[教育学]实用英语综合教程3第四版译文及课后答案

[教育学]实用英语综合教程3第四版译文及课后答案 Unit 5 Text A The Gift of a Lifetime Exercise 2 1(Because he used to appear on TV a lot as the host of the American game show “Let’s Make a Deal”. 2(He was working as a cleaner in order to help support the family and earn his tuition fees. 3(Because they couldn’t afford to. Business was poor, and the family barely scraped by. 4(He decided to put the young man through university, paying everything for him to attend college, including tuition, books, and other living expenses. 5(First, the young man should not tell anyone where he got the money; second, he must maintain top grades; third, he should pay back the money when he could afford to; and finally, he should promise to do the same for someone else in his life. 6(He did quite well in the university. He earned high grades, was near the top of his class and was elected president of the student body. 7. He paid back all the money three years after his graduation and he helped several young people through higher study. But he broke one promise. He told the story of Mr. Freed because he felt that Mr. Freed deserved public admiration for his good deeds and that this story would inspire more people to help others. 8. Helping others is meaningful, worthwhile and rewarding. Not only will those in need be given help, but the helpers will be remembered for what they have done for others. Exercise 3 1(T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T Exercise 4 Spring, successful, scrubbing / cleaning, university, afford, put, cheque, tuition, expenses, conditions, others, top / high, pay, same, Three, repaid, higher, keep, inspire, deserved, reminded, gift Exercise 5 Work out the meaning of the underlined word(s) in each sentence 1. 1) n.2 2) v.1 3) n.3 4) n.4 2. 1) 1 2) 4 3) 1 4) 3 3. 1) 1 2) 3 3) 5 4) 6 Exercise 6 1. host 2.inspire 3. afford 4. expectation 5. deserve 6. recognition 7. brodened 8. maintain 9.tuition 10. fortunate Exercise 7 1. put…through 2. insisted upon 3. went by 4. wrote down 5. carved out out 7. handing over 8. paid back 9. scraped by 10. 6. helped… look over Exercise 8 1. C 2. A 3.D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B 11.A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A Exercise 9 1.It doesn’t matter very much whether they come or not. 2. It is quite likely that he will let you down. 3. It seems that you have taken a dislike to him. 4. It happens that I have had some unpleasant experiences in dealing with him. 5. It is difficult to tell which country is technologically superior in terms of space equipment. 6. It’s impossible that you have found a mistake in a computer’s arithmetic. Exercise 10 Rewrite the sentences after the model. 1. moreover 2. In that case 3. however however 4. therefore 5. after all 6. In other words Text B Exercise 2 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B Exercise 3 1.contribution 2. association 3. echoing 4. passion 5. congratulating 6. resort 7. apologized 8. froze 9.odd 10.expenses Exercise 4 1. pave the way for 2.echoing in my mind 3. amount to 4. hold...together 5. bored...into 6. follow in his footstep 7. in contact with 8. are supportive of Exercise 5 1. I took as much luggage as was allowed. I took as much luggage as was allowed. 2. German is as difficult a language as English. German is as difficult a language as English. 3. A year is as long a time as it takes for the earth to go round the sun once. A year is as long a time as it takes for the earth to go round the sun once. 4. Tom has made as many spelling mistakes as Mary does in their compositions. Tom has made as many spelling mistakes as Mary does in their compositions. 5. We are going to have as hot a summer as we had last year. We are going to have as hot a summer as we had last year. 6. We have as efficient management of the school as they do. Skills Development and Practice Reading skills Practice 1 1.d 2.f 3.j 4.o 5.g 6.e 7.k 8.l 9.m 10.n 11.i 12.b 13.c 14.p 15.h 16.a Practice 2 1. three 2. Brooklyn shop 3.clerk 4. 684-2550 5. supervise production work Translation skills Practice 3 1. 自动生产线最适用于汽车工业，因为那里要生产成千上万个同样的零件。 2. 物质具有一定的特征或特性，所以我们能够很容易地识别各种物质。 3. 虽然电子计算机有很多优点，但它不能进行创造性的工作，也代替不了人。 4. 我们必须给机器的运转部件加油，以便使磨擦大大减少。 5. 由于电子计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常被称作电脑。 Practice 4 1. 虽然从1991年以来，我就没有在电视上主持美国游戏节目“让我们做笔生意”， 但没有一天有人认不出我。 2. 1942年一个空气清新的春日，加拿大温尼伯市的一家制衣厂大力神制造公司 的业主马克斯?弗里德正返回工厂，他的胳膊下面夹着一摞整齐的订单。 3. 它提醒我，无论我们在生活中是干什么的，无论我们在成功的阶梯上爬得多 高，我们最终将因为我们帮助了那些没有我们幸运的人而被记住。 4. 他的父亲是一个成功的医生，用杰夫的话来讲，冷漠而又严厉。他的父亲坚 信，一个人除非能上大学并且在23岁以前从大学毕业，否则永远都不可能对 社会做出重要贡献。 5. 霍尔斯特姆医生张开双臂，似乎想拥抱身边的空气。他低下了头，几乎像是 在道歉。在那么一刻，时间似乎凝固了，大礼堂里似乎只有他们两个人。 Practice 5 1. Ever since he left home, not a day goes by that his parents do not worry about his safety. 2. Since he had been put through college by his high school teachers, he planned to do the same for other poor students. 3. Five years after graduating from university, he carved out a name for himself as a successful journalist. 4. He decided to follow his father’s footsteps to become a lawyer as his father had already paved the way for his success. 