中具有动作意味的名词、形容词、副词、介词在翻译成汉语时常 转译为动词,而在汉译英时则相反。 1. There is a popular belief among consumers that goods are no longer in high quality as before. 消费者们普遍认为物品的质量大不如前了。名词belief 转译作动词“认为”。 2. His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest. 他因受贿而被捕。名词短语acceptance of bribes 转译成动词“受贿”。 3. The sight of the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games filled me with special longing. 看到奥运会的开幕式,我特别神往。含有动作意味的名词sight 转译为动词“看到”。 4. Sorry, I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 对不起,我不会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。英语中有些加后缀-er的名词在句中并不指人物的身份和职业,而有较强的动作意味,在译成汉语时可以转译成动词。 5. Man is becoming fully aware of the importance of safeguarding environment. 人类正越来越充分地意识到保护环境的重要性。形容词aware转译为动词“意识到”。 6. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in this insurance policy. 你完全不懂根据该保险单你应承担什么责任。英语中一些表示知觉,感觉的形容词作表语时,如:able, afraid, angry, ashamed, aware, anxious, careful, cautious, certain, concerned, confident, doubtful, glad, grateful, ignorant 等,常可转译成汉语的动词。而汉译英时则需要把这类动词还原成相应的形容词。本句中形容词ignorant 转译为动词“不懂”。 7. The selling plan may become available during the next year. 销售在明年可能出台。形容词available 转译为动词“出台”。 8. “Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,冲进门廊。副词。over, up, across和into。转译成动词“越过、跑上、跨上、穿过、冲进”等。 9. I’m all for the resolution of directors. 我完全支持公司董事会的决议。介词for转译成动词“支持”。 10. The plane flew straight ahead, across the harbor and over the sea. 飞机笔直向前飞行,穿过港口,飞越海面。介词across 和over 转译成动词“穿过”和“飞越”。 11. With China’s entry to the WTO and Beijing’s successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games, learning English is more important than ever before. 随着中国加人世贸组织和北京成功地获得了2008年奥运会的主办权,学习英语显得比以往任何时候都重要。英语名词entry转译为汉语动词“加入”,名词bid转译为汉语动词“获得主办权”。 二.转译为名词:英语中有很多由名词派生的动词,而名词转用的动词在汉语中往往不 易找到相应的动词,这时多将其转译成汉语中的名词。部分形容词及副词译成汉语时也常转译成名词,在汉译英时则反之。 1. The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。动词support转译为名词“拥护”。 2. The soup tastes good. 这汤味道不错。动词taste 转译为“味道”。英语中某些感觉动词,如look, sound, taste, smell, feel 等,在译成汉语时往往转译成名词。 3. Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. 然而,由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。被动句中的动词watch 转译成名词“观察”。有些英语被动式句子中的动词可以译成“受到……+名词”或“加以……+名词”这类结构。 4. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系始终有一个特点,就是以礼相待。动词。characterize 转译为名词“特点”。英语中有些动词是由名词派生或转借而来的,如:characterize, symbolize, design, figure, impress, behave, witness, mean 及cost 等。在译成汉语时,这些动词仍需还原转译成名词。 5. The young man, who looks and talks like John, is Li Ming’s boss. 那个相貌言谈很像约翰的年轻人是李明的老板。look 和talk 为派生动词,在此句中转译为名词“相貌言谈”。 6. Tom was eloquent and elegant but soft. 汤姆有口才、有风度,但很软弱。形容词eloquent 和elegant 转译成名词“口才、风度”。 7. They were considered sincere. 他们被认为是正人君子。根据句子的具体情况,某些形容词可以译成名词,如:形容词sincere(真诚的)被译作“正人君子”。[窃以为:这里的“转译”有点过了,但是如果把sincere 改换成coward,则可以大胆转译为“他们被认为是胆小鬼。] 