联合国国际法院

联合国国际法院 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE SPECIAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ASPATRIA (APPLICANT) AND THE KINGDOM OF RYDAL (RESPONDENT) TO SUBMIT TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STATES CONCERNING THE WINDSCALE ISLANDS 阿斯佩特里亚共和国 （申诉人） 与赖德尔王国 （被告人） 提交给国际法院关于 温茨凯尔群岛的纠纷 jointly notified to the Court on 16 September 2009 2009916 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE COMPROMIS ENTRE LA RÉPUBLIQUE D’ASPATRIA (DEMANDERESSE) ET LE ROYAUME DE RYDAL (DÉFENDEUR) VISANT À SOUMETTRE À LA COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE LES DIFFÉRENDS QUI OPPOSENT LES DEUX ÉTATS EN CE QUI CONCERNE LES ÎLES WINDSCALE notifié conjointement à la Cour le 16 septembre 20 1 JOINT NOTIFICATION ADDRESSED TO THE REGISTRAR OF THE COURT: 联合公报 书记员称述 The Hague, 16 September 2009 2009年9月16日海牙 On behalf of the Republic of Aspatria ("the Applicant") and the Kingdom of Rydal ("the Respondent"), in accordance with Article 40(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, we have the honour to transmit to you an original of the Special Agreement for submission to the International Court of Justice of the Differences between the Applicant and the Respondent concerning the Windscale Islands, signed in Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, on the tenth day of September in the year two thousand and nine. 特申诉人阿斯佩特里亚共和国和被告人赖德尔王国的委托以及依照40（1）国际法院法令，在此敬告提交给国际法院申诉人与被告人在温茨凯尔群岛纠纷的特殊原文。该文件在美国伊利诺斯州芝加 哥市2009年9月10日签署。 Ambassador of the Republic of Aspatria Ambassador of the Kingdom of Rydal to the Kingdom of The Netherlands to the Kingdom of The Netherlands 阿斯佩特里亚共和国住荷兰大使 赖德尔王国住荷兰大使 2 SPECIAL AGREEMENT SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE BY THE REPUBLIC OF ASPATRIA AND THE KINGDOM OF RYDAL ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM CONCERNING THE WINDSCALE ISLANDS The Republic of Aspatria and the Kingdom of Rydal (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"), 阿斯佩特里亚共和国与赖德尔王国(以下均称作“当事人”) Considering that differences have arisen between them concerning the sovereignty and status of the Windscale Islands and other matters; 考虑到当事人对温茨凯尔群岛的自治权和国家形态等一系列问题纠纷。 Recognising that the Parties concerned have been unable to settle these differences by negotiation; 确认当事人通过协商无法解决纠纷。 Desiring further to define the issues to be submitted to the International Court of Justice (hereinafter referred to as "the Court") for settling this dispute; 希望国际法院（以下均称作“法院”）进一步阐明问题以解决纠纷。 In furtherance thereof the Parties have concluded the following Special Agreement: 为进一步推进当事人达成以下《特别协定》： 3 Article 1 条例1 The Parties submit the questions contained in the Special Agreement (together with Clarifications to follow) to the Court pursuant to Article 40(1) of the Statute of the Court. 根据法院章程条例40（1），当事人需向法院提交特别协定中的问题（与以下《说明》 同）。 Article 2 条例2 It is agreed by the Parties that the Republic of Aspatria shall act as Applicant and the Kingdom of Rydal as Respondent, but such agreement is without prejudice to any question of the burden of proof. 当事人一致同意阿斯佩特里亚共和国需作为申诉人，赖德尔王国作为被告人，但该规定全 无举证责任。 Article 3 条例3 (a) The Court is requested to decide the Case on the basis of the rules and principles of general international law, as well as any applicable treaties. 请求法院根据基础国际法律的规定和原理，并同一系列可行的条例处理该案件。 (b) The Court is also requested to determine the legal consequences, including the rights and obligations of the Parties, arising from its Judgment on the questions presented in the Case. 请求法院在审判案件中包括考虑当事人的权利及义务来判断法律后果。 4 Article 4 条例4 (a) All questions of procedure and rules shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions of the Official Rules of the 2010 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. 所有关于程序和规定的问题需按照2010 菲利普吉赛普国际法模拟法庭辩论赛执 行。 (b) The Parties request the Court to order that the written proceedings should consist of Memorials presented by each of the parties not later than the date set forth in the Official Schedule of the 2010 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. 当事人请求法院要求双方在2010 菲利普吉赛普国际法模拟法庭辩论赛的官方 之前提交书面程序，同时应包括由双方各自提出的诉状。 Article 5 (a) The Parties shall accept any Judgment of the Court as final and binding upon them and shall execute it in its entirety and in good faith. 当事人需接受法院做出的任何审判，并视作为最终审判，同时，愿意全面执行审 判。 (b) Immediately after the transmission of any Judgment, the Parties shall enter into negotiations on the modalities for its execution. 在审判生效后，当事人需立刻进入协商执行审判的形态中。 In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorised, have signed the present Special Agreement and have affixed thereto their respective seals of office. 双方签署该授权的特别协定，并加盖 政府公章。 5 Done in Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, this tenth day of September in the year two thousand and nine, in triplicate in the English language. 完成于芝加哥，伊利诺伊，美国，2009年9月10日，英语，一式三份。 Ambassador of the Republic of Aspatria Ambassador of the Kingdom of Rydal to the Kingdom of The Netherlands to the Kingdom of the Netherlands 阿斯佩特里亚共和国驻荷兰大使 赖德尔王国驻荷兰大使 6 THE 2010 PHILIP C. JESSUP INTERNATIONAL LAW MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2010 国际模拟法庭比赛 **COMPROMIS** 仲裁协议 THE CASE CONCERNING THE WINDSCALE ISLANDS (ASPATRIA/RYDAL) 1. The Windscale Islands ("the Islands") are an archipelago in the Southern Hemisphere lying in the Eden Ocean, approximately 500 miles due west of the Republic of Aspatria. 温茨凯尔群岛（以下均称作岛屿）是一坐落于南半球伊登海洋的群岛，在阿斯佩特 里亚共和国大约500英里以南的方位。 2. Aspatria is a developed country with a coastline along the Eden Ocean. It is the closest country to the Islands by some distance. 阿斯佩特里亚共和国作为沿伊登海洋的一个发达国家，是最接近岛屿的国家。 3. The Kingdom of Plumbland is a developed country located in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately 6,000 miles from Aspatria. Aspatria was a colony of Plumbland from 1610 until its independence. 赖德尔王国是一座位于北半球的发达国家，距阿斯佩特里亚大约6000英里。阿斯佩特里亚从1610年到独立以前是布朗布岛的殖民地。 7 4. The Kingdom of Rydal is a developed country located in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately 7,500 miles from the Islands. Rydal has a long maritime history and during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries established a number of colonies throughout the world. Rydal was originally ruled by an absolute monarch, but is currently governed by a constitutional monarchy, with the King serving as head of state and a Prime Minister serving as head of government. 赖德尔王国作为北半球的一座发达国家，距岛屿约7500英里。赖德尔作为拥有悠 久历史的“海上霸主”，在十七到十八世纪间在全球建立了很多殖民地。赖德尔曾一 度被绝对王权统治，但是现在是一座君主立宪制国家。国王作为国家的最高领袖， 首相作为政府的首领。 5. The Islands were first discovered in the late eighteenth century by Captain Geoffrey Parrish, the commander of The Wansfell, which was on a voyage of naturalist discovery under a Commission from the King of Rydal. Captain Parrish recorded in his ship's log: On 6 December 1777, we discovered a group of remote and windswept islands not appearing on our charts. There were no signs of human habitation. Before our ship departed, we took short leave on one of the larger islands and left behind the flag of Rydal and a stone carved with a declaration asserting the sovereignty of King Andrew of Rydal and his successors over the Islands. 