作不可数名词

作不可数名词 Unit 17 Disabilities4. get around = get about (1) 表示“四处走动;活动” 1. disability It’s difficult for his grandpa to get around without a cane. 他祖父离开手杖就走不了道。 (1) 作不可数名词，表示“无能力，失去能力”，常作主语。 (2) 表示“消息传开，传出去” His disability prevents him from holding a job.他的无能使他不能胜任工作。 Bad news gets around quickly.坏消息总是传得很快。 Disability often arises from ill health.缺乏活力，常常是由健康不佳引起的。 5. fair (2) 作可数名词，表示“缺陷”，常作主语、宾语或表语。 (1) 作名词，表示“集市;庙会;展览会” Not speaking French in Paris is a real disability. a world fair 世界博览会 在巴黎不讲法语实在是一个缺陷。 (2) 作形容词，表示“公平的;相当的;晴朗的;金发的”，常作定语或表语。 He gets money from government because of his disabilities. We charge fair prices and are content with fair profits. 他因为残疾而接受政府的钱。 His knowledge of French is fair, but ought to be better. 他的法文不错;但是还应该更好些。 (3) 同义词:incapacity n.无能力，伤残 We are hoping for fair weather.我们期待着好的天气。 2. ability n. (3) 习语 (1) 作不可数名词，表示“能力;本领”，其后常接动词不定式。 fair dos 公平对待 fair price 公平价值 He shows considerable ability in (for) organization. 他很有组织能力。 by fair means or foul千方百计，不择手段 I do not doubt your ability to do the work.我不怀疑你有担任这项工作的能力。 fair play 公平比赛 fair dealing公平交易 (2) 作可数名词，表示“才能，技能” (4) 同义词:light, bright , just adj.白皙的;明亮的;公平的 He is a man of many abilities.他是一个有多方面才能的人。 反义词:unfair (3) 习语 6. potential to the best of one’s ability/ abilities尽最大努力 (1) n.[U]可能性;潜在性 leadership ability领导才干 a man of ability有才能的人 The new invention has enormous sales potential.这项新发明有巨大的销售潜力。 (4) 同义词:skill, talent, competence n.能力;才能;技能 She recognized the potential for error in the method being used. 反义词:disability n.无力;无能;无能力 她意识到在所采用的中可能出错。 注意:dis-前缀，与形容词、名词、动词结合，表否定、相反或相对。如:dishonest, disappear, (2) adj. 可能的，潜在的，有潜力的 disunion。 -ability后缀，表示可能性，如curability. a potential source of conflict 可能引起冲突的根源 He soon received promotion(提升), for his superiors realized that he was a man of a potential leader 可能成为领导者的人 considerable . a potential danger 潜在的危险 A. future B. ability C. possibility D. opportunity All 92 countries are customers or potential customers of the United States. 92个国家全都是美国的客户或潜在客户。 3. obstacle n. 障碍，妨碍物 obstacle race 障碍赛跑 (3) potentially adv obstacles on the race-course赛马跑道上设置的障碍物 She is potentially our best tennis player, but she needs to practise much harder. obstacles to world peace 世界和平的障碍 她有可能成为我们的最佳网球运动员，但她也需要进行更刻苦的锻炼。 Not being able to pass his maths exam proved an obstacle to his career.他数学考试不及格是他7. guidance 引导;领导;指导 前途上的一大障碍。 We would much appreciate guidance from an expert in this field. 1 我们很欢迎在这个领域的专家来指导。 Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries. 有两个人正在协助警方对他们的询问。 The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own businesses. (2) vi. 出席;参加 这个机构对开始经营自己生意的人提供切实有效的指导。 assist at/ in sth. 在某场合出席;参加„„ * be under sb.’s guidance在某人的指导下 I assisted at Joe’s birthday party and really enjoyed myself. guide n.&.v.向导;导游;指南;引导;指导 我参加了乔的生日聚会并且过得很愉快。 You need a guide to show you the city. 你需要一个向导带你游览这个城市。 The president will assist at the ceremony.主席将参加仪式。 a guide to Italy, to the British Museum, etc. assistance n. 