8. They did their best to help the sick, the young, and the old他们尽了最大的努力帮助老弱病残。英语中形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,在译成汉语时,将其译成名词。 9. The light was on, the TV was playing, but nobody was in. 灯开着,电视放着节目,但没人在家。副词in 转译为名词“在家”。 10. Tom is physically strong but mentally weak. 汤姆身体强健,但心理脆弱。副词physically 和mentally 转译为名词“身体”和“心理”。 11.All the students should develop morally, intellectually, and physically. 所有的学生都应当德、智、体全面发展。副词“morally, intellectually, and physically”转换成名词“德、智、体”。 三、转译为形容词:英语中很多形容词都有派生的抽象名词,如:successful---success,而汉语形容词多没有名词形式,这些形容词派生的名词及一些副词在译成汉语时多需转 换为形容汉译英时则反之。 1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她当时的情绪。形容词pale派生的名词pallor 转译成形容词“苍白的”。 2. The security of buying the products of the world famous business companies is wonderful. 购买世界著名商务公司的产品安全,这种感觉好极了。抽象名词security转译成形容词“安全”。 3. He is a perfect stranger in business. 他对做生意完全陌生。此句中名词stranger转译为形容词“陌生的”。 4. Independence is a necessity in her life. 她在生活中必须自立。名词necessity转译成形容词necessary。 5. Our president had prepared meticulously for his journey to Europe. 我们的总裁为他的欧洲之行作了十分周密的准备。英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。 6. From then on, they lived very happily for the rest of their lives. 那以后,他们过着很幸福的生活。副词“happily”转译成汉语中的形容词“幸福”。 四、转换为副词:英语中有些介词短语译成汉语后需要转换成副词,而汉译英时则相反。另外,英汉互译时,名词可转译为副词,同时,形容词与副词之间也常可以互换。 1. He looked at the Letter of Credit given to him by ABC Group in surprise. 他吃惊地看着ABC 集团开给他的信用证。介词短语in surprise 转译成状语“吃惊地”。 2. He sat there in silence. 他静静地坐在那里。介词短语in silence 转译成状语“静静地”。 3. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of our President’s reasons for willingness to begin a new dialogue between two corporations. 它清楚、明白而又心平气和地阐明了我们总裁希望两公司重新开始对话的原因。英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。该句中形容词。clear和unemotional转译成副词。 4. The new boss earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit his clerks. 新老板有礼貌地前来看望他的雇员们,获得了他们的一些好感。名词courtesy转译成副词“有礼貌地”。 练习之视角转化(4) 1. The old man lay awake almost the whole night.老人几乎一夜没有合眼。 2. The teacher really has an open mind.老师真的没有偏见[开明、虚怀若谷]。 3. He is strange to compliment.他不爱听恭维话。 4. I'll see you dead before I accept your term.见你的鬼去,我才不会接受你的条件呢。 5. Only that I know you might be wanted,I should detain you a little longer.要不是知道有人会找你,我会留你多呆一会儿。 6. Not for nothing does a weasel come to a chicken and give New Year greetings.(黄鼠狼给鸡拜年一定有目的。) 7. In 1954, MILLER PESTICIDE AMENDMENT spells out procedures for setting safety limits for pesticide residues on raw agricultural commodities.(1954年,《米勒杀虫剂修正案》详细规定了制定未加工农产品杀虫剂残留的程序。) 8. Offering these benefits did not make him widely popular with his stockholders. (刚开始提供这些津贴的时候,股东们对他都颇有怨言。) 9. Born into postwar uncertainties, in 1946, he grew up with a sense of vocation. (他生于战后动荡的1946年,从小就有一种使命感。 