5. I should have known earlier that you would never amount to anything. Guided Writing Practice 6 The Impact of Television on Children Many people are worried about what television has done to the children who have grown up watching it. For one thing, recent studies tend to show that TV stifles has taken away the (抑制) creative imagination. Some teachers feel that television child’s ability to form mental pictures in his own mind, resulting in children who cannot understand a simple story without visual illustrations. Secondly, too much TV too early tends to cause children to withdraw from real-life experiences. Thus, they grow up to be passive spectators who can only respond to action, but not initiate it. The third area for concern is the serious complaint frequently made by elementary school teachers that children exhibit a low tolerance for the frustrations of learning. Because they have been conditioned to see all problems resolved in 30 or 60 minutes on TV, they are quickly discouraged by any activity that promises less than instant. Practice 7 推 荐 信 To Whom It May Concern, Mr. Xiang has asked me to recommend him for admission to graduate study in the field of International Business at your university. I am more than happy to do so. I have taught him in a course in Business Accounting and in another in Economics. In both he did excellent work. He distinguished himself not only in the grades he earned but also in his ability to work independently. In dealing with his fellow students, he always showed his willingness to help others and earned their affection and respect. I believe he is qualified for graduate study in his chosen field. Thus, I have recommended him without reservation, and will appreciate your assistance to his application with your admission and financial support. Yours sincerely, Lu Da, professor Dean of Economics Department Of Shanghai University Listening and Speaking Part I Conversation Practice: Making a Phone Call 2. Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the tape. Can I help you reserve a conference room will be available make a reservation on it 3. Now listen to another dialogue and then translate the Chinese sentences into English according to the information you get from the tape. I’d like to reserve a room A double room with bath and overlooking the sea On OK. I’ll book it One week. How much is it This is Ms. Wang Fang Thank you. Bye! Part? Listening Practice A. short conversations Answer: 1) D 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) D 7) B 8) C 9) C 10) B A Script 1) W: I saw Tom at the hospital today. I wonder if his wife is ill. M: No, she’s fine. His daughter just had a baby and he was visiting her. Q: Why was Tom at the hospital? 2) W: John, do you know when the meeting starts? M: Yes, it starts at 10 o’clock. We still have 20 minutes to wait. Q: What time is it now? 3) M: I was hoping that we would see George here today. W: He was planning to come, but then his wife’s father was ill and they had to take him to hospital. Q: Who was ill? 4) M: You’re going to Beijing this weekend, aren’t you? W: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I’ve decided that taking a train would be cheaper than driving or flying. Q: How will the woman go to Beijing? 5) M: Is George seriously injured in the traffic accident? W: I’m afraid he is, but his parents are kept from the news. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 6) M: Hello, Mrs. Smith. This is John Brown. May I speak to my wife now? W: Sorry, she is not here. She is in the lab now and then she’s going to the library. I’ll tell her to call you at home when she is back. Q: Where is the man’s wife now? 7) W: If you give me a hand, I could finish this job before four o’clock this afternoon. M: I would like to, but Mr. George told me to type some letters this afternoon. Q: What will the man probably do? 8) M: Is there anything more to do before we go? W: I can’t think of anything else. I’ve cleaned out the refrigerator and finished packing our clothes. You might telephone for a taxi while I lock the suitcases. Q: What will the man probably do? 9) M: How long does it take to drive across Shanghai? W: Well, that depends on the traffic. If the roads aren’t too busy, you can do it in about an hour. But if you go during the rush hour, then of course it can take one or two more hours. Q: How long does it take to drive across Shanghai during the rush hour? 10) M: I wonder if I could borrow your English-Chinese Dictionary, please? W: You certainly could if I had one, but I gave it to my brother when he entered the university, and I have not bought another one yet. Q: What does the woman mean? B-1. a short passage. 1. You are going to hear aletter. Listen carefully and then put the answers to the question in the blanks. Question 1) : What is the purpose of this passage? Answer: To confirm the reservation and express welcome. Question 2) : What makes the manager sure that the Whites will be satisfied? Answer: The manager has prepared a room that is even nicer than the one they stayed in last time. 2. Listen to the letter again and and judge whether the statements are True (T) or False (F). 1)F 2)T 3)F 4)T 5)F 6)F B-1 Script Dear Mr. White, We were very glad to know that you and your wife will pay another visit to our city next week and would like to stay in our hotel. We have pleasure in confirming the reservation. We’ll provide you with a double room with bath. Theroom overlooks a beautiful garden in Xinghai Park. It’s even nicer than the one you stayed in last time. I’m sure you will be satisfied. The cost of the room is 200 yuan (RMB) per night. This price covers breakfast. We are looking forward to seeing you soon. Yours faithfully, Chang Fang Manager of Xinghai Hotel 3. Now you are going to hear another short passage. Listen carefully and fill in the missing words. 1. name 2. well 3. often 4.short 5. English 6. yesterday 7. country 8.book 9. home 10. first 4. Listen to a more challenging passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear three questions . Choose the best answer. 1) D 2) C 3) D B-4 Script Nobody knows who first invented the umbrella, but it was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a sign of honour. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most Europe. Umbrellas had not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colours. Questions: • 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? • 2. According to the passage, who were the first to use the umbrella as protection against rain in Europe? • 3. When did women’s umbrellas begin to appear? Text A 领导者的潜质 真正伟大的领导者具备什么样的品质呢?不是你们想的那些品质。 人们一直说艰难时期造就最优秀领袖，我对此不敢苟同。当经验不足的领导 者遭遇生意惨淡，公司陷入危机，或者股东要求更多的赢利，他们当然会获 得新的技能。但艰难时期并不塑造伟大的领导者，而是领导者的潜质在困境 中显现出来。 书架上试图解释伟大品质成因的书籍多得使任何经理都不可能读完或能总 结出一条为个人成长和发展的理论。我自己也为这种大量的书籍贡献了一本 书，书名是《抱负成就曲线:解释领导之旅》 (珀耳修斯图书集团，2001)。 我仍旧相信一位经理的个人抱负对自己的成功至关重要，但抱负并不是成就 伟大的唯一途经。 当然有些素质是显而易见的，如前瞻性、激情、自律以及坚忍不拔。但是通 过两年来对那些表现出这些逞强素质的经理的观察和咨询，我自己一直觉得 既好笑又可悲，因为它们在艰难时期并不总是起作用。 当经营状况处于长达两年的衰退期时，前瞻性这东西似乎很空洞。如果状况 看不到复苏的迹象，你的团队会对同样的话感到厌烦。你可以对一个想法或 者一个产品充满激情，但是如果你的竞争对手有更好的想法或产品，这种激 情无济于事。而且近来，自律似乎是减少成本的委婉说法。只有坚忍不拔也 许在困难时期有价值。 可是另有一些品质却能激励人们，帮助企业克服挑战，使其重回发展的正轨。 这些品质成就持久的伟大，不仅仅是在形势有利时期的闪耀一现。这些品质 通常是隐蔽的，而非大肆吹嘘的。我只在那些非常优秀的领导者们身上才看 到有这样的品质。 管理当然首先要设定一个目标。而在明确自己方向之后紧接着需要的是同情 心，这种特性既是硬性也是软性的品质。在经营状况困难重重的时刻，了解 你的员工，你的客户，你的供销商，甚至你的竞争对手所正在经历的情况对 明智决策的制定意义重大。同情心之中对别人的关心，尤其对与你一起工作 的人的关心能够激励人们在困难时期不离不弃。仅有人关心这一事实得到的 回报常常是忠诚。 除了同情心，还要乐意理解本人和公司所面临的问中你个人所承担的责 任。我曾经看到一个经理阶段性地让公司陷入混乱，仅仅是为了显示他有收 拾乱摊子的聪明才智。 许多经理还乐于将公司的状况归咎到他人头上，或像当今这样的时期，归罪 于经济状况。他们不采取行动，而足等待事态自己好转。伟大的领导者会静 静地反省，总足会问足否是门己造成了企业的问题，是否自己正在采取必要 的措施。 为采取决定性举措，卓越的经理总是寻求事实。为了寻找正确的决定，他们 在陌生的领域寻找主意，鼓励争辩。他们也能认清显而易见的事实:当会议 事里很安静的时候，没有人在说出他们内心的真心话。奥地利哲学家卡尔?波 普尔对他的学生们说“我可能错了，你们可能足对的，努力尝试一下，我们 会离真理更近一步。”他的话中体现出这种寻求事实的品质。 乐于如此的坦诚需要你具有受到抨击的能力。达同样要求一个伟大的领导者 鼓励人们对权势说出真相。 你也许会说这太豁达了吧。难道困难时期不需要铁腕领袖和强硬决策吗?那么， 你愿意跟着谁去大干一场呢,是滔滔不绝大讲公司远景，从公司新闻稿上读 内容，公司在走下坡路还假装激情万丈的经理，还是一位聪明的，有感情的， 明白自己的举措会导致公司的成与败的，乐于发现事实的经理呢,后者的潜 质能够成就持久的伟大。 这样说来，我想到了吉姆?伯克，强生公司的前任总裁，他领导公司度过了泰诺 危机。我还回想到了哈里?杜鲁门，从男子饰品店长成长为国家领袖，他寻 求真理，以事实说话。没有民意测验专家或者公关人员告诉哈里应该说些什 么。 现在是再次显现伟大品质的时候了。 Text B 如何成为工作中的领导 大多数组织机构都至少拥有一个人，她天生就是领导人。当宣布她将领导一 支新团队时，员工们排队争相加入这个团队。她要求有人自愿去完成一项任 务时，人们积极响应，主动请缨。员工把她当成自己的老师，把她看成是楷 模。 而同时组织中其他一些人却因为几乎没有什么人力资源在艰难地应付自己 的工作。那么，那些天生的领导者们究竟是如何做到这一点的呢?他们有什么 诀窍使人们为他们付出超乎常人的努力的呢? 尽管许多才能卓越的领导们天生具有领导气质，但是还是有许多领导行为可 被任何想获取更多支持的人所采用。有些领导手法可能听起来具有操控性质， 但是明智的领导知道最好的结果源于使别人心甘情愿地支持你。 正如美国总统德怀特?D?艾森豪威尔将军给领导下的定义， “领导是一 门让别人因为他自己也恕做而做你想完成的某件事的艺术。” 人们自然想追随一位好领导。当遇到一个富有成效的领导后，自己感到振奋、 激励和鼓舞，祝一个共同目标奋斗是很常见的。富有成效领导们会使别人对 他们自己以及从事的工作都感觉良好。领导者对自己想要达到的目标有清楚 的认识，并能够将以某种方法把这个认识传递给其他人，使他们想成为这个 目标的一部分。 优秀的领导通常做的一件事足传达整体图景，这样每一个员工都能了解自己 所从事的工作对最终目标会起到什么样的作用。 《爱他们还是失去他们》一书的作者贝弗莉?凯和莎伦?乔丹一埃艾斯在最 近对各种规模公司所有阶层的员工的一次研究中发现，在被问到为仆么留在 公司工作时，90,的员工给出前三条理由中的一条是“有意义的工作，能起 作用，能做出贡献”。 (这前三条的其它理由是职业发展，学习进步以及振 奋人心的工作和具有挑战性)。 当某个人认识到一项原本也许被视为枯燥乏味的工作非常重要时，这个人就 有可能对工作更敬业，工作成效会更高。 人们也往往愿意追随那些在他们眼里圯积极乐观楷模的领导。如果领导对某 事显示出强烈的信念，这信念激励着其他人朝着领导者的目标奋斗，即便形 势可能看上米几乎毫无希望时也是如此。曾面对过这种情况的领导者最好的 一个是李?亚科卡，20世纪80年代美国克莱斯勒汽个公司的财富步入 低谷，他把自己的工资削减为年薪1美元，以此来证明自己的信念，即情况 会好起来的。情况确实好起来了。在他的领导下，克莱斯勒公司繁盛起米。 好的领导不仅“说到做到”，而且还“说出要实现的目标”。谈及未来，他们 积极乐观。马克维?克?托汉森是一位成功的励志演讲者和《心灵鸡汤》丛 书的作杆之，他说即使在他职业生涯的早期，当有人问他近况如何的时候， 他总是回答说非常好。他的积极向上的热情为他赢得了大批支持者，帮助他 将梦想变成现实。 然而有些人从他人那里寻求帮助的方法是告诉别人形势是多么的糟糕，希望 这会使得别人想要帮助逆转局势。恰恰相反，小驴屹耳们(听上去像是阴郁的 小熊维尼漫画中的角色)会鼓励人们开始寻求别的工作，而不是努力地去改善 自己所处的境况。 如果你容易变得消极，而又想激励别人支持你达到目标的话，下决心把精力 集中在解决方法上而不是问题上。如果A不起作用，不要抱怨处境，应 当想出计划B来，有必要准备好计划C。保持一种信心十足的心态，你就有 可能吸引别人来支持你实现目标。 好的领导除了告诉别人自己的设想外，他们还懂得要告诉员工这个设想能给 他们带来什么，从而促使员工付出更多的努力。 他们还懂得对不同的人用不同的事物激励。对于那些想要有所成就而激励自 己的员工，领导会解释这项任务是如何给了一个机会去实现一项具有挑战性 而又能够达到的目标。对于那些想要权万的人，就告诉他们参与其中会给他 们带来声望，从而拥有更多的机会。而那些因归属感而受到激发的员工，他 们想听的则是他们将成为一起工作的团队中的一份子。 高效的领导也会多种方法传达他们的信念:每一个团队成员都是重要的，包 括记住并使用员工喜欢使用的名字(例如如果某人喜欢被叫作理查德，就不要 叫他里克)。正如戴尔?卡内基所说:“一般的人对自己的姓名比对地球上所 有其他人的名字加在一起还感兴趣”。记忆名字的诀窍在于当被介绍给某人时 要注意别人的名字，在脑海中重复记忆这个名字，然后在交谈中用到它。 好的领导会首先用姓名介绍员工，而不是头衔。他们把员工称作是团队成员、 伙伴或者是同事，绝不是下属，而且不会区分重要的和不重要的员工，或者 专业的和非专业的员工。言语具有影响力，包括能够让员工感受到他们是否 对企业的成败举足轻重。 好的领导相信每一个成员都很重要，他们会营造一种氛围，让员工们在其中感受 到他们是重要的。所以他们能吸引到所有他们需要的支持来帮助他们实现目 标就不足为奇了。 Unit 6 Text A The Taxi Driver Exercise 2 1(He was talking to someone on his phone. 2(They had been doing six different things. The driver was driving, talking on his phone and watching a video. The author was riding, working on his laptop and listening to his iPod. There was only one thing they never did: Talk to each other. 3(He said the era of foreign correspondents quoting taxi drivers was over. The taxi driver was too busy to give a foreign correspondent a quote. 4(He wanted to tell us that technology is dividing us as much as uniting us. Technology can make the far feel near, but it can also make the near feel very far. 5(Because before he lost his cellphone, its ringing constantly broke his concentration. Exercise 3 1(T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T Exercise 4 At the airport: a French friend，in conversation On the way to the hotel: an hour，six different， talking on his phone and watching a video， working on his laptop and listening to his iPod， Talk to each other Alain Frachon’s comments: foreign correspondents quoting taxi drivers Illustration of his story: uniting us, feel near, the near feel very far. Sharing his story with Linda Stone: continuous partial attention, where we actually are physically His experience in San Francisco: the light turned green, she hit the brakes This age of interruption overwhelming: his concentration Exercise 5 Work out the meaning of the underlined word(s) in each sentence 1. 1) 3 2) 1a 3) 2c 4) 1b 2. 1) 3 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1 3. 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 4 Exercise 6 1. quoting 2. let alone 3. continuous 4. overwhelming 5. witnessed 6. were deep in 7. reflected on 8. related 9. interruption 10. illustrates 11. accessible 12. era Exercise 7 1.A 2. A 3.D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11.D 12.A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B Exercise 9 Exercise 8 1. you have any news 2. I walked in the door 3. you hear from him 4. you get the result 5. I saw you 6. I got home I got home 7. I saw him 8. I get the money Exercise 9 1. needn’t have booked 2. should have booked 3. didn’t need to get didn’t need to get 4. shouldn’t have borrowed 5. needed to get 6. shouldn’t have been shouldn’t have borrowed driving Text B Exercise 2 1. T 2.T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T Exercise 3 1. balance 2. diverse 3. necessity 4. track 5. increasingly 6. speculate 7. convenient 8. potentially 9. reliance 10. vanish Exercise 4 1. get across 2. ranging from … to 3. lose touch with 4. in that 5.in terms of 6. is limited to 7.has been around 8.have changed for the worse Exercise 5 Being planted learnt telephoning 1. 