帮助;援助 assistant n. 助手，助理;店员 意大利旅行指南、大英博物馆参观要览等 (3) assist/ help He guided us through the narrow streets to the railway station. assist帮助;援助;正式用语，受帮助者自己也出力。 他引导我们走过狭窄的街道去火车站。 Students assisted the professor in doing the experiment.学生们协助教授做实验。 help帮助;常用语;受帮助者可以出力，也可以不出力。 Be guided by your sense of what is right and just. 做事要有是非观念和正义感。 8. (1)gifted adj. 有天赋的;悟性高的，聪颖的 help sb. with sth./ help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 He is a gifted artist. 他是一位有天赋的艺术家。 He helped me when I was in trouble.我处于困境时他帮助了我。 There are many gifted children among them. 他们当中有很多聪慧的孩子。 10. cooperate The child is gifted at writing. (1) 作不及物动词，表示“合作;协助”， (2) gift n. 常用结构是cooperate with sb. in doing sth. 表示“与某人合作做某事” ? 礼物，赠品 to do sth. a gift of chocolates, flowers, etc. 巧克力，鲜花等礼物 I can’t do it alone. Let’s cooperate.我一个人做不了，咱们合作吧。 a gift to charity慈善捐赠 They refused to cooperate. 他们拒绝合作。 ?天赋，禀赋，才能 He cooperated with his family to finish the work. 他为完成那件工作而与家人合作。 have a gift/talent/ genius for sth./ doing sth. 有„„才能 (2)习语 I’ve always been able to learn languages easily; it’s a gift. cooperate in a movement 在运动中合作 我学习语言一向是轻而易举，这是天分。 cooperate in harmony 协调地合作 He has many outstanding gifts.他多才多艺。 cooperate towards that end 协力达到那个目标 The album of paintings in this museum is a from an old professor. cooperate with sb. in the work 在工作上与某人合作 A. gift B. present C. talent D. genius (3)同义词 collaborate vi.合作，协作 cooperative adj. cooperation n. He has for language, while his sister is a pianist. 11. recognition 不可数名词，表示“承认，接受;认识，识别”，常作主语或宾语 A. gift; gifted B. a gift; gifted Einstein gained international recognition in his theory of relativity. C. a present; present D. present; presented 爱因斯坦的相对论已得到国际的公认。 9. assist vt.&vi. recognize vt. 认出，承认= recognise (1) vt. 帮助;协助 recognizable adj. 可认出的，可识别的 recognizably adv.可识别地 assist sb. with sth./ assist sb. to do sth./ assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人干某事 beyond/ out of recognition难以认出 You will be required to assist Mr. Smith in preparing a report. 12. sympathy 你将要协助史密斯先生准备一份。 (1) 作不可数名词，表示“赞同”时，固定搭配为be in (out of ) sympathy with, 指“心里赞 2 同(不赞同)„„” (2) 还表示“多产的，丰饶的” I’m in sympathy with your proposal. 我赞同你的建议。 Poverty is productive of crime.贫困产生犯罪。 I’m out of sympathy with your plan. 我不赞同你的计划。 The changes were not productive of better labour relation. I have some sympathy for this view. 我有点同意这个观点。 这些改变并未能使劳资关系获得改善。 (2) 还可以表示“慰问” (3) 其副词形式是productively ;名词productivity生产力;多产 They sent me a letter of sympathy. 他们寄给我一封慰问信。 (4) 同义词:fertile adj. 反义词:sterile adj. 贫瘠的;不育的;无效果的 (3) 最常用的意思是“同情;同情心” 15. visual We all had sympathy for him.我们大家都同情他。 (1) 作形容词，表示“视觉的，视力的;看得见的”，没有比较级和最高级 (4) 习语: 形象 visual angle视角 a visual image视觉 feel sympathy for sb.同情某人 the visual arts视觉艺术 the visual nerve视神经 have (no) sympathy with sb. 对某人(不)表示同情 the visual organs 视觉器官 visual field视野，视界 in sympathy with同意;赞同 the visual focus of a lens透镜的光学焦点 (5) 同义词: compassion, mercy n. 同情;怜悯 (2) 同义词:visible, optical adj. 