岛屿曾经在十八世纪被船长杰弗里帕里什，The Wansfell（船名）的总指挥，第一 次发现。船长杰弗里帕里什是在赖德尔国王委派的自然发现任务中，意外发现了岛 屿。船长杰弗里帕里什在他的航海日志中写道： 1777年12月6日，我们发现了许多偏僻的，受风侵袭的岛屿，但该岛并没有在我 们航海志上显示。岛上没有人居住过的痕迹。在我们再度出发前，我们在一座最大 的岛上作了短暂停留，留下了赖德尔王国的国旗，并留下了一个石头，上刻有国王 8 安德鲁和其继承者对该岛屿的统治权的宣称。 6. In early 1778, a naval ship from Plumbland, The Salkeld, came across the Islands. Shortly afterwards, the Viceroy of Aspatria sent Lieutenant Manuel Ricoy to settle and claim the Islands on behalf of the King of Plumbland. Lieutenant Ricoy established a fort and settlement named Salkeld on one of the islands. 在早期的1778年，一艘来自布朗布岛名为索尔克尔德的船路过了温茨凯尔群岛。 过了一小段时间，阿斯佩特里亚的总督派中将曼努埃尔里科伊在群岛驻扎，并且代 表国王宣称群岛的所有权。中将曼努埃尔里科伊在其中一个岛建立了堡垒和定居 点，并将其命名为索尔克尔德。 7. Internal disturbances in the Viceroyalty of Aspatria caused Lieutenant Ricoy and his men to be ordered back to Langdale, the capital city of Aspatria. Before they left Salkeld on 20 December 1799, Lieutenant Ricoy left the flag of Plumbland flying over the fort at Salkeld together with a notice which read: These Islands were first settled on behalf of His Excellent Majesty King Piero of Plumbland some twenty years ago by His Excellent Majesty's most loyal servant, Lieutenant Manuel Ricoy. These Islands will forever remain the territory and property of His Excellent Majesty. Dated this twentieth day of December in the Year of Our Lord seventeen hundred and ninety-nine. Manuel Ricoy. 阿斯佩特里亚总督辖区的内乱，使中将曼努埃尔里科伊与他的部下被派回阿斯佩特 里亚的首都朗戴尔。在他们于1799年12月20日离开索尔克尔德之前，中将曼努埃尔里科伊在堡垒上留下了布朗布岛的国旗与一张告示： 这些群岛已在二十多年前，由布朗布岛的国王皮埃尔最忠实的*部下中将曼努埃尔 里科伊代为管辖。这些群岛将永远是国王的领土与财产。记录于1799年12月20 9 日。曼努埃尔里科伊。 8. It is not known to what extent Lieutenant Ricoy explored the archipelago beyond the island on which Salkeld was located or to what extent he exercised control over them. Historians say that the Islands were used by pirates, slave-ships, and other seafarers during the period Ricoy and his men were in Salkeld. 目前还无法确定中将曼努埃尔里科伊除了索尔克尔德之外还探索了多少岛屿，同时 也不知道他控制群岛的状况。历史学家说，在中将曼努埃尔里科伊与他的部下在索 尔克尔德期间，这些群岛同时也被海盗、奴隶船、以及其他一些航海家使用。 9. The disturbances in Aspatria were quelled by forces from Plumbland. However, there was no return to the Islands by Plumbland or its Viceroyalty of Aspatria. Nautical charts produced in Plumbland and Aspatria from that period showed the Islands as belonging to Plumbland. The charts ascribed to them the name "Windscale Islands," the name by which they subsequently became known. 阿斯佩特里亚的内乱被来自布朗布岛的势力镇压。但是，布朗布岛与阿斯佩特里亚 总督辖区并未在群岛定居。当时布朗布岛与阿斯佩特里亚生产的航海图显示这些群 岛属于布朗布岛。这些航海图将群岛称为“温茨凯尔群岛”。该名被沿用至今。 10. On the night of 6 September 1813, a naval ship of Rydal, HMS Applethwaite, under the command of Admiral George Aikton, was wrecked on one of the smaller islands in the archipelago. Admiral Aikton's nautical charts indicated the Islands belonged to Rydal. He and the other survivors of the wreck set about building what they initially intended to be a temporary settlement named St. Bees. In Rydal, it was assumed that HMS Applethwaite and its crew had been lost at sea. 10 1813年9月6日的晚上，一艘由将军乔治?埃克顿带领的，来自赖德尔王国的名为 HMS Applethwaite的船，在一座小岛边上失事。将军乔治?埃克顿的航海图指出这些群岛是属于赖德尔王国的。他和其他事故的幸存者开始建造名为圣碧斯的临时居 住点。在赖德尔王国，HMS Applethwaite以及它的船员被认为已在海上失踪。 11. In January 1814, war broke out between Rydal and Plumbland over matters unrelated to the Islands. 1814年1月，赖德尔王国与布朗布岛的战争打响了。但是这场战争与群岛无关。 12. In May 1815, The Unthank, a slave ship from the State of Sodor, drifted into the harbour at St. Bees with her mast broken by a strong storm. The Unthank had been drifting for many months and all on board were starving. The Rydalians assisted the 26 crew members and 150 slaves–men, women, and children–to shore. Admiral Aikton informed the crew of The Unthank that they had landed on Rydalian territory. He declared the slaves free, since slavery had been abolished in Rydal , and offered refuge to the crew and former slaves. The weakened and hungry captain and crew of The Unthank did not resist; they, together with the former slaves, swore loyalty to Queen Constance, the new Queen of Rydal. 1815年5月，一艘来自绍多尔的名为昂山克的奴隶船偏航到圣碧斯的港湾。它的 桅杆已被剧烈的风暴损坏。昂山克在海上已经偏航了数月，船员都已经相当饥饿。 赖德尔人帮助26位船员、150位奴隶、女人和儿童上岸。将军埃克顿通知昂山克 的船员，他们已经在赖德尔的领土上登陆。由于奴隶制已在赖德尔王国被废除，他 释放了所有的奴隶。同时，他为船员和奴隶提供了庇护所。虚弱并且饥饿的船长和 船员没有反对。他们与奴隶一起宣誓效忠于赖德尔王国的新王后康斯坦斯。 11 13. By 1816, Admiral Aikton and his men had explored most of the other islands in the archipelago. The men began to cultivate the land and to domesticate a wild equine species native to the Islands. They discovered the abandoned settlement of Salkeld, including the fort with the flag of Plumbland, although there is no indication that anyone found the notice left by Lieutenant Ricoy. 1816年，将军埃克顿与他的部下已经探索了大部分的岛屿。他们开始耕作与驯养岛屿上的野生马。他们发现了被废弃的索尔克尔德上的定居点，包括插着布朗布岛 国旗的堡垒。但是并没有迹象表明有任何人发现中将曼努埃尔里科伊留下的告示。 14. Apart from The Unthank, historians have found no record of any ship discovering Admiral Aikton and the other inhabitants of the Islands until The Grizedale landed in June 1817. The Grizedale had been sent by the Viceroy of Aspatria to the Islands under Commander Javier Crook to establish a penal colony. Settlers living in the fort at Salkeld noticed the approaching vessel and immediately sent for Admiral Aikton. At his order, a small detachment of armed sailors met the landing party of The Grizedale, including Commander Crook, when it reached the shore. Admiral Aikton informed Commander Crook that he and his men must leave at once or be subject to arrest. Outnumbered and out-armed, Commander Crook chose to depart, protesting as he left at "the unfounded claims of a foreign monarch" over the Islands. 除了昂山克，历史学家并没有找到任何记录表明有其他船只发现将军埃克顿和群岛 居民，直到名为代尔的船于1817年6月登陆。由指挥官哈维尔克鲁克带领的代尔 被阿斯佩特里亚总督派到群岛上来建立流放地。索尔克尔德堡垒上的居民发现了迫 近的船只，马上通知了埃克顿将军。在他的命令下，一小队武装的水手正面交锋了 正在登陆的代尔船员以及指挥官哈维尔克鲁克。埃克顿将军通告指挥官哈维尔克鲁 克，他和他的部下必须马上离开，否则将会被逮捕。人数与装备上的不足，使指挥 官哈维尔克鲁克选择了离开。在他离开时，他留下了“外国政府没有理由占领群岛” 12 的言论以示反对。 15. In the middle of 1818, King Piero learned of Rydal's presence on the Islands from his Viceroy in Aspatria. He immediately sent a letter to Queen Constance, protesting at Rydal's occupation of the Islands, which he termed "the territory and property of Plumbland by right of first occupation." Rydal replied in a diplomatic note dated 15 September 1818: Her Majesty Queen Constance and Her government were unaware of the survival of Admiral Aikton and the crew of HMS Applethwaite. Her Majesty gives thanks to God for their preservation. The Islands are within the dominion of Her Majesty and have been since they were discovered by Captain Parrish, a subject of Rydal. Plumbland's settlement at Salkeld was an illegal occupation of Her Majesty's territory, and was furthermore subsequently abandoned. Her Majesty embraces and adopts all of the actions of her loyal and noble subject, Admiral Aikton. 1818年中期，皮埃尔国王从阿斯佩特里亚总督处了解到了赖德尔王国对群岛的影 响。他马上写信给康斯坦斯王后，反对赖德尔王国对群岛的占领。他把群岛称为布 朗布岛的领土与资产，因为他是第一个占领群岛的国家。赖德尔王国于1818年9 月15日回复道： 康斯坦斯王后与她的政府对于埃尔顿将军与HMS Applethwaite船员的 幸存并不知情。