10.There is too much to be desired for the government to crack down bribery and corruption. (政府打击贪污腐败的力度很不尽如人意。) 11. Casual, not so close, friendships are preferable in business.(随意而疏远的友谊在生意场上是可取的。) 12. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. 卡内基的慷慨大度几乎影响到每个美国人的生活。 练习之增减法(5) 1. A book, tight shut, 15 but a block of paper. 一本书,紧紧合上,只是一堆纸。译文需增加“废”字,以使意义明了。 增译为:闲置之书,只是一堆废纸。 2. Success is often just an idea away. 成功往往只是一个念头的距离。译文需增加“失败”一词,以使原句意思表达完善。 增译为:成功与失败往往只是一念之差。 3. English language learners should often watch the English programs of CCTV in order to raise their listening comprehension abilities. 英语学习者应该经常收看CCTV的英语节目以提高其英语听音理解能力。译文需将CCTV 译出,以增加读者的文化背景知识。 增译为:英语学习者应该经常收看中国中央电视台的英语节目以提高其英语听力。 4. The price offered by John is much cheaper than that of Mark. 约翰的报价要比马克的低得多。译文需增译英语中的替代词that以符合汉语的习惯。 增译为:约翰的报价要比马克的报价低得多。 5. Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers. 速度和可靠性是电子计算机的主要优点。译文需增译形容词以使语句形象生动。 增译为:速度快,可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。 6. You were, you are, and you remain to be the consumers of our products. 你们永远是我们的客户。译文需增加表示时态的词汇,以突出感情色彩。增译为:你们过去是,现在是,将来仍然是我们的客户。 7. The inflation distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. 通货膨胀使我们在经济方面的决定不能顺利执行,使节俭的人反而受到惩罚,并且使挣扎的年轻人和靠固定收人的老年人都受到严重打击。译文需增译部分词语以使其明了。增译为:通货膨胀使我们在经济方面的决定不能顺利执行,使节俭的人反而受到惩罚,并且使为生活而挣扎的年轻人和靠固定收入为生的老年人都受到严重打击。 8 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. 增译:中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 9. You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间你就住在这家饭店里。译文译出了物主代词your,不符合汉语习惯。减译为:你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。 10. In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research. 尽管事实上怀特教授最初的试验失败了,但他仍坚持研究。译文重复译出了名词the fact 及其同位语从句。 减译为:尽管怀特教授最初的试验失败了,但他仍坚持研究。 11. Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength. 不锈钢具有高硬度,高强度。译文译出了动词possess,不符合汉语习惯。 减译为:不锈钢硬度大,强度高。 12. Planning and market forces are both means of regulating economic activities. 计划和市场都是调节经济活动的手段。译文译出了名词activities,意义不大。 减译为:计划和市场都是调节经济的手段。 13. Let us know the detailed information on your market. 请告知我方知晓你处市场详细情况。译文中译出了代词us,多余。 减译为:请告知贵方市场详情。 14. On condition that you sign this receipt, I’11 pay the money. 只要你在收据上签字,我就付款。译文译出了套语on condition that,多余。 减译为:你在收据上签字,我就付款。 练习之重复法(6) 1. The child doesn't like this book. Show him a more interesting one. 这个孩子不喜欢这本书,给他找本有趣的书看看。英语中用名词性代词one 替代名词book,汉语译文中应将其重复译出。名词性替代多由the one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等名词性代词充当。 2. We don’t want any more money. We’ve had enough. 我们不要任何资金了,我们的资金已经够了。英语中用不定代词enough 代替enough money,汉语译文中需将其重复译出。名词性代词也可由all, both, some, any, enough 等不定代词充当。 3. Our company is in this building and theirs is in that one. 我们的公司在这座楼,他们的公司在那座楼。在同一句话里,英语用物主代词theirs 替代名词their company,用代词one 代替名词building,而汉语译文则均需重复原词。名词性替代也同样可由mine, yours 等物主代词充当。 