可见的，视觉的 13. encouragement (3) (派)visible adj.看得见的，有形的 invisible adj.看不见的，无形的 (1) encouragement 是不可数名词，它由动词encourage加名词后缀-ment后派生而来 vision n. 视力、视觉 visually adv.视觉地、看得见地 He owed his success to his wife’s encouragement. 他把他的成功归功于他妻子的鼓励。 visual aid 直观工具 visualize v.想象 (2) 习语: 16. impair deserve encouragement 应受鼓励 (1) vt. 损害，损伤，削弱，常用于被动语态 find great encouragement in his praise感到他的赞扬是极大的鼓励 When you’re tired, your judgement is impaired. 当你疲劳时，你的判断能力就会削弱。 receive no encouragement 没受到奖励 Loud noise can impair your hearing. (3) 同义词:stimulation n. 鼓励;激励 反义词:discouragement n. 劝阻;泄气 (2) 习语:impair one’s health损害健康 (4) encourage vt. 鼓励;激励 a man with impaired hearing听力受损的人 We encouraged our baseball team with loud cheers.我们大声欢呼来鼓励我们的棒球队。 (3) 同义词:harm, hurt vt.损害 (5) encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 17. motivate The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.老师鼓励我去国外学习。 (1) v. 作为(某人行为)的动机;使(某人)以某种方式行事 My success encouraged me to continue. 我的成功鼓励我坚持下去。 The murder was motivated by hatred.那凶杀案是由仇恨所引起的。 (6) encourage sb. in 鼓励/助长某人的„„ (2) v. 激发(某人)的兴趣;使欲做某事 All the family encouraged the boy in his efforts to become a doctor. a teacher who can motivate her pupils to work harder. 全家人都鼓励这个孩子努力成为医生。 善于诱导学生努力学习的教师。 Don’t encourage him in his idle ways.不可助长他懒惰成性。 (3) motivation n. 14. productive They lack the motivation to study. 他们缺乏学习的积极性。 (1) 是由动词produce “生产”派生而来作形容词，表示“生产的，有生产力的”，常用作18. adjust 表语或定语。 (1) 作及物动词，表示“调节，调整，校准” a productive society生产协会 productive land肥沃的土地 adjust color on a TV调整电视的色彩 3 adjust one’s tie in a mirror照镜子整理领带 反义词:defeat, failure n.失败 adjust a clock调准时钟 21.dignity (2) 作及物动词，表示“使„„适合于„„”，其后常接介词to，常用搭配adjust oneself to(1) 作不可数名词，表示“尊严;尊贵”，常作宾语或主语 表示“使自己适应(新环境等)” Only a truly free person has human dignity.只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严。 adjust a telescope to one’s eye 调节望远镜使之适合眼睛观看 (2) 还表示“庄严的举止，端庄的仪态” The body adjusts itself to changes of temperature. 身体会自行适应温度的变化。 She kept her dignity despite to booing.尽管嘘声四起，她仍旧泰然自若。 You must adjust yourself to new conditions.你必须使自己适应新的环境。 (3) 习语 (3) 作不及物动词，表示“适应”，其后常接介词to beneath one’s dignity有失身份 stand up on one’s dignity保持尊严 He soon adjusted to army life.他很快就适应了军队生活。 (4) 同义词:nobility n. 高贵 (4) 同义词:regulate, adapt vt. 调整，调节;适应 反义词:vulgarity n. 粗俗 adjustment n. adjustable adj. 22. shameful 反义词:disturb v.扰乱 (1) 是由名词shame加形容词后缀-ful派生而来，表示“可耻的，丢脸的;不体面的” 19. ceremony What a shameful conduct! 多么可耻的行为～ (1) 作可数名词，表示“典礼，仪式” a shameful lie大谎话 the ceremony of conferring graduation certificates毕业证书授予仪式 (2) 同义词:disgraceful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 (2) 作不可数名词，表示“礼节;礼貌”。 反义词:honourable adj. 荣誉的，光荣的，体面的 Help yourself without ceremony. 请随意吃/不必客气 . participate 参加;参与，常与in连用 23 Don’t stand on ceremony. 不必拘礼 Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions. (3) 习语: 希望全班同学参与这些讨论。 stand on/ upon ceremony讲究，客套，客气 Tom can’t participate in the match because he has hurt his foot. without ceremony不拘礼节地，随便地 汤姆不能参加比赛，因为他扭伤了脚。 