2.3.4.Being planted learnt telephoning 5. Used 6. ruining 7. having 8. held Used Skills Development and Practice Reading skills Practice 1 1. Cycles 2. cycle computer 3. shoe 4. cycle bags 5. mountain bike 6. cycle helmet Practice 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T Translation skills Practice 3 1. 这些形式的污染像所有其它形式的污染一样，其破坏性的因果关系链可归根于一个主要的原因:太多的汽车，太多的工厂，太多的洗涤剂，太多的杀虫剂，越来越多的喷气式飞机留下的尾气，不足的污水消毒处理方法，太少的水源，太多的一氧化碳。 2. 另外，矿物燃料每年释放52亿公吨二氧化碳进入大气，同时热带森林的燃烧大约释放出18亿公吨二氧化碳，这两方面都对二氧化碳的集结产生作用，因而会很快引发温室效应。 3. 住宿学校和走读学校的平均费用至1993年9月止，上升了40,;而在前一年费用增长率为8.5,，在再前两年费用增长率每年都超过12,。 4. 当被问起为什么英国人在奢侈品上花钱没有意大利人和法国人气派时，菲利普?利奥波德?梅茨格—— 原法国珠宝商卡蒂埃伦敦地区负责人当即回答:因为房 屋的价格和学校的费用。 5. 就英国学校费用的安排提出建议的还有一些独立公司:贝恩?克拉克森金融服务公司、弗雷泽?马尔公司、学校费用投资公司、学校费用保险公司、托里?劳金融策划公司、约翰逊?弗赖金融服务公司和白头伙伴公司。 Practice 4 1. 我把所有这些告诉我在《世界报》当编辑的朋友阿兰?弗拉雄，他风趣地说道: “我想，外国通讯记者把出租车司机当消息来源的年代已经结束了，因为现在 的出租车司机已经忙到没办法给你任何消息。” 2. 我讲述这一些是因为它说明了我近来感受愈来愈深的事情——科技使得我 们紧密联系也同样使我们之间疏远。的确，科技可以使天涯若比邻，但它也 可以让咫尺之距变得遥不可及。 3. 嘿～我喜欢和很多人接触，彼此有简单的联系，但是在这个许多你认识的人， 甚至有更多是你不认识的，都能通过电子邮件或手机联络你的年代，我发现 这个干扰的年代真是势不可挡。 4. 互联网的兴起也许是近代我们生活中出现的最具革命意义的事物之一。 5. 当考虑如果没有互联网生活会是什么样子时，最明显的变化应该算是我们交 流方式的改变。 Practice 5 1. He often reflected on the changes that had taken place since the rise / birth of the Internet. 2. At that time, there was no telephone line, let alone the Internet access. 3. The Internet has made us so accessible and at the same time inaccessible. 4. What techniques do they use to get their message across? 5. For many people, the Internet has made shopping much easier because there are more options available Guided Writing Practice 6 All the large cities in the United States, and many of the smaller ones, have their own newspapers. Some cities have more than one. You may already have heard of some of these newspapers and magazines. There are some newspapers that are read all over the country, such as _ The New York Times, The Washington Post, U.S.A. Today, The Christian Science Monitor, and The Wall Street Journal, which specializes in financial news. In addition to daily newspapers, there are also many news magazines whichare published once a week. Among the best known weekly news magazines are Time, Newsweek, US News and World Report Practice 7 课程申请表 A (1) (强化英语) H (2) (您将来打算谋求何种职业或接受何种高等教育)? E (3) (课前学习技能) B (4) (将要参加的考试) C (5) (初级) D (6) (高中级) F (7) (接受您修读某门课程的信函) G (8) (一份正式的录取通知书, 可持此通知书申请签证) Listening and Speaking Part I Conversation Practice: Making a Phone Call 2. Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the tape. the fish tastes as good as it looks How delicious it is you like Chinese food 3. Now listen to another dialogue and then translate the Chinese sentences into English according to the information you get from the tape. It is a special local product of this province. Then please have some more 4. Now listen to the third dialogue and try to play Lu’s part. Thank you, Jack Well, I don’t think I can manage them. I prefer chopsticks. Beer, please. Part? Listening Practice A. short conversations Answer: 1) B 2) C 3) A 4) D 5) A 6) D 7) C 8) B 9) D 10) B A Script 1) M: I can come to your office and pick you up in half an hour. Is that all right? W: Good. That means you’ll be here at eight forty. Q: What time is it now? 2) W: Are you going to the basketball game? M: No. The tickets are too expensive for me. I think I’ll stay at home and watch the game on TV. Q: What is the man going to do? 3) W: Excuse me. Mr. Brown, can I borrow these books? M: Sorry. You are allowed to have only one book at a time. Q: Who is Mr. Brown? W: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I’ve decided that taking a train 4) W: How long will it take this package to get to Beijing by air? M: By air? About two days. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? 5) M: Oh, hi. I’m glad you called. I’ve been trying to call all morning. But there was no answer. W: I know. I visited Janet before I went shopping, and then went to the post office. Q: What did the woman do first in the morning? 6) M: Do you feel like going to a movie? W: No, I’m not in the mood today. Let’s go dancing for a change tomorrow. Q: What does the woman mean? 7) W: Please turn down the radio. I can’t hear anything my friend is saying on the phone. M: Hurry up and finish your call. You’ve been disturbing me, too. Q: What is the man doing? 8) M: I’m so tired. I can’t keep my mind on what I’m doing. You know we have an English test tomorrow and I’m nervous. W: Why don’t you take a few minutes off? Have a cup of coffee and you can relax. Q: Why does the man feel nervous? 9) W: Tom is a quiet boy. He rarely says a thing. M: Yes, he is. But his brother Bob is just the opposite. Q: What does the man think of Tom’s brother? 10) M: I’m still waiting for the clerk to come back and make some copies of this paper for me. W: Why bother him? I’ll show you how easy it is to work the machine. Q: What does the woman mean? B-1. a short passage. 1. B 2. 