4. This reception room is lighter than the one next door. 这间接待室比隔壁的接待室亮。英语中用代词the one 代替名词the reception room,而汉语译文中需将其重复译出。 5. The price offered by ABC Group is quite cheaper than that by CAP Group. ABC集团的报价比CAP集团的报价低得多。代词that替代了名词price。英语中某些含有比较级和最高级的句子多用代词替代重复部分,而汉语译文中要将替代的部分补出。 6. The best watches are those made in Switzerland. 最好的表是瑞士表。代词those 替代了复数名词watches,而汉语译文中需将其重复译出。 7. John speaks German as fluently as Mary does. 约翰的德文说得和马丽说得一样流利。英语中用do替代动词,do有时态和人称的变化。 8. He can run 100 meters within 14 seconds, so do I. 他能在14秒内跑完100米,我也能。该句英语为由do, so等组成的复合替代形式替代谓语。英语中用so替代前一句话的,而汉语译文中需将其重复译出。英语中分别有一些肯定句和否定句的替代句型,如:so + do +主语,so + will +主语,me too 等以及neither + do +主语,nor + do +主语等,专门用来替代前面肯定句及否定句中出现的相同部分。 9. I went to the headquarters of that company because 1 wanted to. 我去了那家公司的总部,因为我想去那儿。英语中用to代替了整个动词不定式。当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时,我们可以只用to这个词,而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。 10. “Have we got enough money?”“I think so.”“我们有足够的钱么?”,“我想钱是足够的。”so可用来替代肯定的that从句,not替代否定的that从句,它们常与I’m afraid, believe, expect, fear,guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。汉语译文中需将替代部分重复译出。 11. Mary is in London and John is there too. 马丽在伦敦,约翰也在伦敦。为了避免重复,英语中的状语也多用副词替代。时间状语的替代形式主要用副词then,地点状语的替代形式主要用副词here 和there,方式状语的替代形式用in that way 和like that。 12 .你答应了帮助他就应该去帮助他。You should help him since you promised to do so. 英语译文中用do 替代动词help,以避免重复汉语原文中的“帮助”。 13. He spoke for the first motion of the directors and against the second. 他赞成董事们的第一个提议,反对第二个提议。英语在形容词second后省略相同的名词motion of the directors,而汉译英中则需将其译出。 14. They are all excellent entrepreneurs, and Kerry is the most excellent I’ve ever seen. 他们都是优秀的企业家,但克里是我见过的最优秀的企业家。英语在形容词excellent后省略相同的名词entrepreneur,而汉译英中则需将其译出。 15. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 书有可浅尝者,有可尽食者,少数则需咀嚼消化。本句为培根的名言,英文第二和第三分句省略动词are以使英文言简意赅,而汉语译文中需将其补译出。 16. John won the first round and Jim the second. 约翰胜了第一轮比赛,吉姆胜了第二轮。后半句英语中省略了动词won,但汉语译文中需将其重复译出。 17. Among the four oil paintings, two appear to be real, others false. 在这四幅油画中,有两幅看起来是真的,另外两幅看起来则是赝品。英语原文中省略动词及其不定式appear to be,而汉语译文中则需重复动词“看起来是”。 练习之数字翻译(7) 1. The output was reduced to 25%. 2. By the year 2010 the world’s annual oil output is expected to fall to 50%. 3. The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times. 4. This year, the production of this kind of machine in our plant is estimated to increase to 3 times compared with 2006. 5. Johnson finished the 200-meter dash in 22 seconds flat. 6. Doctor Smith treated cool 30 patients that day. 7. The explosion is complete in a few thousandths of a second. 8. Hundreds of tall buildings have sprung up in the metropolitan city of Nanjing this year. 9. Tens of millions of Yuan (RMB) have gone into the building of this auditorium with modern electronic facilities. 