王后对于他们的幸存心存感激。自从帕里什船长发现 群岛以来，它们就一直属于王后。布朗布岛在索尔克尔德上的定居， 13 是一项对于女王土地的不合法侵犯。并且该岛已被废弃。王后接受并 支持所有埃尔顿将军的举动。 16. In March 1819, HMS Braithwaite set sail from Rydal for the Islands under the command of Vice-Admiral Arthur Wilkinson, who had been appointed by Queen Constance as Governor of the Islands. HMS Braithwaite subsequently returned to Rydal along with some members of its crew and those members of the crew of HMS Applethwaite who wished to leave the Islands; most chose to remain because they had been promised land on the Islands. Vice-Admiral Wilkinson remained on the Islands as Governor. 1819年3月，阿瑟威尔金森副将军被康斯坦斯王后任命为群岛的长官。他带领 HMS Braithwaite从赖德尔王国出发，驶向群岛。 HMS Braithwaite在这之后，带着 一些自己的船员和一些想要离开群岛的HMS Applethwaite的船员回到了赖德尔王 国。大部分人选择留在群岛，因为他们被许诺将会分到群岛上的土地。威尔金森副 将军作为长官留在了群岛上。 17. In 1819, with war between Rydal and Plumbland intensifying, Plumbland's garrison in Langdale was reduced to a single battalion of soldiers. By then, an independence movement had emerged in the Viceroyalty of Aspatria, led by a group of former soldiers from Plumbland who had settled in Langdale. Assisted by conspirators within the regular army, on 31 October 1819, the self-proclaimed commander of the movement, Colonel Alejandro Diaz, took advantage of the reduction in Plumbland's armed presence and led a night-time raid against the garrison at Langdale. The attack succeeded, and the few surviving officers and soldiers loyal to King Piero were brutally slaughtered. 1819年，随着布朗布岛与赖德尔王国之间战争的激化，在朗戴尔的布朗布岛大军 14 团锐减成单个的小军团。之后，在一群原驻扎在朗戴尔的布朗布岛军人的带领下， 一场独立运动在布朗布岛与阿斯佩特里亚总督辖区展开了。 1819年10月31日，在正规军中反叛者的帮助下，自我宣布为运动指挥官的亚历杭迪亚兹上校利用了布 朗布岛武装力量的减少，针对在朗戴尔的军团发起了一场夜间的突袭。突袭成功 了。少数幸存的效忠于皮埃尔国王的官员与士兵也被处决了。 18. Colonel Diaz and his supporters drafted and signed a Declaration of Independence on 2 November 1819, a copy of which he sent to King Piero. The King, unable to spare forces to retake Aspatria, sent a short reply on 20 March 1820 declaring Diaz and anyone supporting him to be traitors who would receive the "harshest of penalties befitting their treasonous crime." 1819年11月2日，迪亚兹上校起草与签署了一份独立宣言，并且寄送了一份给皮 埃尔国王。国王由于没有多余的军事力量，无法重新夺回阿斯佩特里亚。在1820年3月20日，他回信称迪亚兹与他的支持者为叛徒，他们将罪有应得。 19. A Constitutional Convention was held in Langdale in January 1820. The resulting Aspatrian Constitution established a federal system of government and provided that the Islands were included in the new Republic of Aspatria and that all laws applied to the whole of Aspatria's territory. On 1 July 1820, Colonel Diaz was elected the first President of Aspatria. 1820年一月在朗戴尔举行的制宪会议中成立了阿斯佩特里亚共和国宪法。此宪法 创办的联邦政府包括了各岛，以及规定其内所有法规为新阿斯佩特里亚共和国所有 领地采用。 1820年七月，上校迪亚兹被选为阿斯佩特里亚共和国第一任总统。 20. Plumbland was losing the war with Rydal and in mid-1821 sued for peace. The terms 15 of the Treaty of Great Corby, signed on 22 September 1821 and shortly thereafter ratified, included an article that read: His Majesty King Piero acknowledges the sovereignty of Her Excellent Majesty Queen Constance over the islands lying to the West of Aspatria, known as the Windscale Islands. His Majesty hereby irrevocably transfers any sovereignty that His Majesty possesses in the aforesaid Islands to Her Excellent Majesty. 布朗布岛在快输给赖德尔的1821年的年中请求和平. 在１８２１年的九月２２日被签下，又在不久后被批准了的大科尔比条约包含了以下条款: 皮埃尔国王陛下承认康斯坦斯女王陛下对温茨凯尔岛(在阿斯佩特里亚以南 之岛群)拥有主权. 国王陛下借此把对温茨凯尔岛拥有的所有主权不可撤销的 转让给女王陛下. 21. By 1823, there had been attempts at revolution in Plumbland; the people were starving and disease was rampant. As part of the Treaty of Great Corby, Plumbland had been required to give up the majority of its army and navy. The retaking of Aspatria was impossible. At the time, however, King Piero refused to acknowledge the independence of Aspatria. 至1823年始，布朗布岛已有许多企图革命的起义，经历着饥饿与疾病。按大科尔 比条约的要求，布朗布岛需放弃大部分的军力与海军，而因此失去夺回阿斯佩特里 亚的能力。虽然如此，当时的皮埃尔国王还是拒绝承认阿斯佩特里亚的独立。 22. In 1826, President Diaz sent a force to the Islands in an attempt to seize them. The force landed on one of the smaller islands unopposed, but after several unsuccessful attempts to take Salkeld, the force withdrew from the Islands. 16 为了占领群岛，迪亚兹总统在1826年带领兵对侵入此群岛．军队顺利的登陆其中 一个小岛，但经过多次未成功的攻占Salkeld，军队最后撤退出群岛． 23. The next year, President Diaz sent an ambassador, Miguel Trinidad, to Rydal. Queen Constance received the Ambassador in a formal ceremony at Court, recognised the independence of Aspatria and the government of President Diaz, and instructed her Foreign Minister, William Smith , to take up with the Ambassador any diplomatic matters between the two States. 1823年，迪亚兹总统派大使米格尔特立尼达到赖德尔。康斯坦斯女王在宫廷中正 式地接待了大使，与承认了亚斯佩特里亚及迪亚兹总统的政府，并交代了外交部长 威廉史密斯担任两国之间的外交关系。 24. During subsequent meetings with Foreign Minister Smith, Ambassador Trinidad noted that Plumbland had been the first to occupy the Islands. He argued that the Islands belonged to Plumbland, administered by the Viceroyalty of Aspatria, until 1819. Upon the independence of Aspatria, all territory of the Viceroyalty, including the Islands, devolved to the new State under the principle of uti possidetis juris. He regarded the Treaty of Great Corby, to the extent that it purported to affect the Islands, as a nullity, observing that "it was signed by the King of Plumbland after Aspatria had ceased to be subject to His rule." 事后与外交部长史密斯举行的会议当中，特立尼达大使指出布朗布岛是第一个占领 群岛的．他坚持群岛在1819年前是阿斯佩特里亚总督辖区管理的布朗布岛所属 地．阿斯佩特里亚独立后，所有总督辖区之土地(包括群岛) 并按照占领地保有原 则，转移至新国家的主权下．他视针对群岛之大科尔比协议为无效，认为＂此协议 是在布朗布岛国王不再统治阿斯佩特里亚后签署的．＂ 17 25. Foreign Minister Smith rejected all of Aspatria's assertions, replying that Rydal would never relinquish its claim to the Islands. He recalled that Rydal had discovered the Islands and that, in any event, Plumbland had abandoned its settlement there. He concluded, "I understand your contention that all of Plumbland's rights in the Islands have descended to Aspatria. But I regret to inform you that Aspatria has inherited nothing." The negotiations produced no resolution. 史密斯外交部长否认了阿斯佩特里亚所有断言，答说赖德尔不可能放弃其群岛的所 有权。他利用赖德尔为首先发现其群岛的国家以及布朗布岛已遗弃了群岛的移民定 居点为辩辞，论断：“我能理解你们认为布朗布岛以前拥有的群岛所有权应转负于亚斯佩特里亚的论点，但是遗憾的是，亚斯佩特里亚并没有继承任何的领地所有 权。”谈判没有成立任何决议。 26. In 1839, King Piero finally prevailed in his sixteen-year conflict against revolutionaries within Plumbland. Weary of conflict and ill-equipped to re-conquer his remaining colonies in the Southern Hemisphere, he recognised the independence of Aspatria. In the subsequent Treaty of Woodside, Plumbland recognised Aspatria's sovereignty over the former territory of the Viceroyalty of Aspatria, excluding the Islands. At Aspatria's insistence, a clause was included within the Treaty acknowledging Aspatria's continued claim to the Islands. 皮埃尔国王终于在1893年战胜十六年与布朗布岛革命者的对抗．布朗布岛在随后制定的Woodside协议当中，承认阿斯佩特里对前总督辖区of 阿斯佩特里亚地区 (群岛除外) 拥有地主权．在阿斯佩特里亚的坚持下此协议另外又加入一个承认阿斯 佩特里亚延续拥有对群岛所有权之条款. 18 27. In 1845, Aspatria established a permanent diplomatic mission in Rydal. Between 1845 and 1880, in addition to conducting unrelated diplomatic business, the Ambassador routinely reiterated Aspatria's claim to the Islands, complaining particularly of any specific acts that Aspatria considered inconsistent with its sovereignty over the Islands. The Rydalian Foreign Ministry categorically dismissed these complaints. 