1)F 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)T 6)F 7)T 8)F B-1 Script Do you want to invite foreign friends for a dinner party at home? Here are some rules to follow. First, cook some traditional Chinese food like spring rolls, and invite your guests to join you. This often makes them enjoy the dinner party all the more. Before serving the dinner, offer them soft drinks and fruit juice. At the dinner table, let your guests serve themselves. Offer them a second serving after they finish, but don’t ask more than twice. Most important of all is to be natural. You don’t need to try too hard to be polite. Follow these rules, and you’ll have a pleasant time with your foreign friends. 3. Now you are going to hear another short passage. Listen carefully and fill in the missing words. 1. seventeen 2. pretty 3. birthday 4.short 5. presents 6. eat 7. games 8. wonderful 4. Listen to a more challenging passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear three questions . Choose the best answer. 1) B 2) A 3) C B-4 Script We have rather a small house, with only one spare bedroom. You can imagine our worry, when Aunt Johnson wrote to say that she was coming to stay with her family for the weekend. Her family, I should explain, consists of four boys, all under the age of twelve. I sent off a telegram at once, saying that our house was too small. Aunt Johnson called us up the next morning. “I forgot to explain,” she said in her sweetest voice, “the boys will be bringing a couple of tents.” Even so, my wife was still worried. It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the problem of feeding four growing boys. “And what if it rains?” she demanded. But Saturday morning turned out to be bright and clear when I went to the station to meet Aunt Johnson. I managed to put three of the boys, together with the luggage, into the back of the car. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Johnson and me. “I didn’t see the tents among your luggage”, I remarked over my shoulder to David, the eldest boy. “The tents!” exclaimed Aunt Johnson. “Heavens! We left them in the home.” Questions: • 1. What worried the speaker most when his aunt’s family came to visit him for the weekend? • 2.Where were the children supposed to sleep? • 3.What is true according to the story? Text A 出租车司机 几天前的那个晚上，我抵达法国巴黎戴高乐机场时，接我的是一位法国朋友 派来的司机。那个司机拿着一个写了我名字的牌子，可当我走近他时，我注意到 他正在自言白语，讲得非常起劲。我走近一点后才注意到他耳朵上戴着一个蓝芽 无线耳机，正聊得起劲。我指着自己表示我就是他要接的人，他点点头，继续和 电话另一端的人交谈。 我的行李到的时候，我一把把它从传送带上提过来。司机指了指出口的方向， 我就跟着他走，他则继续打电话。我们进入车子后，我说:“你知道我住哪家旅 馆吗?”他说:“不知道。”我把地址拿给 他看，然后他继续打电话。 车子开动后，我看到在那块通常显示全球定位系统道路地图仪表板上有块屏幕上他正播放一部电影。我之所以会注意到这是因为在他电话谈话和看电影之间，我几乎无法集中精神。唉，我坐在后座试图在笔记本电脑上完成一篇专栏文章。当我写完所能写的时候，拿出了自己的iPod，听起史蒂维?尼克斯的专辑，而司机则是继续打电话、开车、看电影。 抵达旅馆之后，我思考着我们的这趟旅程:这个司机和我相处了一个小时，而我们两个人之间做着六件不同的事情，他开车、打电话、看影片，而我则是坐车、用笔记本电脑工作、听我的iPod。 只有一件事是我们两个都没有做的:与对方交谈。 那很可惜，他很年轻，是一位讲法语的非洲人，也许有很多东西可告诉我。我把所有这些告诉我在《世界报》当编辑的朋友阿兰?弗拉雄，他风趣地说道:“我想，外国通讯记者把出租车司机当消息来 源的年代已经结束了，因为现在的出租车司机已经忙到没办法给你任何消息。” 阿兰说的对。你知道那个老掉牙的故事，“我的巴黎出租车司机告诉我关于法国选举„„”嗯，你可以忘记曾经看过那样开头的专栏了。我的司机忙到没时间打声招呼，更别说是评论政治了。 我讲述这一些是因为它说明了我近来感受愈来愈深的事情——科技使得我们紧密联系也同样使我们之间疏远。的确，科技可以使天涯若比邻，但它也可以让咫尺之距变得遥不可及。说不定我的那个司机当时是与他在非洲的父母通电话。这是多么棒的一件事啊!但这也意味着我们两人不会有任何交谈，而我们当时彼此之间仅有两英尺之隔。 当我告诉琳达?斯通这个故事时，她这样评论道:“我们是这么地容易接近，却也如此难以接近。我们无法找到我们的器械上或我们自身的停止按钮„我们想要戴上iPod竭力去听自己播放的节目，同时竭力使自己与世隔绝，与所有的外界噪音隔绝。我们无所不在——除了我们身体所在之处。”琳达是一位技术专家，她曾将网络时代疾病称之为“持续性的局部注意症”——两个人同时在做六件事，但对每一件事却只给予部分注意力。 一个月之前，我在旧金山，有一天外出散步。我站在十字路口等着穿过马路时，一名男子戴着iPod,跑步来到我身旁停了下来。绿灯一亮，他就立即全力冲出马路，但这时一名女子开车闯过黄灯，差点撞上了他，幸好她及时煞车。这名女子当时正拿着手机贴在右耳打电话，用左手开车。我心里不禁想，我刚目睹了第一宗后现代式的地方新闻，立刻在脑海中写下了导语:“一名边用手机打电话边开车的女子撞上了一名边听iPod边跑步穿过街道的男子，详见第6页。” 嘿!我喜欢和很多人接触，彼此有方便的联系，但是在这个许多你认识的人，甚至有更多是你不认识的人都能通过电子邮件或手机联络你的年代，我发现这个干扰的年代真是让你不知所措。当我能一次做一件事的时候，我会变得比较聪明。我知道我不是唯一这样的人。 几个星期前，我试着联络我在耶路撒冷的朋友亚伦?埃兹拉希。我不断地打他的手机，但都没有回应。最后，我在他家里找到了他。 “亚伦，你的手机怎么了?”我问他。 “几个月前被偷了，”他回答，并补充道他决定不再换新手机了，因为他觉得手机的铃声经常打乱他的注意力。“从那一天起，我每天早上起床做的第一件 事就是感谢偷走我手机的小偷，并且祝福他长 命百岁。” Text B 没有互联网的日子会怎样? 互联网的兴起大概可以算作是近代以来我们生活中出现的最具革命性的事物之一。其实互联网已经在我们身边以这样或那样的方式存在了大约二十年了，但只是最近十年左右，它才成为我们生活中无处不在的一部分。在想象没有网络的生活会是怎样时，我们应该记住这一点，我们中许多人已经对某种形式存在的网络产生了依赖。 在工作和研究方面，互联网使信息搜索比以前方便的多得多。过去要寻找书和文章，我们需要跑很多趟图书馆，花费大量的时问，但是现在大部分工作只需要坐在电脑前，通过搜索引擎就能做到。如果你能在网上找到需要的文章，就能节省出大量的时间来。另外，如果没有互联网，为学期论文或者商业议案准备资料时，只能局限于你在自己所处的周周地方能找到的。因此，如果你住在没有许多什么书店或图书馆的农村地区，那么很可能你所能找到和查看的资料会比身处更丰富的文化和文学环境中的人搜集到的资料要匮乏的多得多。 在零售方面，对许多人来说，互联网使购物变得更加容易。网上购物可能意味着货物的选择要比大商场和你镇上的小店所能提供的选择更多。而且，在任何地方能上网购物也使得购买礼物的过程变得更加容易，遗样也就可能省掉了之前用来停车和包装礼物的时间。世界各地的许多人网上购物的原因各有不同，有人是因为讨厌商场里拥挤的人群，有人是因为太忙，找不到其它更好的方法购物。 当思考没有互联网的生活会是什么样子时，最明显的变化则是我们交流方式的改变。不幸的是，在这方面，情况也许已经变得糟糕。每当提到用电子邮件和其它即时通信方式联系他人时，我们总是称赞这些方式有多方便。但是事实是我们可能已经对人与人之间面对面的交往方式感到陌生了。网络世界的匿名性意味着争论可能会变得更加令人不快，因为彼此甚至都不要考虑对方的观点。这种情况在各种网络论坛上随处可见，因为不用说出真实姓名，你可以在不用担心遭到报复的情况下攻击他人的观点。另外，依靠网络和即时消息而不是打电话或者去面对面交流也使看懂对方变得更难，因为即使看不到对方对你的建议有何反应，决定就做出了。在过去，谈话和交流要比现在更加即时，因为你能在电话里或者现场谈话里听到对方的声音，而互联网已设法创造出一个不需要听到对方声音或者看到对方的脸也能传递消息的世界。在这样的世界里，人与人之间的接触似乎淹没在了几乎随处可见的电子邮件和即时消息中。在有些情况下，这种方式确实在某种情况下提供了巨大的方便，但有时却缺少了写一封亲笔信、面对面交谈或者打电话交谈所传达出的那种精神。 所以，当人们猜测离开了互联网的生活会怎样时，他们该怎么做呢?这是一个很难回答的问题，因为即使现在仍有一小部分家庭没有电脑，上网已经成为现今人类生活必不可少的一部分。年长一些的读者可能还记得以前电脑只是出现在学校、办公室和政府大楼里稀罕东西的日子。对很多人来说，这样的日子早巳一去不复返了。和电脑一样，互联网也已经成为了我们文化的一部分，也就是意味着我们中很多人离开了网络都不知道该如何生活了。如果没有网络，我们可能最 终也能活下来(在我们现在认为网络是必不可少前的生活一样)，但是有一段时间，日子会很难熬，尤其是对那些真正与网络一起成长起来的人来说。互联网在过去几年里已经成为我们社会中举足轻重的一部分，而且不大可能消失。我们所要做的就是把握好网络交流和真实世界交流的平衡点，而在现今这个技术时代里，我们似乎正在逐渐缺失的正是这样的一种平衡关系。 Unit 7 Text A 领导者的潜质 真正伟大的领导者具备什么样的品质呢?不是你们想的那些品质。 人们一直说艰难时期造就最优秀领袖，我对此不敢苟同。当经验不足的领导者遭遇生意惨淡，公司陷入危机，或者股东要求更多的赢利，他们当然会获得新的技能。但艰难时期并不塑造伟大的领导者，而是领导者的潜质在困境中显现出来。 书架上试图解释伟大品质成因的书籍多得使任何经理都不可能读完或能总结出一条为个人成长和发展的理论。我自己也为这种大量的书籍贡献了一本书，书名是《抱负成就曲线:解释领导之旅》 (珀耳修斯图书集团，2001)。我仍旧相信一位经理的个人抱负对自己的成功至关重要，但抱负并不是成就伟大的唯一途经。 当然有些素质是显而易见的，如前瞻性、激情、自律以及坚忍不拔。但是通过两年来对那些表现出这些逞强素质的经理的观察和咨询，我自己一直觉得既好笑又可悲，因为它们在艰难时期并不总是起作用。 当经营状况处于长达两年的衰退期时，前瞻性这东西似乎很空洞。如果状况看不到复苏的迹象，你的团队会对同样的话感到厌烦。你可以对一个想法或者一个产品充满激情，但是如果你的竞争对手有更好的想法或产品，这种激情无济于事。而且近来，自律似乎是减少成本的委婉说法。只有坚忍不拔也许在困难时期有价值。 可是另有一些品质却能激励人们，帮助企业克服挑战，使其重回发展的正轨。这些品质成就持久的伟大，不仅仅是在形势有利时期的闪耀一现。这些品质通常是隐蔽的，而非大肆吹嘘的。我只在那些非常优秀的领导者们身上才看到有这样的品质。 管理当然首先要设定一个目标。而在明确自己方向之后紧接着需要的是同情心，这种特性既是硬性也是软性的品质。在经营状况困难重重的时刻，了解你的员工，你的客户，你的供销商，甚至你的竞争对手所正在经历的情况对明智决策的制定意义重大。同情心之中对别人的关心，尤其对与你一起工作的人的关心能够激励人们在困难时期不离不弃。