10. The renovated model of lathe turns twenty percent faster than the previous one. 11. There is an about 100% increase of steel in this steel works in 2006 as compared with 2005. 12. The principal advantage over the old model of refrigerator is a four-fold reduction of both noise and weight. 13. Ten to one, we will overfulfill our production plan for this month. 1.产量减少到了25%。 2.到2010年,世界石油年产量预计将下降到50%。 3.这一设备的误差率降低了3/5。 4.今年我厂这种机器的产量预计是1980年的3倍。(或:今年我厂这种机器的产量预计比2006年增长了2倍。) 5.约翰逊跑完200米正好用了22秒。 6.史密斯医生那天正好给30位病人看了病。 7.爆炸在千分之几秒内便得以完成。 8.今年在南京这座大都市里建造了数以百计的高楼大厦。 9.在建造这座装有现代化电子设备的大礼堂时花费了几千万人民币。 10.这种改进型车床比原先未改进的车床快了20%。 11 . 2006 年这座钢铁厂的钢产量比2005年增加了近100%。 12.与旧式冰箱相比,它的主要优点是重量和噪音都减少了3/4。 13.十有八九,我们将超额完成这个月的生产计划。 14. Let’s go fifty-fifty on the dinner check. 15. The Royalty rates indicated in Attachment of Contract shall be applicable for five (5) years following the date of receipt of the technology, after which, they will be reduced by one percent (1%) per annum. 16. In addition to the payments under the preceding paragraph, Employer will make commission payments to the Employee based on 2.50% of gross sales. This commission will be paid monthly on the last day of the following month. 17. The total volume of state purchase in the first quarter rose by 5 percent, compared with the same period of last year. 14.餐费我们均摊吧! 15.合同附件中规定的提成率适用期为五(5)年,时间从接受技术之日起算,此后,每年将减少百分之一1%)。 16.除前一条款中提到的酬劳外,聘方将以毛销售额的2.50%支付给受聘方作为佣金。这笔佣金每月支付一次,在次月的最后一天支付。 17.和去年相比,国家第一季度的总采购量增加了5个百分点。 词汇翻译之综合练习 一、翻译下列句子,并指出划线词汇在一般语篇和商务语篇中的词义区别. 1. We hereby engage the bills shall be duly honored on presentation. 2. He became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted. 3. The total of our current assets and fixed assets comes to 15 billion US dollars. 4. The company has an absolute interest in the building. 5. Managers with stock options may be using their firms’ resources to increase the short-term value of their own holdings. 6. It treats futures and options uniformly while recognizing the unique features of options. 7. The group is the largest of the four companies, with 15 production facilities throughout the country. 8. The team is directed by senior management from the Audit, Clearing, Legal, Market Surveillance, Research and Trading Floor Department of the CME. 9. Mr. Smith is the artificial person of the company. 10. As of the end of April this year, China had 1,170 listed companies with a total stock market capitalization of 4,546.223 billion RMB. 1.我们在此保证,单据一经提交,我们会如期承兑。[honor在一般语篇中译作“给……以荣誉,赞扬”, 在银行业务中常指“承兑”。] 2.他欣喜若狂,好像他承办大厦建筑的投远已经被接受了。[tender在一般语篇中指“温柔的”,在商 务语境下往往指“招投标”或作动词指“向…提交”。] 3.我们的流动资产与固定资产之和达150亿美元。[current 在一般语篇中译成“当前的”,而在金融会 计行业中则根据上下文常译为“流动的”或“活期的”。] 4.该公司对这幢大楼拥有绝对产权。[interest 在一般语篇中译为“兴趣”、“利益”、“利息”等,在商 务法规中则常译为“绝对产权”或“绝对权益”。] 5.拥有认股期权的经理可能在利用公司资源增加自己所持股权的短期价值。