大学英语第一册第一课

UNIT 1 Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on... How to Improve Y our Study Habits Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. Y ou do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. Y ou can receive better grades if you want to. Y es, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how: 1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed(指定的时间)time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play. Plan your time carefully: topic sentence Supporting sentences 展开句 Fill in/out :write in; complete sth by putting whatever is needed Listen carefully and fill in the numbers you’ve heard from the tape. decide on: choose from two or more possibilities or make a decision about I’ve decided on leaving for New Y ork the day after tomorrow. Be sure (to do sth): not fail (to do sth) Be sure to leave adequate time for play. Be sure to write to us as soon as you get there. Be sure not to be late again. set aside:keep or save for special use or purpose Why don’t you set aside some money so that you can use it when you’re in need? as well: also , too This book tells Lu Hsun’s writings, and his life as well. With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. Be/ become aware of: know sth; know(what is happening) Are you aware of the importance of learning a foreign language? 2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject. concentrate on/ upon : give all one’s attention or efforts, etc. to I can’t concentrate on my studies, for I’m homesick.思乡 Airsick晕飞机 seasick 晕船 3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well. Look over: examine; inspect I looked hurriedly over the apples in the basket and took one that looked good. They looked over several kinds of new bikes before making up their minds to buy. My sister is busy looking over her mail. 4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says. 1 Make good use of:好好利用 Take notes:记笔记 5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on test. Go over:read again; review; examine 再读一遍,复习,检查 After you finish the test paper, go over it again to look for mistakes. We often went over our lessons together at night. Our teacher is busy going over examination papers. as well as= and 还 lead to: have as a result ; cause 导致 hard work leads to success. The wording is too vague; it is likely to lead to ambiguity. This kind of academic research will not lead to any practical result, I am afraid. 6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively(过分的)about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make yo ur knowledge permanent. There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. Y ou will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades. Share with :use or have with others I share the office with two other teachers. Share the candy with your sister. May I share your umbrella (with you)? NEW WORDS average['?v?rid?]n. ordinary 普通的;中等的 adj.1)of the usual or ordinary kind or standard; ordinary There was nothing special about it; it was only average. Nothing everything something adj 放在后边 Although he is an average student at present, he can be a better one if he has better learning techniques. The average family spends$50 a week on food. Spend time/money on sth Spend time /money (in) doing sth 2)平均的 The average age of the students in the class is 19. v.1)find the average of sth I have done some averaging to reach these figures. 2)平均值为 We average 8 hour’s work a day. The rainfall averages 800 mm a year.降水量 n.平均数 intelligence [in'telid??ns]n. ability to learn and understand 智力 intelligence quotient=IQ intelligent adj聪明的 necessarily ['nesis?rili]ad. inevitably 必定 War necessarily causes unhappiness. Big men are not necessarily strong.未必 Tourism is an industry that has a necessarily close connection with governments.旅游业 case[keis] n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情 If you say something is the case, you mean that it is true or correct.事情的确如此 He said he had cleaned the floor, and it was really the case.事情果真如此 “Is it true that he has lost all hi money?”“No, that’s not the case.”不是这样的 If it is the case, ….如果事情果真如此 additional [?'di??n?l] a. added 附加的,额外的n. addition add v. 