仅有人关心这一事实得到的回报常常是忠诚。 除了同情心，还要乐意理解本人和公司所面临的问题中你个人所承担的责任。我曾经看到一个经理阶段性地让公司陷入混乱，仅仅是为了显示他有收拾乱摊子的聪明才智。 许多经理还乐于将公司的状况归咎到他人头上，或像当今这样的时期，归罪于经济状况。他们不采取行动，而足等待事态自己好转。伟大的领导者会静静地反省，总足会问足否是门己造成了企业的问题，是否自己正在采取必要的措施。 为采取决定性举措，卓越的经理总是寻求事实。为了寻找正确的决定，他们在陌生的领域寻找主意，鼓励争辩。他们也能认清显而易见的事实:当会议事里很安静的时候，没有人在说出他们内心的真心话。奥地利哲学家卡尔?波普尔对他的学生们说“我可能错了，你们可能足对的，努力尝试一下，我们会离真理更近一步。”他的话中体现出这种寻求事实的品质。 乐于如此的坦诚需要你具有受到抨击的能力。达同样要求一个伟大的领导者鼓励人们对权势说出真相。 你也许会说这太豁达了吧。难道困难时期不需要铁腕领袖和强硬决策吗?那么，你愿意跟着谁去大干一场呢,是滔滔不绝大讲公司远景，从公司新闻稿上读内容，公司在走下坡路还假装激情万丈的经理，还是一位聪明的，有感情的，明白自己的举措会导致公司的成与败的，乐于发现事实的经理呢,后者的潜质能够成就持久的伟大。 这样说来，我想到了吉姆?伯克，强生公司的前任总裁，他领导公司度过了泰诺危机。我还回想到了哈里?杜鲁门，从男子饰品店长成长为国家领袖，他寻求真理，以事实说话。没有民意测验专家或者公关人员告诉哈里应该说些什么。 现在是再次显现伟大品质的时候了。 Text B 如何成为工作中的领导 大多数组织机构都至少拥有一个人，她天生就是领导人。当宣布她将领导一支新团队时，员工们排队争相加入这个团队。她要求有人自愿去完成一项任务时，人们积极响应，主动请缨。员工把她当成自己的老师，把她看成是楷模。 而同时组织中其他一些人却因为几乎没有什么人力资源在艰难地应付自己的工作。那么，那些天生的领导者们究竟是如何做到这一点的呢?他们有什么诀窍使人们为他们付出超乎常人的努力的呢? 尽管许多才能卓越的领导们天生具有领导气质，但是还是有许多领导行为可被任何想获取更多支持的人所采用。有些领导手法可能听起来具有操控性质，但是明智的领导知道最好的结果源于使别人心甘情愿地支持你。 正如美国总统德怀特?D?艾森豪威尔将军给领导下的定义， “领导是一门让别人因为他自己也恕做而做你想完成的某件事的艺术。” 人们自然想追随一位好领导。当遇到一个富有成效的领导后，自己感到振奋、激励和鼓舞，祝一个共同目标奋斗是很常见的。富有成效领导们会使别人对他们自己以及从事的工作都感觉良好。领导者对自己想要达到的目标有清楚的认识， 并能够将以某种方法把这个认识传递给其他人，使他们想成为这个目标的一部分。 优秀的领导通常做的一件事足传达整体图景，这样每一个员工都能了解自己所从事的工作对最终目标会起到什么样的作用。 《爱他们还是失去他们》一书的作者贝弗莉?凯和莎伦?乔丹一埃艾斯在最近对各种规模公司所有阶层的员工的一次研究中发现，在被问到为仆么留在公司工作时，90,的员工给出前三条理由中的一条是“有意义的工作，能起作用，能做出贡献”。 (这前三条的其它理由是职业发展，学习进步以及振奋人心的工作和具有挑战性)。 当某个人认识到一项原本也许被视为枯燥乏味的工作非常重要时，这个人就有可能对工作更敬业，工作成效会更高。 人们也往往愿意追随那些在他们眼里圯积极乐观楷模的领导。如果领导对某事显示出强烈的信念，这信念激励着其他人朝着领导者的目标奋斗，即便形势可能看上米几乎毫无希望时也是如此。曾面对过这种情况的领导者最好的一个例子是李?亚科卡，20世纪80年代美国克莱斯勒汽个公司的财富步入低谷，他把自己的工资削减为年薪1美元，以此来证明自己的信念，即情况会好起来的。情况确实好起来了。在他的领导下，克莱斯勒公司繁盛起米。 好的领导不仅“说到做到”，而且还“说出要实现的目标”。谈及未来，他们积极乐观。马克维?克?托汉森是一位成功的励志演讲者和《心灵鸡汤》丛书的作杆之，他说即使在他职业生涯的早期，当有人问他近况如何的时候，他总是回答说非常好。他的积极向上的热情为他赢得了大批支持者，帮助他将梦想变成现实。 然而有些人从他人那里寻求帮助的方法是告诉别人形势是多么的糟糕，希望这会使得别人想要帮助逆转局势。恰恰相反，小驴屹耳们(听上去像是阴郁的小熊维尼漫画中的角色)会鼓励人们开始寻求别的工作，而不是努力地去改善自己所处的境况。 如果你容易变得消极，而又想激励别人支持你达到目标的话，下决心把精力集中在解决方法上而不是问题上。如果计划A不起作用，不要抱怨处境，应当想出计划B来，有必要准备好计划C。保持一种信心十足的心态，你就有可能吸引别人来支持你实现目标。 好的领导除了告诉别人自己的设想外，他们还懂得要告诉员工这个设想能给他们带来什么，从而促使员工付出更多的努力。 他们还懂得对不同的人用不同的事物激励。对于那些想要有所成就而激励自己的员工，领导会解释这项任务是如何给了一个机会去实现一项具有挑战性而又能够达到的目标。对于那些想要权万的人，就告诉他们参与其中会给他们带来声望，从而拥有更多的机会。而那些因归属感而受到激发的员工，他们想听的则是他们将成为一起工作的团队中的一份子。 高效的领导也会多种方法传达他们的信念:每一个团队成员都是重要的，包 括记住并使用员工喜欢使用的名字(例如如果某人喜欢被叫作理查德，就不要叫 他里克)。正如戴尔?卡内基所说:“一般的人对自己的姓名比对地球上所有其他 人的名字加在一起还感兴趣”。记忆名字的诀窍在于当被介绍给某人时要注意别 人的名字，在脑海中重复记忆这个名字，然后在交谈中用到它。 好的领导会首先用姓名介绍员工，而不是头衔。他们把员工称作是团队成员、 伙伴或者是同事，绝不是下属，而且不会区分重要的和不重要的员工，或者专业 的和非专业的员工。言语具有影响力，包括能够让员工感受到他们是否对企业的 成败举足轻重。 好的领导相信每一个成员都很重要，他们会营造一种氛围，让员工们在其中感受 到他们是重要的。所以他们能吸引到所有他们需要的支持来帮助他们实现目标就 不足为奇了。 Unit8 Text A Getting the Right Job: A Matter of What Else You Know Exercise 2 1(She found it is as important to research the potential boss as it is to research the company. 2(To form a composite of the potential boss / a more complete picture of the potential boss so as to learn what qualities and skills he or she values and then, you can include experiences and activities in your resume that indicate you have those qualities and skills. 3(Information about math and financial background and related organizations and information about interpersonal skills. 4(To show their ability to think creatively. 5(One page. Exercise 3 1(T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F Exercise 4 The findings of Barbara’s study: it is important to research both __the company and the potential boss. The goal is to form a composite of the potential employer. Applicants can research the boss by 1) checking with communications department for _press releases, 2) conducting a literature search for local and regional publications, 3) talking to current and former employees, and 4) talking with acquaintances in _the same or similar industries. Why membership in professional organization and even social clubs is important: Recruiters rely upon an applicant’s _outside activities to help form a more complete picture of the applicant. To increase your chances of being hired: 1) Phone the person in the position now, asking about _the job (skills, assignments, time involved), the boss, his or her management style and the work environment. 2) Become involved in professional organizations in a leadership capacity. 3) Talk with employees at all levels of the company about _its work, products, philosophy and values. Include only the information that is relevant to this job and that shows you have the skills this boss is looking for. Ideal résumé length: _One page.. Exercise 5 Work out the meaning of the underlined word(s) in each sentence 1. 1) v1 2) v2 3) v5 4) n1 2. 1) 5 2) 3 3) 1 4) 5 3. 1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 1 Exercise 6 1. motivation 2. resumes 3. philosophy 4. applicants 5. conducting 6. demonstrated 7. considerable 8. professional 9. background 10. participate Exercise 7 1. stood out 2. depends on 3. become involved in 4. form a picture of 5. pertinent to 6. set apart 7. rely on 8. in your shose Exercise 8 1.A 2. D 3.B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 11.C 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A Exercise 9 1.Without knowledge of science, it would be impossible to understand this. 2.It is impossible for your team to win without constant training. 3. None of the countries doesn’t have an environmental problem. 4. At the beginning of learning English, he didn’t speak it without making mistakes. 5. There is no right to speak without investigation. 6. It is impossible for you to know what you can do without putting your hand to it. It is impossible for you to know what you can do without putting your hand to it. 7. There is no rule without exceptions. 8.There isn’t a man who doesn’t have his faults. Exercise 10 1. Cold as it was, we went out. 2.Tired though I was, I went on working. 