[option 在一般语篇中常 指“选择权”,而在股票行业中往往指“期权”。] 6.它把期货与期权同等对待,同时承认期权独有的特色。[future 在一般语篇中指“将来”,而复数futures 在金融行业中指“期货”。] 7.该集团公司是四个公司里最大的,在全国拥有15个生产基地。[facility一词在此商务语境中作“供 特定用途的场所”解,而在一般语篇中则用来指“容易、便利、设备、工具”等含义。] 8.该小组由芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的审计、结算、法律、市场监督、研究及交易场部门的资深主 管组成。[clearing和floor在一般语篇中分别译作“清扫”和“地板”,而在此商务语境中则分别译作“结算”和“场”。] 9.史密斯先生是该公司的法人。[artificial通常指“假的”、“人工造的”,在此artificial person应译为“法 人”。] 10. 到今年四月底,中国有1 170个上市公司,其股票的市场价值达到45 462. 23亿元人民币。[句中的listed companies指“上市公司”;而market capitalization是证券界最常见的词汇之一,常略为market cap,意为“(股票)的市场价值”,简称“市值”。] 二、翻译下列句子,并注意划线词汇的翻译技巧 1. Here the exporter’s assets (the money due from t he overseas buyers) will always match his liability (his foreign currency borrowings). 2.... And for good reason: Lenders worry that they’ll be throwing money to a black hole. 3. Its acquisition of the group will allow it to gain access to France’s railway business. 4. The unit cost is $ 98, but in view of the size of the order, we can offer a 5% discount. 5. Tobacco and smoking were the subject of 413 broadcast news stories during the year. 6. The products are exported to these densely populated countries. 7. And no wander: being foreign makes his already complicated life as a mobile telecoms executive more complicated still. 8. About 22 percent of the European Union’s exports go to, and 20 percent of its imports come from, developing countries. 9. I bought the book from a self-service bookstand. 10. We should be grateful if you would give us further details of American computers at the earliest time. 二. l. 这样,出口商的资产(应收海外买方的款项)和自己的债务(海外借款)之间总是(保持)平衡的。[match 翻译成“相等、相似、相配、相当于”等都不合适,故在此引申为“平衡”。] 2.……其原因很清楚,放款者担心他们的钱会扔进一个无底洞。[原文中的for the good reason 的本义 是“好的,站得住脚的”,但在这里不能译作“有一个很好的理由”,必须引申为“很清楚”、“很简单” 或“只有一个”才符合汉语的表达习惯。而black hole原意为“黑洞”,如果照字面翻译会令人费解。 另外,钱扔进黑洞就找不回来了,因此,通过引申,译为“无底洞”比较确切。] 3.它对该集团的收购将使其得以进入法国铁路业。[access在英文gain access to中为名词,在翻译过程 中可经过词性转换,变成动词“进入”。] 4.单价是98英镑,不过考虑到您的定货量,我们可以给您打九五折。[5 % discount翻译成“5%的折 扣”,显得有点罗嗦,译成“九五折”更符合汉语的表达习惯,这里应用到视点转换的翻译技巧。] 5.那一年里,广播新闻报道提及烟草和烟草工业413次。[subject从名词变成动词,用到了词性转换 的技巧。] 6.产品出口到这些人口稠密的国家。[densely由副词经过词性变换变成形容词]。 7.毫不奇怪,做移动通信公司的经理已经让他的生活够复杂的了,而身为外国人,还得加个“更”字。[该句话中complicated出现了两次,译文可以把第二次出现的complicated(复杂)省略。] 8.欧盟22%的出口是针对发展中国家,而同时其20 的进口也是来自发展中国家。[译文中出于汉语表 达的习惯把“发展中国家”重复。] 9.这本书我是从一无人售书处购得的。[视点转换:把Self-service(顾客自理的)翻译成“无人售货的”。] 10. 如蒙尽快惠告美国电脑的详细情况,不胜感激。[该句中作主语和宾语的we,you和us都省略了。] 