加 add A to B add happiness to life为生活增加快乐 extra pay for extra work 多劳多得 weekly['wi:kli] a. done or happening every week 每周的;一周一次的 friendly 友好的brotherly 兄弟般的weekly 每周的monthly 每月的 yearly/ annual 一年一次daily 一天的,每日一次的 schedule ['?edju:l]n. timetable 时间 train schedule 火车时刻表 a bus schedule 汽车时刻表 flight schedule 航班时刻表 fly a tight schedule 时间比较紧,时间安排比较紧 chart[t?ɑ:t]n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图(表) table a pie chart a bar chart commit[k?'mit] vt. 指定...用于 We’re committing money to the task of turning the sun into energy. aside[?'said]ad. to the side在旁边;到(向)一边 put sth aside 把什么东西放一边 etc [et'set?r?] (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等 e.g.= for example 举例子 i.e.= that is 也就是 normal ['n?:m?l] a. usual正常的 normal temperature 正常的体温 abnormal 不正常的 abnormality n.畸形 reading ['ri:di?]n. the act or practice of reading阅读 intensive reading 精读 extensive reading 泛读 assignment [?'sainm?nt] n. sth. given out as a task(布置的)作业 assign v.分配,任命 occupy ['?kjupai]n. take up占用 Though a student’s main task is to study, studying should not occupy all his time. Playing football occupies him one hour a day. Soccer 美式英语足球 At the pub, his usual corner seat was occupied. They were occupying themselves in growing their own vegetables.他们忙着种蔬菜。This table occupies too much space/ room. 这个桌子太占地方. I was fully occupied. 我特别忙 It was occupied. (厕所)有人 Try to relax yourself. Take it easy. relaxation[ri:l?k'sei??n]n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement休息,娱乐relax [ri'l?ks]v. hobby ['h?bi]n. what one likes to do in one's free time业余爱好 habit 习惯 entertainment[?ent?'teinm?nt]n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娱乐amuse sb amusement park 游乐场 entertain [?ent?'tein]vt.招待,宽带 solve[s?lv]vt. find an answer to (a problem)解决(问) This physics problem is too difficult for me to solve. Do you think he can find another way to solve the difficulty? Solution n. the solution to a problem the key to the lock the answer to a question 一个问题的 aware [?'we?]a. having knowledge or understanding知道的;意识到的 I wasn’t aware that they were in trouble. Be aware of sth Be aware that I was not aware of his presence.我当时不知道他在场 Unaware 不知道,没有意识到 furthermore [?f?:e?'m?:]ad. moreover; in addition而且;此外 far----farther, further比较级 additionally=in addition= besides= what’s more= moreover He is not intelligent, and furthermore, he is not diligent.勤奋 The shirt is expensive, and furthermore, it is not of good quality. It’s getting dark. Furthermore, it’s going to rain. enable [i'neib?l]vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使(某人)能(做某事) encourage 鼓励 enlarge 变大 weaken 虚弱 widen 加宽 EMS enables letters to be delivered more quickly. Express Mail Service 特快专递 Express train 特快列车 Expressway 高速公路 Highway 公路 Superhighway 高速公路= motorway = freeway Y our help will enable them to go back to school. activity [?k'tiviti]n. sth. (to be) done 活动 active adj 积极地 take part in the activity take an active part in the activity 积极参加活动 social activities 社会活动 adequate ['?dikwit]a. as much as one needs; enough充分的;足够的 1)足够的 The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求 None of his workers received adequate safety training. 2)恰当的 What she said was a solution adequate to the problem. How do you feel when you could n’t think of an adequate answer to your son’s question? distraction[di'str?k??n]n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心(或分散注意力)的事 物 attract v.吸引 attraction n. 吸引 disatract v. 分心 concentrate (on or upon)['k?ns?ntreit] vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注(于) Thousands of people concentrated in the city square. The population of India is concentrated in large cities. Concentrate on your driving! 小心开车 skim [skim] vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略读 preview [pri:'vju:]vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand预习 view 看 review 复习 content['k?ntent] n. what is written in a book, etc.内容 organize['k?ntent]vt. form into a whole组织 organ n. 器官 organs of speech 发音器官 -ize 动词后缀 Realize 实现 Center 中央Central adj 中央的Centralize v. 集中起来 Popular adj 流星的,普遍的 Pop star 明星 Pop song 流行歌曲 Popularize v. 普及,推广 Modern 现代的Modernize v. 现代化Modernization n. The hostess is known for organizing dancing parties. Actor/ actress Waiter/ waitress Host/ hostess Students are organized to take part in community services.