3. Much I respect your point of view, I can’t agree. Much I respect your point of view, I can’t agree. 4. Disabled though he was, Paul tried his best to serve the people. Disabled though he was, Paul tried his best to serve the people. 5. Lover of towns though I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. Lover of towns though I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 6.Child though he is, he knows history well. Text B Exercise 2 1. D 2.A 3. B 4.B 5. C Exercise 3 1.submit 2. instructions 3.precise 4. remote 5.headquarters 6.attach 7. overlooked 8.scanned 9.format 10.fashion Exercise 4 1.reflect on 2.check out 3. in full 4. like it or not 5.junp on the bandwagon 6. show up 7.singled out 8.settled on Exercise 5 1.D 2. B 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D Skills Development and Practice Reading skills Practice 1 1.d 2. b 3.a 4. e 5. f 6. g 7. c Practice 2 1. C 2. C 3. b Translation skills Practice 3 1. 100年前，一位美国伟人签署了《解放宣言》。今天，我们就站在他的纪念像下。 2. 大约有1 / 4的美国青年人没有阅读能力。这简直令人难以置信。 3这个地方现在已经成了冬夏两季的休假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观;而从前旅游者都只能到此止步。 4. 大卫?希尔是埃切伦公司的合伙人。他说:“当学习变得令人兴奋时，就更加容易持续 下去。” 5. 露西婶婶已经50岁，该退休了，但外面已经有人聘她担任别的工作，新职的待遇加上养 老金将比她当秘书的薪水多一倍。 6.人造材料通称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料, 这或者是由于天然产品 的数量不能满足日益增长的需要, 或者往往是人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加 以突出而造成的。因此合成材料在应用的领域中将具有极大的用途。 Practice 4 1. 简历里有些什么,可能正是额外的信息使你脱颖而出，获得了工作。 2. 这么做的目的是对未来的老板有一个综合的认识，以知道他重视哪些素质和能力，然后， 在你的简历上写上能够展示你拥有这些素质和能力的经历和活动。 3. 如果想知道什么技能和特点对这个职位很重要，那就站在老板的角度想一想。 4. 这一问题的答案会因为公司不同、科室不同而有所不同。甚至相同公司不同部门的相同 科室的领导的回答也会有很大差别。 5. 如果你求职的是一家创新型的公司，你也许需要加上你曾撰写的专利文件，或加上任何 能表示你能跳出常规思维的一些情况。 Practice 5 1.His finely designed resume set him apart from most other job applicants. 2.If you put yourself in his shoes, what skills you would think are important to the position? 3.The decision you have made reflects poorly on your judgment. 4.One of our studies shows that most recruiters form a more complete picture of the applicants by learning their outside activities. 5. Like it or not, e-resumes are gradually replacing snail mail resumes. Guided Writing Practice 6 What Is Success? What is success? Different people may give different answers to this question. Some people think that success means making a great deal of money. Other people think that it means holding an important post. Still others consider that getting a higher academic title is a sign of success. However, I don’t think that money, power, or status is the symbol of success. In my opinion, success means achieving brilliant results in one’s speciality, making contributions to the development of the country and bringing happiness to the people. Certainly we can conclude that if you can gain your purpose with perseverance and industry, you will be a successful person Practice 7 Certificate (04) No. 236 This is to certify that the duplicate copy attached hereto is in conformity with the original copy of the Transcript of Records for Advanced Studies at Dongfang Agriculture University issued to Zhou Ming by the Educational Department of the University. Both the seals of Dongfang Agriculture University and Tian Lijun, Dean of the Department affixed on the original copy are found to be authentic. Notary: ... City Notary Public Office ... Province The People’s Republic of China 4 March 2009 Listening and Speaking Part I Conversation Practice: At the post office 2. Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the tape. Could I buy some postcards here ? What kind of cards do you want ? I’d like those Here you are. They are so nice. You may write them on the table over there. 3. Now listen to another dialogue and then translate the Chinese sentences into English according to the information you get from the tape. I’d like to send some money to Could I have an envelope, please buy one at No.5 counter You are welcome Part? Listening Practice A. short conversations Answer: 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) D 5) C 6) C 7) B 8) B 9) A 10) D A Script 1) W : I hope you’ll excuse me for coming to class late. My car broke down. M : I’m sorry, I couldn’t hear you, there’s too much noise in this room. Q : Where is this conversation most probably taking place? 2) M : I don’t seem to be able to do this problem. I’m following all the steps, but it doesn’t work. I can’t figure it out. W : Let me show you. That one gave me a lot of trouble, too. Q : What is the woman going to do? 3) W : Wasn’t our appointment for 10:30? M : Yes, it was. But I had to be 15 minutes late. Q : What time did the man arrive? 4) M : We are having a party Saturday night. Could you come? W : I wish I could, but I have to work at the library on weekends. Q : Why can’t the woman go to the party? 5) W : I left my raincoat in my room. Wait while I go back to get it. M : Don’t bother. The weather report said it would clear up by noon. Q : What does the man mean? 6) M : How much are the tickets? W : They’re eight dollars each for the general public, but student tickets are half price. Q : How much will the man pay for one general ticket and two student tickets? Q: What does the woman mean? 7) W : I’ll change my clothes after I finish typing this letter. M : Okay, Jane. Then we’ll take my car and go out for a meal. Q : What is Jane going to do first? 8) M : This room is so crowded. I can hardly hear and I can’t see a thing. W : I don’t understand why they didn’t have this show in a bigger theatre, do you? Q : Why is the man complaining? 9) W : I used to be afraid of heights. Every time I was in a tall building or on a bridge, my knees would begin to shake. M : I had the same problem until I took up mountain climbing. Q : What do the man and woman say about heights? 