1845年，亚斯佩特里亚在赖德尔成立了常驻外交使团。 1845年至1889年的期 间，大使除了执行不相关的外交活动以外，还是经常地声明了阿斯佩特里亚对群岛 的土地所有权，并特别投诉了阿斯佩特里亚认为对违法自己对群岛所属的主权之行 为。赖尔德外交部门大都驳回了这些申诉。 28. Meanwhile, a succession of Rydalian governors of the Islands exercised control over the whole archipelago. The early inhabitants brought by HMS Applethwaite, HMS Braithwaite and The Unthank inter-married and produced offspring. The population was further supplemented by other immigrants to the Islands , mainly from Rydal. Farming and fishing were developed and whilst there was no great wealth on the Islands, they provided a useful strategic harbour for Rydal's navy. By 1899, the population was 4,420, and by 1999, it was 7,054. 同时,继承该群岛的赖德尔省长操控了的整个群岛. 早期被HMS Applethwaite, HMS Braithwaite和The Unthank带来的居民通婚生子,增加了不少来自群岛(特别是赖德 尔)的移民．虽然此岛的经济环境不优，农业和渔业的发展提供给海军极佳的海港 战略． 1899年的人口为4420, 1999年的人口为7054. 29. In 1903, the King of Rydal issued an order to the Governor of the Islands to establish a consultative Assembly to allow the Islanders to express their views to the Governor on matters of day-to-day administration of the Islands. However, the Governor retained sole 19 authority to act. 1903年，赖德尔国王对群岛的省长发布了成立让岛民发表对政府日常管理的意见 的协商会议的命令。但是，省长仍保为唯一有行动权威的人。 30. Between 1880 and 1910, Aspatria experienced a serious political and economic crisis which led to a series of coups d'etat and counter-coups. During this period, Aspatria recalled all of its ambassadors, lodged no complaints concerning the Islands, and made no attempts to assert control over them. In 1910, civilian government was restored in Aspatria, and, in 1911, the new President, Porfirio Sebastiani, appointed a new Ambassador to Rydal, who resumed the assertion of Aspatria's claim to the Islands. 1880年至1910年，阿斯佩特里亚所经历的严重政治和经济危机，导致了一系列的 政变和反政变．在此期间，阿斯佩特里亚撤回所有的大使，没提出任何关于群岛的 控告，并没试图强硬控制该岛．阿斯佩特里亚在1910年恢复平民政府．新一任总 统柏非立．西巴思丁, 任命了新一任驻赖德尔大使，并重新强硬阿斯佩特里亚对该 岛的控制． 31. By the late 1930s, a small but regular trading link had been established between the Islands and Aspatria. Aspatria did not impose import duties on goods from the Islands, although Rydal levied duties on all goods imported to the Islands from outside Rydal, including those from Aspatria. 1930年代后期，阿斯佩特里亚与群岛以成立了一个小而稳定的贸易关系。来自群 岛的货品在阿斯佩特里亚市免税的，但是赖尔德仍然保持对所有进口货的进口税， 其包括群岛及阿斯佩特里亚的货品。 20 32. Until World War II, foreign commercial activity on the Islands, especially by Aspatrian companies, was limited because of restrictions imposed by Rydal. The Islands depended upon Rydal for substantial investment in local business or infrastructure. Rydal paid for the introduction of telephones and radio transmissions, and for the building of an airport. The Islands did not have a self-sustainable economy and remained poor by international standards. 直到第二次世界大战，赖德尔强力限制了岛内许多外国（特别是阿斯佩特里公司） 商务活动．群岛各大型企业和基础建设投资都靠赖德尔．赖德尔投资了引进岛内的 电话和无线电传输并支付了新创建的机场．群岛并没有可独立维持性的经济，因此 该国的贫穷程度仍高于国际标准． 33. Since independence, Aspatrian law has treated persons born on the Islands as citizens of Aspatria. They are free to enter Aspatria as citizens and some do so for educational or business purposes. Rydal allows Aspatrians to visit the Islands only on presentation of a passport , a requirement that Aspatria has consistently protested. 自独立起，阿斯佩特里亚法律认所有出生于群岛的岛民为阿斯佩特里亚的公民。因 此，群岛岛民能自由地以公民身份进入阿斯佩特里亚，其原因包括为教育或经商。 赖尔德则要求阿斯佩特里亚公民在呈交护照后才能进入群岛地区。阿斯佩特里亚一 直坚持抗议这个要求。 34. In 1945, Rydal joined the United Nations as an original member. It designated the Islands a non-self-governing territory and has fulfilled its obligations under article 73 of the Charter by regularly transmitting reports on the Islands to the Secretary-General. 1945年，赖尔德以创始成员国的身份加入联合国。它指明岛屿为非自治领土并且 21 通过定期在岛屿上给联合国秘书长发送履行了它在73宪章中的责任。 35. In 1947, Rydal gave the Islands a constitution, in line with Rydal's treatment of its other colonies. It guaranteed universal suffrage to all adult residents of the Islands in elections to choose the members of the Assembly of the Islands. The Constitution confirmed Rydalian sovereignty over the Islands, but gave control over day-to-day governance, including the exploitation of natural resources, to the Assembly, subject to the approval of the Governor appointed by Rydal as the King's representative. Rydal maintained exclusive authority over the defence and foreign relations of the Islands. 1947年，赖德尔为岛屿制定了与其对其他殖民地待遇一致的宪法。它保证了岛屿 上所有成年居民在选举中选择岛屿集会成员的广泛选举权。宪法确认了赖尔德对岛 屿行使主权，但把包括自然资源的开采在内的日常治理权留给集会， 同时集会服 从赖德尔指定为国王代理人的地方长官。赖德尔保留岛屿防御工事和外交关系的唯 一授权。 36. When Aspatria joined the United Nations in 1949, its Ambassador, Francisco Hotton, sent a diplomatic note to the Secretary-General, asserting: Aspatria has indisputable sovereignty over the Windscale Islands, deriving from Plumbland's first settlement and Aspatria's subsequent independence, notwithstanding any provision of the Treaty of Great Corby. We trust that the member states and organs of the United Nations will recognise Aspatria's rights and call for Rydal to cede administration of the Islands peacefully to Aspatria. 1949年阿斯佩特里亚加入联合国时，它的大使，弗朗西斯哥。霍顿，给秘书长发 送外交函件，声明： 22 阿斯佩特里亚对温茨盖尔岛屿行使主权。其主权来自于从布朗布最初定居点 和阿斯佩特里亚随后的独立，虽然没有任何来自大科尔比条约的条款。我们 相信联合国的成员国和机构将认可阿斯佩特里亚的权利并要求赖德尔和平放 弃对岛屿的行政权并将其交予阿斯佩特里亚。 37. Since its formation in 1962, the UN Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples ("Special Committee") has regularly taken up the matter of the competing claims to the Islands. In such proceedings, the Special Committee has always expressed concern for the interests of the population on the Islands. When the Special Committee first discussed the question of the Islands, the Prime Minister of Rydal appeared before the Committee and stated: Rydal has committed itself to respecting the will of the peoples of its various territories. If they want self-government or independence, we will facilitate their desire and respect their right to determine their own futures. However, if any of these territories wish to remain within the Rydalian family, the rest of the world must respect their decision. 自1962年组建至今，联合国给予殖民地国家和人民独立宣言执行情况特别委员会 （“特别委员会“）已经定期着手处理关于岛屿的竞争声明。在这样的进程下，特殊委员会一贯表现出了对岛屿人民的关注。当特殊委员会第一次讨论岛屿问题时，赖 德尔首相在委员会前发言声明： 赖德尔致力于尊重它不同地区上人民的意愿。如果他们要求自治或者独立， 我们将促进他们的愿望并且尊重他们决定自己未来的权利。然而，如果任何 23 地区希望留在赖德尔家族，世界上其他的（国家和组织）必须尊重他们的选 择。 38. In the 1980s, the Special Committee began allowing a delegation from the Islands to make presentations at the Committee's meetings, despite Aspatria's protests. The delegation routinely expressed its desire that the Islands remain a part of Rydal. Before the Special Committee and the General Assembly, a number of states regularly supported Aspatria's claim to the Islands. Among these were ten states located near Aspatria. 1980年代，无视阿斯佩特里亚的抗议，特别委员会开始允许一个来自群岛的代表 团在委员会会议上作报告。代表团表达了他们想要群岛作为赖尔德一部分的意愿。 在特别委员会和常规大会之前，若干国家支持阿斯佩特里亚对于群岛的所有权。在 这些国家中，有十个国家位于阿斯佩特里亚附近。 