社区服务 Allow me a minute to organize my thoughts.请给我一分钟时间整理我的思路。 later['leit?]ad. 后来;以后 I’m busy now. I’ll speak to you later. She said she would go with me , but I don’t know why she changed her mind later. We heard later that he had gone back to Japan. Adj (用于名词前) 后来的 In a later speech, Reagan admitted he had been wrong. skip[skip] vt. pass over略过 portion ['p?:??n] n. part; share一部分;一份 double['d?b?l]v. make or become twice as great or as many(使)增加一倍 The price of eggs has doubled in past few weeks. How did you double the profits of this factory in so short a time? Adj The profit of this factory is double what it was a year ago. That person of double chins reserved a double room at our hotel.双下巴 comprehension[?k?mpri'hen??n]n. the act of understanding or ability to understand理解(力) comprehend = understand v. Listening comprehension Reading comprehension mention['men??n]vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words提及 My father has mentioned her name several times, but I have never seen her. I mentioned the idea to Joan, and she seemed to like it. He mentioned to me that he was going to Beijing during the vacation. n. talking / speaking of sth briefly Did she make any mention of having lost her job? Did she mention that she had lost her job? What I have mentioned above/ in the last paragraph….我上面所提到的、最后一段confused a. mixed up in one's mind迷惑的,混淆的 vt mix up in one’s mind Y ou must be confusing me with someone else. I often confuse her with her sister because they look very much alike. Adj I am still confused although you’ve explained it three times. There are many crossroads in this city and drivers often get confused. Every time someone explains the Internet to me, I get even more confused. Confused/confusing 感到,令人 Surprised/ surprising Interested/ interesting I am interested in the interesting story. Adj making sb feel confused I found some of the questions really confusing. confuse[k?n'fju:z] vt. textbook['tekstbuk] n. a standard book for the study of a subject教科;课本performance[p?'f?:m?ns]n. achievement成绩 1)Jane’s performance in the exams was disappointing. Our football team’s performances has been excellent during the whole year. 2)表演,演出 His performance in the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream was very good. 3)执行 She was successful in the performance of her duty. performance of the car 车的性能 meaningful['mi:ni?f?l] a. having important meaning or value富有意义的 ful= full of careful 谨慎的,小心的 hopeful 充满希望 -less = without Meaningless Careless粗心大意的 Hopeless 绝望的 Lead/live a …life Full/ an empty attitude ['?titju:d]n. what one thinks about sth.态度,看法 1)观点,态度 My cousin held a different attitude to my suggestion.持有 We should develop a good attitude about/ towards tests. 培养 They are adopting our attitude to life.采纳,接受 purpose['p?:p?s]n. aim目的,意图 I went down the street with no purpose before me. 我漫无目的的在街上走。 The purpose of his visit was to set up a peaceful relationship between the two countries.他此行的目的The buildings are now used as a prison, but they were not built for that purpose. On purpose 故意的 Is it possible that he broke the window on purpose? He went there on purpose, to see what had happened.他特意跑过去目的是看看发生了什么事。 excessively [ik'sesivli]ad. too much过多地,过分地 excessive [ik'sesiv] a. =too much excessive drinking 过度饮酒 excessive care 过度的关心 permanent ['p?:m?n?nt] a. lasting for a long time; never changing持久的;永久的 temporary暂时的 technique[tek'ni:k] n. way of doing sth.技巧,方法 = method, skill Science and technology 科技 Harbin Institute of Technology = HIT 哈尔滨工业大学 helpful ['helpf?l] a. useful; providing help or wiling to help有益的;给予帮助的,肯帮忙的She gave us some helpful advice about renting an apartment. I hope the dictionary will be helpful to you. He’s always helpful when I’m busy. 我忙的时候他总来帮忙 The average students Straight A student 全优学生 Make a shopping list Fill in /out a form/ table Be sure not to do sth PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS fill in write in填写,填充 decide on make a choice or decision about选定,决定 set aside save for a special purpose留出 as well also; too; in addition也,还;同样 be aware (of)know (sth.); know (what is happening)知道,意识到 concentrate on direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to全神贯注于 look over examine (quickly)把...看一遍,过目 go over review 复习 lead to result in 导致