河南农业大学高级英语2005-2006第二学期A卷

河南农业大学高级英语2005-2006第二学期A卷 河南农业大学2005,2006学年第二学期 《高级英语》期末试(A卷) (Grade 2003, July 2006) III IV 题 号 总分 I II V 分 数 评卷人 I. Reading Comprehension (30 points 1×2) In this section, there are 3 passages followed by 15 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. Passage A The most effective attacks against globalization are usually not those related to economics. Instead, they are social, ethical and, above all, cultural. These arguments surfaced amid the protests in Seattle in 1999 and more recently in Davos, Bangkok and Prague. They say this: the disappearance of national borders and the establishment of a world interconnected by markets will deal a death blow to regional and national cultures, and to the traditions, customs, myths and morals that determine each country's or region's cultural identity. Since most of the world is incapable of resisting the invasion of cultural products from developed countries that inevitably trails the great transnational corporations, North American culture will ultimately impose itself, standardizing the world and annihilating its richness of diverse cultures. In this manner, all other peoples, and not just the small and weak ones, will lose their identity, their soul will become no more than 21st-century colonies modeled after the cultural norms of a new imperialism that, in addition to ruling over the planet with its capital, military might and scientific knowledge, will impose on others its language and its ways of thinking, believing, enjoying and dreaming. Even though I believe this cultural argument against globalization is unacceptable, we should recognize that deep within it lies an unquestionable truth. This century, the world in which we will live will be less picturesque and filled with less local color than the one we left behind. The festivals, attire, customs, ceremonies, rites and beliefs that in the past gave humanity its culturally and racially variety are progressively disappearing or confining themselves to minority sectors, while the bulk of society abandons them and adopts others more suited to the reality of our time. 院系 班级 姓名 学号 All countries of the earth experience this process, some more quickly than others, but it is not due to globalization. Rather, it is due to modernization, of which the former is effect, not cause. It is possible to …………………………………………密……………………封………………………线……………………………………… lament, certainly, that this process occurs, and to feel nostalgia for the past ways of life that, particularly from our comfortable vantage point of the present, seem full of amusement, originality and color. But this process is unavoidable. In theory, perhaps, a country could keep this identity, but only if-like certain remote tribes in Africa or the Amazon-it decides to live in total isolation, cutting off all exchange with other nations and practicing self- sufficiency. A cultural identity preserved in this form would take that 1 society black to prehistoric standards of living. It is true that modernization makes many forms of traditional life disappear. But at the same time, it opens opportunities and constitutes an important step forward for a society as a whole. That is why, when given the option to choose freely, peoples, sometimes counter to what their leaders or intellectual traditionalists would like, opt for modernization without the slightest ambiguity. 1. Which of the following is the argument against globalization? A. The world will become a globalized economic entity. B. Cultural identities in some countries will be compromised. C .Transnational corporations will take advantage of the poor countries. D .Poor countries will be dominated by the powerful ones. 2. According to the author, _______________________ . A. globalization will enrich cultural diversity B. countries should strive to reserve their unique customs and practices C. modernization will succeed in some countries but not in others D. the world will be culturally less diversified because of globalization 3. The author would agree with which of the following statements? A.A country should try to retain its cultural identity in its modernization drive. B. Cultural identity may work against the aspiration for modernization. C. People should understand what may contribute to modernization. D. It's impossible for a country to modernize and keep its cultural identity intact. 4. The author’s main purpose is to__________________. A. discuss globalization and cultural identity B. refute the cultural argument against globalization C .explain why modernization is inevitable D. discuss the consequences of globalization 5. The author mentions the remote tribes in Africa and the Amazon to illustrate A. the resistance that people put up against globalization B. the marginalization brought forth by globalization C. the importance of self-reliance and self-sufficiency D. the insurmountable difficulty of retaining cultural identity Passage B What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it is and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be, for that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics (史诗) informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial(反社会的), narcissistic (自恋) personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is 2 this type of personality that prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian (极权主义的) societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision-about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to fight off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness--in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values. 6. In the author's view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the A .lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life B. non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take C. general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be D. public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms 7. Homer's epics mentioned intend to exemplify the fact that A. the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily B .the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable C. the past can help to shape a consensus in the present D. the past determines social moralities for later generations 8. The asocial personality of Americans results from A .the multiracial composition of the US society B .the absence of a common religion and ancestry C .the want of shared myths they possess in life D .the obstruction of achieving a general agreement 9. It can be inferred from the text that Christopher Lasch is most probably A. an earnest nationalist B. an advanced psychologist C. a radical reformer D. a social historian 10. The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans to A. bring about the uniformity of their culture B. diminish their great individual differences C .avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious D. regain the feelings of social values and morale Passage C The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem. 3 As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs. For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age. Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation. they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer. At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs. Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare. Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living. 11.. The author's main purpose to write this article is_____________________ . A. to define what the poverty line is B .to explain why some people live below the poverty line C. to find solutions to the problem of poverty D. to show sympathy for those poor people 12. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life. B. Poor people are those who live below the poverty line. C. The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises. D. The poverty line tends to be at the same level. 13. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because_________ . A .they do not have enough motivation B. they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work C. they fail to get enough education D. they are very poor in health 14. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because__________ . A. they do not have any motivation to work B. they are not very self-confident C .they are too young or too old to work D. they have physical and family problems 15. We may conclude from the passage that__________ . 4 A .better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found B. welfare will enable people to be rich C. poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do business D. employment is the best solution to the poverty problem II. Vocabulary & Structure (15 points 1×0.5) Direction: In this part, there are 20 sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. In a free society, there must be argument, and it must be impassioned and . A. limited B. intrammeled C. restrained D. untrammeled 2. In a public school, children are taught to their emotions. A. bottle up B. held up C. battle up D. baffle up 3. The mayor her taxes since the death of her father. A. reduce B. permitted C. remitted D. omitted 4. We have great corporate bureaucracies corporate bureaucrats. A. repleted with B. replete with C. replenished with D. replaced with 5. The ecosphere is an network, in which each component part is linked to many others. A. essential B. enlarged C. elaborate D. exclusive 6. Two pregnant women can share one set of maternity clothes if their pregnancies . A. coincide B. ducktail C. dovetail D. dutchtail 7. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of those problems which divide us. A. belaboring B. laboring C. belaying D. believing 8. High up on the mountain, the air is . A. densified B. intensified C. rarefying D. rarefied 9. Fine as the word sounds, truth is all too often , awkward, unorthodox. A. unparalleled B. unpardoned C. unpardonable D. unpalatable 10. As time went by, the silverware grew . A. glistening B. glimmered C. tarnished D. rusty 11. Naughty boys usually enjoy bullying girls and they like to those timid girls. A. pick up B. pick on C. take up D. pick out 12. Jefferson once remarked that one generation could not the next its view of public policy or human destiny. A. commit…. to B. fix…..to C. connect….with D. bind….by 13. Many people still considered it for a woman to leave husband and house in order to search for her identity in society. A. understandable B. fashionable C. conventional D. newfangled 14. The ecosystem is consistent with itself; its numerous components are with each other and with the whole. A. compatible B. competitive C. complacent D. hostile 15. Both of them became more and more as the debate grew more and more heated. A. strong B. mild C. strident D. stubborn 5 16. If we trace the universe back to its origins in the Big Bang, we find the multiplicity of things greater and greater simplicity, until at the moment of creation itself there is only pure undifferentiated energy. A. fussing into B. infusing into C. melting into D. fusing into 17. Let both sides seek to the wonder of science instead of its terrors. A. invoke B. involve C. provoke D. trigger 18. Brown girls engaged in a life-long battle against , i.e the natural expression of human emotions. A. frankness B. funniness C. funkiness D. frustration 19. Pragmatism is not wholly abstractions. A. avoid of B. avoid from C. devoid from D. devoid of 20. Many immigrants move toward the west to on the frontier. A. stake a claim B. take a claim C. occupy a land D. stoke a claim III. Explain the following sentences in your own words ( 20 points 1x2) 1. In Britain, intrusions into the private lives of public figures have promoted calls from certain quarters for the protection of privacy laws.(How News Becomes Opinion and Opinion Off-limits Lesson 12 Book 5) 2. Poverty being caused in bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration. (Lesson 1 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience ) 3. Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to be let off from our hours of school indoors, sessions which our mother kept every day, rain or shine. ( Lesson 2 The Woods Were Tossing with Jewels) 4. Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative. ( Lesson 3 At war with the planet) 5. She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? –about my new life. ( Lesson 4 Nettles ) 6. We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man’s talents and release his energy. (Lesson 5 One Against Many) 7. Man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life (Lesson 7 Inaugural Address) 8. True love in this differs from gold and clay, That to divide is not to take away. ( Lesson 10 Notes on the English Character) 9. That grain runs through our own depths. What we find beautiful accords with our most profound sense of how things ought to be. (Lesson 11 Beauty) 10. You can do science without believing in a divine Legislator, but not without believing in laws of nature. (Lesson 11 Beauty) IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese ( 20 points 1x2) 1. And of course the broadcast news is highly selective, and newspapers provide far greater breadth and depth of coverage. (How News Becomes Opinion and Opinion Off-limits Lesson 12 Book 5) 2. The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of bureaucrat—again excluding those concerned with national defense. (Lesson 1 How to Get the Poor off Our Conscience ) 3. Underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held the thick sprays of wild orchard. ( Lesson 2 The Woods Were Tossing with Jewels) 4. Solar radiation— largely visible and ultraviolet light—is a vast stream of energy that bathes the Earth’s surface, fluctuating from day to night and season to season. ( Lesson 3 At war with the planet) 6 5. My sleep was shallow, my dreams monotonously lustful, with irritating and unpleasant subplots. ( Lesson 4 Nettles ) 6. The belief that investment in people is the most essential way for a society to devote its resources existed from the earliest days of the American colonies. (Lesson 5 One Against Many) 7. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us good or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty. (Lesson 7 Inaugural Address) 8. She vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell. (Lesson 8 A Rose for Emily) 9.Since literature always rests upon national character, there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fire we see.. The warm sympathy, the romance, the imagination must exist in the nation as a whole, or we could not have this outburst of national song. ( Lesson 10 Notes on the English Character) 10. A universe so prodigal of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation. (Lesson 11 Beauty) V. Writing (20 points) Directions: You are asked to write a short essay on Trying to Renew Knowledge. You are given the outline below. Your essay should be about 200 words. 1. reasons for renewing knowledge 2. methods of renewing knowledge 3. your comments 7 2005—2006学年第二学期高级英语试卷A答案及评分 一(答案 I(Reading comprehension ( 30points 1x 2) 1—5 BDDBD 6—10 BCADC 11—15 CDBCA II. Vocabulary and Structure (10points 1x0.5) 1—5 D A C B C 6—10 C A. D D C 11—15 B A D A C 16—20 D A C D A III. Explain the following sentences in your own words (20 points 1×2) 1. In Britain, as a result of exposure of private lives of famous people, certain groups of influential people have demanded the adoption of laws protecting privacy. 2. Poverty was caused by overproduction of children, so the rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty , they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem. 3. Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother ‘s sessions indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like. 4. If the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion, they will remain the same with very little change 5. She did not ask me about my new life, either out of a subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life style. 6. Democracy is the best way to develop man’s talents and exert his energy to the full. 7. People live in a short period of time, but with mortal hands, they can do good things as well as bad things. Technology in human hand can abolish poverty, but it can also destroy the whole world 8. In this respect, true love is different from material things such as clay or gold which can be divided and taken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish. 9. The essential quality has become a part of our innermost selves. We find the things beautiful because they fit in with our idea of how things should be. That is to say, when an objective thing meets our subjective desire, then we call it beautiful. 10. As scientist, you can carry on your study of nature without believing there is a Creator, a God who started everything, but you have to admit that the universe is governed by a set of rules. IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20 points 1×2) 1. 当然啰，广播新闻是经过精心挑选的，而报纸则提供更有广度和深度的报道。 2. 对政府无能的谴责， 在我们这个时代，是与对官僚的笼统谴责联系在一起的―― 与国防有关的人士又不在此列。 3. 水下的水草就像绿色的丝带，不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇簇地挂满了枝头。 4. 太阳能――主要是可见光和紫外线――是沐浴大地层的源源不断、用之不竭的能 量。它会随日夜和季节的变化而波动。 5. 我睡得很浅，没完没了地做着充满情欲的梦，中间还穿插着令人不快的细节。 6. 在民众身上投资是社会资源分配的最基本方式，这种信念在美国殖民地最早期就存在。 7. 让每个国家都知道--不论它希望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落--为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利， 我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。 8. 她彻底击败了他们，把他们打得人仰马翻，正如三十年前在气味问题上她击败了他们的父辈一 8 样。 9. 既然文学依赖于民族性格，那么在英国特性中肯定隐藏着激情燃烧的源泉，才会产生我们见到 的火一般的文学作品。同情，浪漫，丰富的想象力等品质肯定存在于英国民族整体中，否则， 我们不会有如此热情奔放的英国诗歌。 10. 一个流芳溢美的大千世界， 兴许真要我们对它处处留意并做出回应， 需要我们用敏锐的双 眼、 充沛的情感、博大的心怀， 去沟通人类与大自然的交流和循环， 使之周而复始、生生不 息。 V Writing (20points) Trying to Renew Knowledge With the arrival of the 21st century, knowledge economy age is rapidly approaching, in which new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before. What’s more important, knowledge plays a decisive role in the whole economy. That is why every member of the modern society finds it urgent to renew his knowledge. Otherwise he won’t be able to keep up with the swift development of the new age. What are the ways to update knowledge? On the one hand, one can attend various courses at all types of schools, either part-time or full-time. On the other hand, however, one can also insist on self-study. It is, in a sense, a more convenient and practical method by which one can effectively renew his knowledge. As is well known, the fast development of modern communications devices makes it much easier to receive further education. So far as I am concerned, I have mainly relied on self-study method in the recent years. I am a professional graduate on duty, so I really can’t afford the time spent at school. To meet the urgent needs of my work, I began to learn computer-operating skills and foreign trade chiefly through watching TV educational programs. So far, so good, the newly-acquired knowledge and skills indeed help me a lot, greatly facilitating my practical work. Never before have I been so determined to persist in my study in this way in order to further renew my knowledge. 二(评分标准 阅读理解每小题2分，共15个问题，共30分，划错不给分。 a) 词汇与结构部分20个题，每题0.5分，满分10分。 b) 解释句子每题2分，共10个句子。要求:解释正确，句子通顺，没有语法错 误。语法错误和拼写错误扣0.5分。 c) 翻译句子，共10个句子，每题1.5分。要求:翻译正确，句子通顺。 d) 写作要求:从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。文章要切题，内容表 达充分，语言清晰，思想表达清楚。语言连贯，没有语法错误。作文满分为2 0分。 阅卷标准共分五等:5分、8分、10分、15分及20分。 5分:不切题。条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。 8分:基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重 错误。 10分:基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其 中有一些是严重错误。 15分:切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 20分:表达思想清楚。文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 9