39. In the 1970s and 1980s, trade steadily increased between Rydal and Aspatria. Although the two States continued to disagree over the status of the Islands, one Prime Minister of Rydal noted, "This issue may in some future time be resolved, but for now, it is more productive for these two great nations to focus upon matters of more significant mutual benefit." In 1985, Aspatria and Rydal negotiated and signed a Treaty Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment ("the Aspatria-Rydal BIT") , which entered into force in the same year. The relevant provisions of the Aspatria-Rydal BIT are set out in Annex I. 在1970年代和1980年代，贸易在赖尔德和阿斯佩特里亚之间稳步增长。虽然这两 个国家在群岛的所有权问题上一直达不成共识，但是赖尔德的一位总理仍称：“这 个问题在未来的某一天也许会被解决，但就目前来看，这两大国若将重心放在更有 意义的互利项目上会更有成效。”1985年，赖尔德和阿斯佩特里亚协商并签署了鼓 24 励和相互保护投资条约（又称“阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT”），该协议同年生效。鼓励和相互保护投资条约的相关条款请见附录I。 40. The Rydalian Oil Company ("ROCO"), incorporated in Rydal in 1972, is a multi- national energy corporation with worldwide gross revenue of more than US$150 billion in 2007. ROCO's corporate structure includes dozens of subsidiaries and related corporations around the world, including the A & L Exploration Corporation ("ALEC"), incorporated in Aspatria. ROCO owns 80% of the shares in ALEC, and the remaining 20% are owned by more than 5,000 shareholders of various nationalities. 赖尔德石油公司（“ROCO”）于1972年在赖尔德建成。它是一个多国化的能源公 司，在2007年在全球获得了1500亿美元的总收入。赖尔德石油公司的公司结构中 包含了分布在全球的子公司，包括在阿斯佩特里亚建成的A&L勘探公司（“ALEC”）。赖尔德石油公司拥有A&L勘探公司80%的股份，余下的20%股份 由5000多名不同国籍的股东所持有。 41. In 1991, the Natural Resources Act ("NRA") was passed in Aspatria, inter alia making it a criminal offence, punishable by a fine of up to 5% of its worldwide revenues, for an Aspatrian company to "take any action inconsistent with an exclusive government license or patent concerning natural resources." The NRA also restricts licenses for the exploitation of energy resources in Aspatria to locally incorporated companies. Following the enactment of the NRA, ROCO has channelled its Aspatrian business through ALEC, over the years providing machinery and capital for ALEC's operations in Aspatria. In 1993, Aspatria granted ALEC a license to exploit oil deposits in the northeast province of Aspatria, which has resulted in a consistent stream of revenue to ALEC's shareholders. 1991年，自然资源法（“NRA”）在阿斯佩特里亚通过，它被特别制定为刑事罪， 25 阿斯佩特里亚的公司最高可因采取不符合政府独占许可或有关自然资源的专利权， 被罚款其全球收入的5%。自然资源法同时也将能源开采许可专限于阿斯佩特里亚 本土公司。根据资源资源法的规定，赖尔德石油公司利用A&L勘探公司把阿斯佩特里亚的生意连接起来。其为A&L勘探公司在阿斯佩特里亚提供了数年的机器和 资本运作。 1993年，阿斯佩特里亚准予了A&L勘探公司在其东北部地区的油田 开发许可，致使该公司的股东得到了持续的收入流。 42. In 1997, oil was discovered in the basin around the Islands. Rydal contracted with ROCO to explore and map the oil reserves. In 2001, ROCO submitted its findings, indicating significant reserves located within 200 nautical miles of the Islands' baselines. The report stated that the Islands had the potential to become "one of the most important producers of oil outside the Middle East." 1997年，在群岛附近的盆地发现了石油后，赖德尔王国和赖德尔石油公司签约共 同探索石油储备地。 2001年，赖德尔石油公司的研究报道指出在群岛200航海英里之内存在着重多石油，让群岛有潜能成为“中东最主要的石油生产者之一” 。 43. The discovery of oil energised an already growing independence movement on the Islands, led by a group calling itself Islanders Longing for Sovereignty and Autonomy ("ILSA"). ILSA's statement of principles declared, "The Islands are entitled to independence, which ILSA seeks as an ultimate goal. In the interim, continued administration by Rydal is preferable to subjugation by Aspatria, which ILSA will never accept." ILSA cited the potential oil wealth as a basis for the Islands' viability as an independent state. In the 2002 and 2006 elections, members of ILSA were elected to the Assembly of the Islands in growing numbers. 石油的发现加强了已经增长的独立运动。一群自称为“主权与自治群岛主义者” 26 （“ILSA”）的活跃分子表明：“我们的最终宗旨是群岛拥有独立权。在这过渡期 间，我们强力要求赖德尔继续统治群岛，而不是受到阿斯佩特里亚的支配”。 ILSA 认为石油将带来的财富证明了群岛有能力成为独立的国家。在2002和2006的选 举，越来越多ILSA的成员入选群岛国议会。 44. News of oil in the Islands also reinvigorated calls in the Aspatrian media and Aspatrian Parliament for a more aggressive assertion of Aspatrian sovereignty over the Islands. Numerous bills were proposed in Parliament, variously declaring Aspatria's legal right to the Islands. 由于石油的发现，阿斯佩特里亚的媒体和国会提倡阿斯佩特里亚要更加强调对群岛 的统治权。国会提出了许多议案，各自宣称阿斯佩特里亚在群岛的合法权力。 45. Felix Monte de Rosa is the richest man in Aspatria and, according to Forbes magazine, one of the 25 wealthiest individuals in the world. His company, MDR Limited, is an Aspatrian corporation engaged in the business of extracting and processing oil, coal , and other fuel sources throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The weekly newspaper The Times of Rydal has estimated that Monte de Rosa is the fifth-largest landowner in Rydal. MDR Limited also owns a diverse portfolio of securities and other investment assets in Rydalian companies. 根据《福布斯》杂志报道，费利克斯．曼特．罗莎先生是阿斯佩特里亚最富有的人 士，而且是世界上前25名富翁之一。他的MDR有限公司经营在南半球内提炼和 加工石油、煤炭和其它燃料资源的生意。 《赖德尔时报》估计费利克斯．曼 特．罗莎先生是赖德尔第五大地主。而MDR有限公司同时还拥有一系列的有价证 券和其它投资资产。 27 46. In 2003, MDR Limited petitioned the Aspatrian government for an exclusive license to extract oil from the basin around the Islands. The Justice Minister of Rydal, a university classmate of Monte de Rosa, addressed remarks directly to him in a press conference, commenting , "Aspatria doesn't actually control the Islands, so any right you might be granted would be worthless." Nonetheless, at a press conference of his own promoting the petition, Monte de Rosa declared, "The Islands belong to Aspatria, and the oil belongs to Aspatria. I am a son of Aspatria. So it is my patriotic responsibility to make sure that Aspatrian oil is extracted by the Aspatrian people for the Aspatrian people." 2003年，MDR有限公司向阿斯佩特里亚政府申请在群岛附近的盆地提炼石油的独 家许可。赖德尔的司法部长，同时也是曼特．罗莎的大学同学，在记者招待会上直 接向曼特．罗莎声明：“群岛并不属于阿斯佩特里亚管辖，所以任何阿斯佩特里亚 给予的权利将是无用的。”但是，曼特．罗莎却在自己召开的记者招待会表示：“群 岛是属于阿斯佩特里亚的，石油也是属于阿斯佩特里亚的。我是阿斯佩特里亚的子 民，所以确保这些石油是由阿斯佩特里亚人民为阿斯佩特里亚人民而提炼的是我爱 国心的职责所在。” 47. The President of Aspatria, Cecilia Lavin, approve the petition, and the Parliament duly endorsed it in legislation which explicitly referred to the NRA. In a subsequent press conference, President Lavin stated, "By this decision, the government has granted Monte de Rosa an exclusive license to extract the oil in the Windscale Islands." 阿斯佩特里亚总统，塞西莉亚．拉温批准了MDR有限公司的申请。国议会也声称支持。在随后的记者招待会，拉温总统表示：“通过这个决定，政府已经给予曼特．罗莎独家的权利去提炼温茨凯尔群岛的石油。 28 48. The Prime Minister of Rydal, Agnes Abbott, protested at the decision by diplomatic note to President Lavin, commenting that "the nonsensical grant of authority by Aspatria to exploit the natural resources of the Windscale Islands, over which it has no sovereignty, needlessly complicates the fragile relations between our two States." Meanwhile, in a letter published in The Times of Rydal, Monte de Rosa wrote, "Let Aspatria worry about Aspatria; let Rydal worry about Rydal. Monte de Rosa will take care of Monte de Rosa ." Nevertheless, Monte de Rosa and MDR Limited took no steps to extract oil from the Islands' basin over the next several years. 赖德尔的总理阿根奈．阿伯特用外交照会对赐决定表示抗议，道：“阿斯佩特里亚没有权利把没有主权的温茨凯尔群岛的自然资源授权于他人。这个无理的行为不必 要的复杂了我们两国之间的微妙关系。”同时，曼特．罗莎在The Times of 赖德尔 上所发表的一封信上表示：“让阿斯佩特里亚管阿斯佩特里亚的事物，让赖德尔管 赖德尔的事物。曼特．罗莎会处理曼特．