用成/谚语翻译 1. To fight to the last man 2. To break the record 3. Under one's nose 4. Armed to the teeth 5. Packed like sardines 6. Sour grapes 7. A die-hard 8. A gentleman's agreement 9. An olive branch 10. The Trojan horse 11. The heel of Achilles 12. The sword of Damocles 13. The open-door policy 14. The most-favored-nation clause 15. The position-of-strength policy 16. Shuttle diplomacy 17. The cold war 18. The hot war 19. A cat has nine lives 20. Blood is thicker than water 21. Barking dogs do not bite 22. A rolling stone gathers no moss 23. To praise to the skies 24. To fish in troubled waters 25. To add fuel to the fire 26. To be on thin ice 27.Walls have ears 28. Strike while the iron is hot 29. A drop in the ocean 30. To laugh off one's head 31. To shed crocodile tears 32. To be out at elbows 33. To spend money like water 34. At sixes and sevens 35. Six of one and half a dozen of the other 36. Like knows like. 36. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 37. It is a good workman that never blunders. 1.战斗到最后一个人 2.打破记录 3.在某人鼻子底下;公然 4.武装到牙齿 5.挤得象罐头抄丁色 6.酸葡萄 7.死硬派8.君子协定9.橄榄树枝 10.特洛伊木马11.阿基里斯的脚踵12.悬挂在达摩克里斯头顶上的剑13.门户开放政策14.最惠国条款15.实力地位政策 16.穿梭外交17.冷战18.热战 19.猫有九命20.血浓于水21.吠犬不咬人 22.滚石不生苔23.捧上天去24.混水摸鱼 25.火上加油26.如履薄冰27.隔墙有耳 28.趁热打铁29.沧海一粟30.笑掉牙齿 31.猫哭老鼠32.捉襟见肘33.挥金如土 34.七颠八倒,乱七八糟35.半斤八两36.英雄识英雄。 37.一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。 38. 智者千虑,必有一失。 1. To take French leave 2. A stony heart 3. At one's fingertips 4. To have a hand like a foot 5. As mute as a fish 6. To return good for evil 7. To shut one's eyes against 8. To talk black into white 9. To turn a deaf ear to 10. Practice makes perfect 11. To face the music 12. plain sailing 13. To be dead drunk 14. Laugh and grow fat 15. Tweedledee and tweedledum 16. To fly into a rage 17. To look for a needle in a haystack 18. A leap in the dark 19. To show one's colors 20. To make a noise in the world 21. More haste, less speed 22. Neither fish nor flesh 23. To pick holes in 24. To mind one's P's and Q's 25. To be at the end of one's 26. To flog a dead horse rope 27. To turn over a new leaf 30. Out of sight, out of mind. 28. To put all one's eggs in on basket 29. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. 31. great contributions 32. gratitude 33. ingratitude 34. prosperity 35. eternal glory to 36. vivid 37. hesitate 38. arrogance 39. grotesque 40. careless 41. in chaos 42. street gossip 43. rumours 44.How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger's lair? 45. While there is life, there is hope. (So long as the green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.) 46. Deal with a man as he deals with you. 47.One can never succeed without making great efforts. 1.不告而别 2.铁石心肠 3.了如指掌 4.笨手笨脚 5.噤若寒蝉 6.以德报怨 7.视若无睹8.颠倒黑白9.充耳不闻 10.孰能生巧11.临危不惧12.一帆风顺 13.烂醉如泥14.心宽体胖15.半斤八两 16.勃然大怒17.海底捞针18.轻举妄动 19.原形毕露20.名噪一时21.欲速不达 22.不伦不类23.吹毛求疵24.谨言慎行 25.山穷水尽26.徒劳无益27.改过自新 28.孤注一掷29.以眼还眼,以牙还牙。30.眼不见,心不想。 31.丰功伟绩32.感恩戴德33.忘恩负义 34.繁荣昌盛35.永垂不朽36.生动活泼 37.彷徨犹豫38.骄傲自大39.奇形怪状 40.粗心大意41.乌烟瘴气42.街头巷议 43.流言蜚语44.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。45.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 46.以其人之道,还治其人之身。47.不努力便不会成功。 16