10) M : Dr. Taylor, I’d like to talk to you about working as your assistant next quarter. W : Fine, please come in and sit down. Have you read the list of requirements for assistants in the English Department? Q : What is the probable relationship between the man and woman? B-1. a short passage. 1. She made some marks on a piece of paper with color pencils That letter was too heavy. She had to put another stamp on it 2. That letter was too heavy. She had to put another stamp on it 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)T 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T B-1 Script “What are you doing, Susan ?” mother asked her four-year-old daughter. “I’m writing a letter to my cousin Helen,” the little girl answered proudly. “But you don’t know how to write.” “Well, mom,” the little girl continued to make marks on a piece of paper with color pencils, “Helen doesn’t know how to read. So it doesn’t make any difference.” Susan sealed the envelope after her mother helped her with the address and postcode. At the post office, the clerk weighed the letter and said: “That letter is too heavy. You’ll have to put another stamp on it.” “What’s the good of that?” Susan asked. “That will only make the letter heavier, won’t it?” 3. Now you are going to hear another short passage. Listen carefully and fill in the missing words. 1.short 2. dogs 3. postcard 4. bike 5. towards 6. lot 7. end 8.garden 9. picked 10.carried 4.Listen to a more challenging passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear three questions . Choose the best answer. 1) B 2) D 3) C B-4 Script An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, telephoned from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at the time, but I had made arrangements for his arrival. After explaining where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the window. As I was likely to be home rather late, I advised him to go into the kitchen and help himself to food and drink. Two hours later my friend telephoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having just had a truly wonderful meal. Now, he said he was drinking a glass of orange juice and he hoped I would join him. When I asked him if he had reached my house without difficulty, he answered that he had not been able to find the key under the window, but fortunately the living room window just by the apple trees had been left open and he had climbed in. I listened to all this in astonishment. There is no apple tree in front of my living room, but there is one in front of my neighbour’s. Questions: 1. How did his friend get into the house? • • 2. What was his friend doing when he telephoned him from the house? • 3. Why was the speaker astonished? TextA 得到想要的工作就要了解其他情况 可能正是额外的信息使你脱颖而出，获得了工作。 简历里有些什么? 芭芭拉?K?布朗博士是位于芝加哥的安德森咨询公司人事变动管理实践部 的经理。她对28家公司的344名招聘人员进行研究后发现，研究未来的老板与 研究公司同样重要。这意味着观察老板雇用什么类型的人，与公司上下的人交谈， 了解老板参加了些什么组织，如果可能的话，了解老板的业余生活。 这么做的目的是对未来的老板有一个综合的认识，以知道他重视哪些素质和 能力，然后，在你的简历上写上能够展示你拥有这些素质和能力的经历和活动。 布朗建议，“尽量具体一些。” 为了对老板有一个综合的认识，布朗说，“求职者可以这样研究老板:如向 联络部联系索要新闻稿，研究当地的出版物和地区性的出版物文献(尤其是一些 不大可能出现在全国新闻上的小公司)，与现在和以前的雇员交谈，与同一行业 或相近行业的熟人交谈。” 如果想知道什么技能和特点对这个职位很重要，那就站在老板的角度想一 想。求职者需要什么技能才能把这个工作做好?简历中教育、经历和活动的何种 组合才能够表明求职者确实具备在这个职位上取得成功所需的技能和进取心? 这一问题的答案会因为公司不同、科室不同而有所不同。甚至相同公司不同 部门的相同科室的领导的回答也会有很大差别。布朗说，由于招聘人员往往通过 求职者的业余活动来更全面地了解求职者，因此，职业协会的会籍，甚至社会团 体的会籍都会给招聘人员提供了解求职者的进取心和领导者潜能的重要信息。 比如，求职者在申请金融顾问职位时，肯定会在简历中包括有关数学、金 融背景以及参加相关组织的信息。但是，任何一个诚心求职的人都会这么做。为 了脱颖而出，求职者还需要考虑其他一些对这工作可能会很重要的。如对于金融顾问而言，人际交往的能力很重要。能表明求职者具备这些必要能力的各种活动可能包括你参加目前所在公司的演讲者协会，或在民间或职业协会中担任领导职务——甚至包括你领导你们公司内联合会的慈善活动等。 如果你求职的是一家创新型的公司，你也许需要加上你曾撰写的专利文件，或加上任何能表示你能跳出常规思维的一些情况。另外，取决于公司以及未来雇主的个性，你甚至需要写上像参加戴水肺的潜水这样的活动，表明自己敢于承担一定的风险，假定这家企业看重这些品质。 为了增加受聘的可能性: *给目前在这个职位上工作的人打电话，询问有关工作(需要的技能、工作任务、涉及的时间)、老板、老板的管理风格以及工作环境等情况。 *参加职业协会，担任领导职务。 *与公司上下的员工交谈，谈论公司的工作、产品、人生观和价值观。 即使你把这些包括到简历中去，仍然不要把简历写得过长。只写与这份工作相关的信息，只写能显示你具有老板所寻找的能力的信息。布朗说，简历的理想长度仍然是一页，即使是经验丰富的经理也不例外。 Text B 完美你的电子简历 招聘信息:美国广播公司新闻网站贝尔维网络节目制作室招聘高级副制作人，波音飞机制造公司西雅图分公司招聘分析工程9币，亚马逊网络公司西雅图总部招聘行政助理。 如果你有兴趣，最好准备好计算机上网，这些公司要求用电子邮件发简历。 你才刚刚决定，你精心设计的简历用什么字体用什么纸张最好，电子革命却已改写了原有的规则。现在，越来越多的公司认识到电子求职书的优越性。他们可以轻易地把求职书转发给别人，把它们上传到数据库。各公司纷纷想赶这个时髦。对于求职者而言，这意味着无论你喜不喜欢，采用电子简历势在必行。 遵循指令: 尽管电子简历几乎很少是必要条件，上面的三份求职广告上都有传真号或通信地址，但是许多公司都毫不掩饰他们对电子形式的青睐。当美国广播公司新闻网站说:“最好用电子邮件发送简历，但其他形式也可以”时，机敏的求职者当然会投其所好了。 对于美国广播公司新闻网站的求职者而言，这意味着，你可以把简历作为电子邮件内容的一部分发出去，或是把微软文本文件的简历作为附件发过去，或提供一个招聘者能看到简历的网址。 但是，亚马逊网络公司希望简历采用美国信息互换标准代码文本(ASCII—text)格式，出现在电子邮件的正文中，并且告诫求职者不要发送附件。而同许多大公司一样，波音飞机制造公司在公司的网址上备有现成的求职。虽然波音公司并不反对求职者发送普通格式的电子简历，但他们的网上表格提供了最快进入征聘过程的方式。 以上例子说明，没有固定的递交电子简历的规则，但有一点是肯定的:按照 老板的要求去做。公司都愿意用一种方式接受简历，就是他们的方式。 彼得?帕斯基尔是俄勒冈州波特兰市的一家职业咨询公司“成就未来”公司的总经理。他说，“你必须知道雇主想要什么，与他们交谈，获取信息，知道他们喜欢什么形式。” 如果报纸上的广告要求采用电子形式送交简历，那么十有八九报纸上不仅有电子邮件地址，还会有网址。一定要仔细浏览网页，因为网页上常常会解释该如何求职。 “如果你知帕斯基尔说，他不是对遵循正确的程序的重要性言过其实。 道他们想要什么，想要何种形式，那么你就更有可能获得成效。” 处理电子简历 招聘者要求电子简历，有的仅仅是为了加快申请过程，而有的公司这样做有利于他们采用高效的电子雇用系统。许多公司把收到的简历输入程序，对简历逐个单词或词组地进行扫描。对于某个具体的职位，招聘者只需挑选几个关键词输入程序，程序就能挑选出与关键词有最多吻合的求职者。 一种电子简历筛选系统尤其在一些大公司受到欢迎。在该系统下，所有求职者的简历都将进入一个数据库。当招聘某个具体的职位时，招聘者利用程序筛选出包含有与该工作相关的技能的简历，并进行排序。然后，招聘者审查那些排名最高的简历。 关键词建议 你必须在写电子简历之前确定，雇主在寻找简历匹配时有可能扫描哪些关键词。简历和职业顾问艾琳(盖特曼说，“写简历的人必须知道那些是对雇主而言很重要的词，这一点至关重要。因为很多情况下(没有人会亲自去看简历的。” 她补充说，这种情况在波音公司尤为如此，因为甚至连传真来的或是邮寄的硬拷贝也输入了数据库。她说，通常，关键词搜索是招聘者用来审查简历、挑选面试者的唯一方法。 名词比动词更有可能被选作关键词，因此为了更能抓住公司的电子眼睛，应该多用名词。而且，应使甬与招聘广告中相同的名词。 描述与你的领域相关的具体能力时，词语使用应力求准确。不要羞于列举你知道的电脑程序。但一定要使用全称。对于高科技工作而言，重点应放在技术能力上，这一点尤其重要。 列举你曾工作的公司，包括公司的名称和地址，因为有些招聘者常常专门寻找来自某些公司的求职者。对于工作头衔，尤其应拼写出全部的单词，避免使用会被简历软件忽略的“mnger?”(经理man—ager的缩写)或“engr(”(工程师engineer的缩写)等缩写形式。 专家说，短小精悍对于电子简历并不像对于普通简历那么重要。电子简历如果稍稍长一点，将更有可能包。括关键词。 格式建议 电子简历的总的格式要求是简单明了。 电子形式无法显示加粗、大一号的字体、标志、大写字母、划线、斜体以及其他的格式。所以把重点放在写的内容上，而不是形式上。另外，一份语法简洁、结构清晰、开门见山的简历最能给人留下好印象。 提醒 虽然向明确要求电子简历的公司发送电子简历将受到优待，但如果你不太熟悉电子简历，那就不要勉为其难。如果这样有可能暴露你的弱点，那就转而采用 传真或蜗牛邮件简历的形式。 帕斯基尔提醒道，不要把电子简历群发给与你选择的领域毫不相干的公司。 “记住，以这种方法得到工作的机会微乎其微。电子简历固然很时髦，但公司仍然聘用他们了解的人。”