罗莎自己的事物。”然而，曼特．罗莎与MDR Limited在随后的几年内并没有做出任何采油的行动。 49. In December 2006, the leader of the Assembly of Islands, First Minister Nigel Craven, announced that the Rydalian government had approved an Assembly plan to invite and evaluate bids for the rights to exploit the oil reserves within the exclusive economic zone of the Islands . First Minister Craven issued a public call for bids, which announced that the bidding process would be "open, transparent and competitive." To qualify, bidding companies had to be incorporated or have a registered office in Rydal. First Minister Craven instructed companies wishing to bid to set forth a strategic plan, a profit sharing proposal, and a list of existing corporate resources to be committed to the project. A committee of the Assembly would evaluate all bids and make recommendations to the full Assembly. A final decision would be made by a majority vote of the Assembly, subject to the assent of the Governor of the Islands, Lucy Black. President Lavin and the 29 Aspatrian Ambassador to Rydal publicly protested the bidding process. 2006年十二月，温茨凯尔群岛的参议会第一部长迺裘克雷文宣布赖德尔政府已核 准参议会邀请及评估岛内专属经济区的油田的采油权标价的打算。第一部长克雷文 公共邀请采油权标价，表示招标审判会“公开的、透明的及有竞争性的”。希望投标的公司必须注册于赖德尔或在赖德尔有注册办事处。第一部长克雷文交代所有希望 投标的公司提供一个战略计画、分红制和一个包括公司会分配于此计画的资源的列 单。参议会特殊委员会则会评估所有的标价并推荐给参议会所有的委员。参议会会 经过多数表决做最后决定，此决定并需通过温茨凯尔群岛省长露希布莱克的核可。 拉文总统及阿斯佩特里亚在赖德尔的大使公开的反对了此计画。 50. Although several companies expressed interest in the project, the Assembly received only two bids: one from ROCO and one from MDR Limited. ROCO's bid promised 45% of the net proceeds to the Islands and listed the existing equipment, personnel, and assets of ALEC located in Aspatria as resources that would be used to extract and process the oil. 虽然多公司对此计划表示兴趣,参议会只收到两份标书；一个来自ROCO 另一个来自MDR 有限公司. ROCO 的标书保证把45%的净收益交给地方政府,和把阿斯佩特里亚现有的设备,人力,资产列为采油的资源. 51. MDR's bid, which was submitted by its local registered office in Rydal, included an up-front payment of US$500 million upon the signing of a final license agreement and a promise to pay 50% of the net proceeds to the Islands. I am not an international lawyer. All I know is oil. I do not know the outcome of the negotiations that Aspatria and Rydal plan to conduct concerning the long-term future of the Windscale Islands. Nor is this of any significance to me. As a 30 practical matter, it is clear that I will need the acquiescence of both governments if I am to get oil from the Islands, and if I am to be able, in turn, to provide them with infrastructure, employment, and prosperity. MDR透过当地注册办事处提交的标书保证在签约的同时预支5亿美元和分配50%的净收益给地方政府.MDR的策略列出客户名单, 预计销售和运输路线. MDR也计画在岛上建设新的设施并且雇用当地的人工.MDR的标书里表示阿斯佩特里亚政府 已经批准了他们的计画,因此可以使用阿斯佩特里亚的港口和基础设施. 曼特．罗莎在附信里写； 我不是国际律师.我只在乎石油.我不能预测阿斯佩特里亚和赖德尔谈判有关 长温茨凯尔岛未来的结果.这对我来说也没有任何意义. 出自必要,我需要受双 国政府的核可才可以在岛内采油,由此提供基本设施,就业机会和财富. 52. In October 2007, the committee of the Assembly recommended that MDR's bid be approved. The Assembly rapidly endorsed the committee's recommendation by a vote of 20 in favour and 15 against, and forwarded it to Governor Black for her signature. First Minister Craven explained , "The MDR bid was without question the more economically attractive to the people of the Islands." An ILSA spokesman explained his group's dissenting votes, saying, "The offer is attractive, but as the classic story of Troy tells us, we must be wary of Aspatrians bearing gifts." 2007年10月, 参议会特殊委员会建议此标书被核准.参议会迅速以20票对15票通过该委员会的建议,并转交给省长布莱克签字.总理克雷文解释,“MDR的标书对人民比较有经济吸引力.”ILSA的发言人针对反对票做出解释,“此提议虽然具有吸引力,但特洛伊的故事警告我们要对带着礼物的阿斯佩特里亚人提高警惕.” 31 53. After a week of consultation with Prime Minister Abbott, on 1 November 2007, Governor Black called a press conference to announce that she was withholding her signature. She invited the Assembly to reconsider its recommendation: The future of the Windscale Islands lies with that community of States, led by Rydal, which shares a common history, culture, and values. Whilst Mr Monte de Rosa's proposal may be appealing in the short term, it is my responsibility as the King's representative in the Islands to safeguard the long-term viability of the territory and its people. 经过一周与阿伯特总理的协商以后， 在11月一日，2007，布拉克总督召开记者会 并宣布她暂时保留其签名。她邀请了议会重新考虑其推荐： 温茨凯尔群岛的未来是与赖德尔这个共享历史，文化，以及价值观的团体紧 密联系的。尽管曼特．罗莎先生的提议在短期内很有吸引力，作为国王在该 群岛的代表, 我有责任维护领土和人民的长期生存。 54. On 14 November 2007, the Assembly approved the ROCO bid, by a vote of 22 to 13. First Minister Craven explained his vote in favour on the floor of the Assembly, remarking, "Whilst not as generous as the MDR bid, the ROCO bid is still quite lucrative for the Islands." The ILSA members issued a joint press release, announcing that they "vote in favour of this bid on its merits, but have grave concerns about the high-handed manner in which this matter has been treated by the Governor. This is a defeat for the cause of self-determination, and underscores the need for independence for the people of the Windscale Islands." Governor Black promptly signed the recommendation and announced that First Minister Craven would immediately initiate negotiations with ROCO towards a final contract. 32 2007年11月14日，大会以22票赞成13票反对通过了ROCO的投标。首席部长克雷文在解释他在大会上投赞成票的原因时说道：“尽管并不像MDR的投标那样慷慨，ROCO的出价对于群岛来说仍然足够丰厚。”伊尔萨的成员则发表联合公告 指出他们“尽管出于对这个投标优点的喜爱投了赞成票，但是仍对政府官员处理这 个问题的高压政策表示严重关切。这是对温茨凯尔群岛人民自决以及独立的损害。 布莱克省长立即签署了议案并且宣布由克雷文部长负责启动与ROCO关于最终的谈判。 55. The next day, Monte de Rosa held a press conference, denouncing the decision as "discrimination, pure and simple." He concluded, "Aspatria and Rydal have open economic relations, secured by a bilateral investment treaty. Yesterday, the old world of imperialism struck a jarring blow against the new world of free trade. The colonial arrogance shown by Rydal must not stand." 次日，蒙特罗莎在举办的新闻发布会上谴责这个决定是“赤裸裸的歧视”。他总结道，“阿斯佩特里亚和赖德尔王国之间存在被双边条约保障的经济联系。就在昨 天，帝国主义旧世界对自由贸易新世界发动了打击，赖德尔王国表现出来的殖民式 的傲慢是不可容忍的。 56. On 16 November 2007, the Public Prosecutor of Aspatria filed criminal charges against ALEC under the NRA. In the official announcement, the Prosecutor said: It is illegal for any Aspatrian company to interfere with an exclusive license over energy resources. In materially participating in the ROCO bid, ALEC violated the NRA by circumventing the Aspatrian license and claiming access to the same oil reserves that are the subject of that license under a purported grant from the government of Rydal. 33 2007年11月16号，阿斯佩特里亚检察官在自然资源法下(under)提交刑事指控ALEC公司。在官方公告上，检察官宣布： 如果任何阿斯佩特里亚公司干扰他人的能源的独家授权非法。因ALEC参加 重大的表面膜参加投标，ALEC反绕过阿斯佩特里亚许可证，并声称反问相 同的石油储备，正在从政府的本意是赖德尔授予该许可问题的全国政府。 57. In connection with the criminal case, the Prosecutor contemporaneously filed an administrative petition, asking the court to seize all assets of ALEC within Aspatria. The Aspatrian criminal code authorises the seizure of assets within the jurisdiction of the court if they "might be used to further, to promote, or to conceal criminal conduct." The Prosecutor requested that the court order the sequestration of all ALEC vessels, drilling equipment, and cash within the territory of Aspatria. The court granted the application, and Aspatrian federal police immediately seized all assets of ALEC that could be found within Aspatrian territory, including bank accounts and an oil tanker valued at approximately US$80 million. 