perform the opening (closing) ceremony举行开幕(闭幕)式 另外，还作“分享，分担”讲，而take part in 无此意思。 (4) 同义词:celebration; manners n.庆典;礼貌 participate in one’s suffering分担某人的痛苦 20. victory participate in the profits 分离利润 (1) 表示“胜利，成功”，既可指具体的，又可表抽象意义上的胜利;因而有时用作可数名participate in sth.= take part in 参加某活动 词，有时用作不可数名词。 participate in 更正式 The battle was a victory for our army. 这一仗我们军队打胜了。 take part in 更口语化 It was a great victory. 这是一个大胜利。 participate in a competition/ discussion/ meeting参加比赛/讨论/会议 The captain led his team to victory. 队长带领全队取得了胜利。 注意:以上动词短语和happen, occur, come about等都为不及物动词(短语)不能用于被(2) 习语 动语态。 celebrate a victory 庆祝胜利 a major victory大捷 She actively participates in local politics. 她积极参与本地的政治活动。 a moral victory 精神上的胜利 How many countries will be participating in the 2008 Olympic Games? Perseverance means victory. 坚持就是胜利 有多少个国家要参加2008年奥运会, (3) 同义词:success n.成功 participant n. 参加者，参与者 4 They were active participants in the Olympic Games. If he conducts his business affairs in the careless way, he will never succeed. 他们是奥运会的积极参与者。 如果他马马虎虎地处理公事，他永远也不会成功。 24. facility Who is conducting the band this evening? 今晚谁指挥乐队, (1) 作名词，常用复数形式，表示“设备，设施;方便，便利” He conducts himself well.他行为端正。 educational/ public facilities 教育/公共设施 Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.铜的导电性能比其他材料好。 facilities of civilization 文明的设备 27. accessible易达到的，接近的，易取得的;随和的;容易理解的 facilities for communication/ research交通/研究设备 The island is accessible only by boat. (2) 也可以表示“才能，本领”，其后接介词in或for . A teacher should be accessible to his/her students. have facility in speaking / writing 有口才/写作才能 老师应该让学生感到平易近人。 have no facility for language 没有语言的才能 The information ought to be made more accessible. play the piano with facility 熟练地弹钢琴 资料应该明白易懂。 (3) 同义词:equipment n.设备 A telephone is put where it will be accessible.电话要放在容易拿到的地方。 25. survey be accessible to sb.某人容易得到、了解、亲近 (1)作及物动词，表示“眺望(景色等);纵览”，其后常接复合宾语(宾语通常是名词或 These documents are not accessible to the public. 这些文件是大众无法得到的。 代词，宾语补足语常是介词或介词短语) Our principal is accessible to the students.我们校长容易和学生亲近。 They surveyed the countryside from the top of the hill.他们从山顶俯瞰乡间。 access n.进入，通道 He surveyed me with an inquisitive look.他以好奇的眼光(从头到脚)仔细地打量我。 have/ gain access to 有„„机会/条件 (2)作及物动词，表示“鉴定;查勘” access与to 连用相当于汉语中的“„„的”，不可用of They have started to survey the country that a new motorway will pass through. Only high officials have access to the president. 只有高官才可见总统。 他们开始勘测新汽车道要通过的那块地段。 Students must have access to a good library. 学生应有使用好的图书馆的便利条件。 (3)作名词，表示“调查，概论;查看;纵观” do a survey做调查 a survey of the current situation当前形势概述 Holidays in the UK are becoming more popular, according to a recent survey. 根据目前的调查发现，在英国，假期越来越受人们的欢迎。 (4)作名词，表示“测量，实地勘察”。 The house is still under survey. 该幢房子还在鉴定之中。 make a survey of the land测量土地 (5)同义词:review n.调查 26. conduct 陪伴，引导，带领;进行，实施，处理;表示，为人;指挥(乐队);传导 A girl conducted the visitors around the museum. 一位姑娘领着游客在博物馆中参观。 Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel? 你喜欢有向导的游览还是单独旅游, 5 6