培根的《论学习》中英文对照

培根的《论学习》中英文对照 Of Studies 论学习 Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯培根 王佐良 译Studies serve for delight for ornament and 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。for ability. Their chief use for delight is 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其傅in privateness and retiring for ornament is 彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才in discourse and for ability is in the 也，最见于处世判事之际。judgment and disposition of business.For expert and execute and perhaps judgeof particulars one by one but the general 练达之士虽能分别处理细事 或一一判别counsels and the plots and marshalling of 枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划， 则舍好affairs come best form those that are 学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文 learned. To spend too much time in 采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究studies is sloth to use them too much for 故态。ornament is affectation to make judgmentwholly by their rules is the humour of ascholar.They perfect nature and are perfected by 读书补天 然之不足，经验又补读书之不experience: for natural abilities are like 足，盖天生才干 犹如自然花草，读书然natural plants that need proyning by study 后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不and studies themselves do give forthdirections too much at large except they be 以经验范之，则又大而无当。bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies simple men 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，admire them and wise men use them for 唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告they teach not their own use but that is a 人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全wisdom without them and above them 凭观察得之。won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute nor to 读书 时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书believe and take for granted nor to find 上所言，亦 不可只为寻章摘句，而应推talk and discourse but to weigh and 敲细思。consider.Some books are to be tasted others to be 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须swallowed and some few to be chewed and 咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分digested that is some books are to be read 者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全only in parts others to be read but not 读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦curiously and some few to be read wholly 可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题and with diligence and attention. Some 材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹books also may be read by deputy and 如水经 蒸馏，淡而无味。extracts made of them by others but thatwould be only in the less importantarguments and the meaner sort of bookselse distilled books are like commondistilled waters flashy things.Reading maketh a full man conference a 读书使人 充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使ready man and writing an exact man. And 人准确。因此 不常做笔记者须记忆力特therefore if a man write little he had need 强，不常讨论者须 天生聪颖，不常读书have a great memory if he confer little he 者须欺世有术，始能无 知而显有知。had need have a present wit and if he readlittle he had need have much cunning toseem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise poets witty themathematics subtile natural philosophy 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使deep moral grave logic and rhetoric able 人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所 学，皆成性格。Nay there is no stand or impediment in the 人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书wit but may be wrought out by fit studies: 使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜like as diseases of the body may have 之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for 肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此the stone and reins shooting for the lungsand breast gentle walking for the stomach 类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演 riding for the head and the like. So if a 题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演;如mans wit be wandering let him study the 不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆mathematics for in demonstrations if his 吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同，不善以一wit be called away never so little he must 物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如begin again. If his wit be not apt to 此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。distinguish or find differences let himstudy the schoolmen for they are cyminisectors. If he be not apt to beat overmatters and to call up one thing to proveand illustrate another let him study thelawyers cases. So every defect of themind may have a special receipt.