在与刑事案件方面，检察官同时提出行政申诉，要求法院没收ALEC在阿斯佩特里亚内所有资产。阿斯佩特里亚刑法批准法庭没收一切财产，“如果可能被用来进一步推动，或盈满犯罪行为。”检察官请求法庭规定一切在阿斯佩特里亚的ALEC船，钻探设备和现金都被扣押。法院批准了申请，并且让阿斯佩特里亚联邦警察立 即没收一切在阿斯佩特里亚领土上的ALEC资产，包括银行帐户和一个油轮（股 价8000万美元）。 58. Counsel for ALEC promptly filed a petition with the Supreme Administrative Court of Aspatria, consistent with Aspatrian law, asking that the order be cancelled. On 3 March 2008, the Supreme Administrative Court denied ALEC's petition in ALEC v. 34 Langdale Administrative Court. No further direct or indirect appeal from the order is possible under Aspatrian law. 阿斯佩特里亚律师立即向最高法院行政法庭，通过符合阿斯佩特里亚法律的方式提 交一份请愿书，要求以上命令被取消。 2008年，3月3号，最高法庭拒绝阿斯佩特里亚在ALEC对朗戴尔行政法庭申诉的请愿书。在阿斯佩特里亚法律规定下， 阿斯佩特里亚律师不许通过直接或间接方式再次上诉。 59. The underlying criminal case, Prosecutor v. ALEC, has not yet reached final decision. According to reports from several independent international NGOs, most criminal cases in Aspatrian courts take between four and six years to conclude, with another two to three years for appeals. Counsel for ALEC, in a press conference on 4 March 2008, complained about this process, saying, "The slow pace of justice in Aspatria means that this so-called 'temporary' seizure is for all practical purposes permanent. By the time this case wends its way through the Aspatrian courts, ALEC will have lost millions of dollars in revenue." 检查官诉ALEC公司的案件还未定案。根据许多国际非政府组织报告，大部分阿 斯佩特里亚的刑事案需要四到六年才能断定与两到三年用来上诉。在2008年3月 4日的记者招待会，ALEC公司的法律顾问抱怨道：“阿斯佩特里亚法律制裁的缓慢速度表示所谓的“暂时”扣押其实是长久的。等到这个案件结束时， ALEC公司已经 损失上百万的收入。” 60. Prime Minister Abbott sent a protest to President Lavin on 1 April 2008, asserting that the seizure was unlawful under international law and violated the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. President Lavin responded: 35 The assets of ALEC are not protected by the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. Furthermore, the administrative court's order was necessary to preserve the status quo until the criminal court is able to deliver its final judgment. I reiterate that Rydal's claim of authority to extract Aspatria's natural resources without permission is a violation of our sovereignty, and adds insult to the great injury already inflicted upon Aspatria by Rydal's long illegal occupation of the Windscale Islands. 2008年4月1日，阿伯特总理给拉文总统寄了一封抗议的信，信里断言发生的夺 取不遵循国际法律，并且违反了阿斯佩特里亚和赖德尔之间的协议。拉文总统回 应： ALECare的资产并不在阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT保护之下。此外，在刑事 法院公开它的最终判决以前，为了保持政治现状，行政法庭的命令是必要 的。我重申，赖德尔在没有许可的情况下提取阿斯佩特里亚的自然资源违反 了阿斯佩特里亚的主权。赖德尔非法占领温茨凯尔群岛给阿斯佩特里亚造成 的侮辱被现状增加了。 61. On 3 December 2007, Monte de Rosa filed a judicial challenge in the courts of Rydal against the results of the Rydalian bidding process, but the case was dismissed for lack of standing to sue. His expedited appeals from that dismissal failed to overturn it , and the Supreme Court denied discretionary review on 22 August 2008. After the Supreme Court decision was announced, in an interview with the Tokyo newspaper Asahi Shimbun, Monte de Rosa called upon the Aspatrian government to assert its rights under the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. 2007年12月3日，蒙特德罗莎向赖德尔王国法院提交了一份司法质疑文件，以质 疑赖德尔招标过程的结果，但是这个案件由于缺乏诉讼资格被驳回。蒙特德罗莎迅 速提出了上诉，但是未能推翻审判结果。并且2008年8月22日，最高法院拒绝酌 36 情审查。在最高法院公布结果后，蒙特德罗莎在与日本报纸Asahi Shimbun的采访中呼吁阿斯佩特里亚政府在阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT的指导下维护其权利。 62. Meanwhile, the controversy surrounding Governor Black's rejection of the Assembly's acceptance of MDR's bid sparked non-violent protests across the Islands. ILSA organised a number of public rallies and called for a referendum on independence. First Minister Craven called a meeting of the Assembly on 6 September 2008. It passed a resolution declaring that the Islanders had the right to determine their own future and that a plebiscite should be held. In the event the vote favoured independence, the resolution called upon Rydal to provide all necessary assistance in the progression to independence, in accordance with a further resolution of the Assembly which would be required to give effect to the results of the plebiscite. 与此同时，总督布莱克拒绝对联大通过的MDR的投标的事情在岛间激起了非暴力 抗议。 ILSA组织了很多公共聚会，并组织了独立的全民公投。第一部长克雷文在 2008年9月6日举办了联大会议。大会通过了一项决议，决议声明岛民有权决定 他们自己的未来，并且需要组织公民投票。该项投票支持独立，决议呼吁赖德尔提 供所有对独立过程中必要的帮助，公民投票需要大会通过更深入的决议来生效。 63. A plebiscite was held on 6 December 2008, offering three options: (1) "full independence," (2) "entering into negotiations over unification with Aspatria," or (3) "remaining a part of Rydal." On 8 December, the Assembly concluded its tally, and announced that 76% of the Islanders had voted for independence, 18% for remaining with Rydal, and 6% in favour of prospective unification with Aspatria. The voter turnout was 93%. 群岛在2008年12月6日举行了一次公民投票，包括三个选择：（1）“完全独 37 立，”（2）“与阿斯佩特里亚谈判统一的事由，”或者（3）“留为赖德尔的一部分。”在12月8 日，大会统计并公布了票数：76%的群岛公民支持独立，18%支持由赖德尔统治，还有6%支持与阿斯佩特里亚统一。这次的投票率是93%。 64. Following the plebiscite, First Minister Craven scheduled a session of the Assembly to consider the necessary steps to give effect to the desire of the Islanders for independence. Prime Minister Abbott issued a statement indicating that the King of Rydal and His government endorse the outcome of the plebiscite and pledge the full support of Rydal in assisting the Islanders' transition to independence. 公民投票结束后，第一部长克雷文安排了大会会议为讨论群岛成为独立国家所需的 步骤。总理阿伯特宣布赖德尔国王和政府认可公民投票的结果而且保证会全力协助 群岛独立的过渡。 65. President Lavin condemned the plebiscite as illegal and stated that she would do all in her power to ensure that the Islands were "returned to Aspatria's rightful control." The President said, "Rydal cannot grant what it does not possess: it cannot grant independence where it does not itself have lawful sovereignty. The Rydalian endorsement of the plebiscite exacerbates the illegal occupation of the Islands in violation of Aspatria's historic title." 拉文总统谴责全民公决的不合法性并声明她会尽全力保证离岛会“回到阿斯特利亚的合法控制”。总统说：“赖德尔无权授予其不拥有的事物，它无权承认一个它不拥 有合法主权的地方独立。赖德尔人民对全民公决的支持恶化了非法占领离岛对阿斯 佩特利亚的侵犯。 38 66. On 1 February 2009, Prime Minister Abbott sent a diplomatic note to President Lavin. The note read, in relevant part: Aspatria's unlawful prosecution and seizure of ALEC's assets has made it impossible for ROCO to exploit this resource, and Rydal has no intention of respecting an Aspatrian license to exploit assets which Aspatria does not have. What is at stake goes beyond commercial interests. Issues of territorial sovereignty and self-determination for the Islanders are also in play. We therefore propose that our two governments begin negotiations immediately towards a Special Agreement for submission to the International Court of Justice. 2009年2月1日，阿伯特总理向拉文总统提交了一份外交声明，其中的相关部分 提到： 阿斯佩特利亚对ALEC的起诉和对其资产的非法扣押使ROCO对资源的开 发成为泡影，同时赖德尔也无意尊重阿斯佩特利亚并不拥有的对资产开发的 许可证。现在攸关的已经超越了商业利益。领土主权以及离岛人民的自决同 样涉及其中。我们在此提议两国政府立即开始针对向国际法庭提交的特别协 定的谈判。 67. When the media reported the diplomatic note, Monte de Rosa immediately called a press conference. He stated: I support the peaceful resolution of this dispute. However, I remind the Government of Aspatria that Rydal rejected MDR's bid on the basis of blatant discrimination as to nationality. The economic interests of an Aspatrian national – namely, MDR Limited – have been irreparably harmed by this violation of the bilateral investment treaty. Regardless of how the other issues are resolved, MDR's 39 extraction of these resources has already been delayed for nearly two years by Rydal's unjustifiable rejection of MDR's bid. 当媒体报道了外交函件，蒙特德罗莎立即召开了记者招待会， 陈述： 我支持以和平的方式解决这一争端。但是我想提醒阿斯佩特利亚政府，赖德 尔因对国籍的公然歧视而拒绝了MDR的投标。做为一个阿斯佩特利亚企 业， MDR有限公司的经济利益因他方违反了双边投资条约而受到了无法弥 补的伤害。无论怎样解决其他问题，MDR的资源开采已经被赖德尔的无理 拒绝推迟了近两年。 68. President Lavin accepted the offer to negotiate, and the two States concluded the present Special Agreement. 总统拉文接受了进行谈判的提议，而且两国结束了目前的特殊协议。 69. Aspatria and Rydal have ratified the United Nations Charter, the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Neither Aspatria nor Rydal are parties to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States. Rydal is a member of the World Trade Organization("WTO"); Aspatria has applied for WTO membership, but it has not been admitted. 阿斯佩特利亚共和国和赖德尔共和国签认了联合国宪章，国际法院规约， 维也纳 条约法公约， 公民权利和政治权利国际公约， 社会与文化国际盟约和联合国海洋法公约。两国都是解决国家与其他国家国民之间投资争端公约的非签约国。赖德尔 40 是世界贸易组织的成员；阿斯佩特利亚申请加入世界贸易组织，但被拒绝。 70. Aspatria asks the Court to adjudge and declare that: (1) Rydal may not lawfully take steps giving effect to the independence of the Windscale Islands and must cede administration over the Islands to Aspatria because: (a) sovereignty over the Islands belongs toAspatria; and (b) the Islanders are not entitled to independencebased on the principle of self- determination. (2) Rydal'srejection of MDR's bid constituted a violation of the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. (3) Rydaldoes not have standing to invoke the Aspatria-Rydal BIT to protect the assetsof ALEC, an Aspatrian company, and in any event, Aspatria did not violate the Aspatria- Rydal BIT. 阿斯佩特里亚共和国请法院裁定并宣布： （1）赖德尔不能合法让温茨凯尔群岛独立, 并必须将温茨凯尔群岛的行政管理权交 给阿斯佩特里亚因为： （a）群岛的行政管理权属于阿斯佩特里亚; （b）岛民无权自主独立。 （2）赖德尔对MDR的投标拒绝违反了阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT。 （3）赖德尔没有权利用阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT保护阿斯佩特里亚n公司ALEC，而且在任何情况下，阿斯佩特里亚没有违反阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT。 71. Rydal asks the Court to adjudge and declare that: (1) Rydal is permitted under international law to take steps giving effect toindependence for the Windscale Islands because: (a) sovereignty over the Islandsbelongs to Rydal; and/or 41 (b) the Islanders are entitled toindependence as an exercise of their right to self- determination. (2) Rydal's rejection of the MDR bid did not violate the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. (3) Rydal has standing to invoke the Aspatria-Rydal BIT to protect the assets of a Rydalian enterprise in Aspatria and the seizure of such assets was a violation of the Aspatria-Rydal BIT. 赖德尔共和国请法院裁定并宣布： （1）在国际法律下，赖德尔有权给温茨凯尔群岛独立权因为 （a）群岛的行政管理权属于赖德尔; （b）岛民有权里自主独立。 （2）赖德尔对MDR的投标拒绝未违反阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT。 （3）赖德尔有资格用阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT来保障在阿斯佩特里亚的赖德尔之 企业，而且这企业资产扣押违反了阿斯佩特里亚-赖德尔BIT 。 42 ANNEX I I Treaty Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment 7 November 1985 关于促进和双向投资保险条约 The Republic of Aspatria and the Kingdom of Rydal (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"), 阿斯佩特利亚共和国和赖德尔共和国 （此后被称为“双方”） Desiring to create favourable conditions for greater economic cooperation between the Parties, in particular, for investments by investors of one Party in the territory of the other Party based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit, 在平等和互惠的原则上，为了加强经济上的合作，双方希望能够创造有利的经商环境，尤 其为一方的投资者在另一方的领土内投资。 Recognising that the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments on the basis of this Agreement will be conducive to stimulating entrepreneurship and will increase prosperity in both States, 在这协议的基础上，双方认同推广投资和双向投资保险会刺激企业发展同时促进经济 43 增长。 Hereby agree as follows: 兹同意如下： * * * "Investment" means every asset of an investor that has the characteristics of an investment, including such characteristics as the commitment of capital or other resources, the expectation of gain or profit, or the assumption of risk. Forms that an investment may take include: (a) an enterprise; (b) shares, stock, and other forms of equity participation in an enterprise; (c) licenses, authorisations, permits, and similar rights conferred pursuant to applicable domestic law. “投资”意味所有拥有投资特征的资产，特征包括资本和任何资源上的承诺，利润和财务 增加的预期，或者风险责任的承担。投资形式可采取的形式包括：（一）企业；（二）股 份，股票，和其他企业参与的方式；（三）许可证 ，授权，和相似预适用国内法一致的 权利。 "Investor of a Party" means a Party or state enterprise thereof, or a national or an enterprise of a Party, that attempts to make, is making, or has made an investment in the territory of the other Party. “一方的投资者”是指一个视图作，在做，或曾经在另一方的领土上做出投资的国有的企 业，国家党或者一方的企业。 * * * Article IV 条款 （四） 44 Each Party shall accord investments and investors of the other Party treatment no less favourable than that it accords, in like circumstances, to its own investors and to investors of any non-Party. 在相同的情况下，一方应以如对该国和其他国家的投资者一样的同等待遇对待另一方的投 资者和该投资。 Article V 条款 （五） Each Party shall accord to investments treatment in accordance with customary international law, including fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, and non-discrimination. 一方应按照习惯国际法来对待所有投资，包括公平和公正的待遇，提供充分的保护和确保 安全，以及不歧视。 Article VI 条款 （六） (a) Neither Party may expropriate or nationalise an investment either directly or indirectly through measures equivalent to expropriation or nationalisation ("expropriation"), except for a public purpose; in accordance with due process of law; in a non-discriminatory manner; and on prompt, adequate, and effective compensation. （甲）除为了公共目的，及在符合法律程序，无歧视的方式进行，和提供充分和有效的赔 偿的情况下外，任何一方都不能任何征用投资或把其收归国有。 45 (b) With the exception of measures so severe in light of their purpose that they cannot be reasonably viewed as having been adopted and applied in good faith, non-discriminatory measures of a Party that are designed and applied to protect legitimate public welfare objectives do not constitute indirect expropriation. （乙）一方以合法保护公共福利所成立，但没有以诚信和非歧视性的方法采用和应用的措 施，并不构成间接征用。 * * * Article XIII 条款 （六） In the event of a dispute arising with respect to the rights conferred by this Treaty, in addition to any arbitration proceeding to which an Investor of a Party may be entitled under this Treaty or by contract, the Party of said Investor’s nationality may bring the claim before the International Court of Justice, and the other Party shall accept the personal and subject matter jurisdiction of that Court. 如果出现因此条约授予一方的特权以及其任何调停程序而引起的争议，一方可以把要求带 到联合国国际法院，另一方必须接受该法院对该个人和事物的裁判权。 46 ANNEX II THE WINDSCALE ISLANDS N St. Bees , , Salkeld , Parrish's Landing Not to scale ASPATRIA Eden Ocean 0 10 20 30 40 50 MILES WINDSCALE ISLANDS 0 20 40 60 80 47 KM