非谓语动词教案

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT1第九章非谓语动词第一、二、三课时学情分析非谓语动词在英语学习当中占了很大的比例，而学生时常不能很好地处理该部分知识点，经常分不清是什么是谓语，什么是非谓语，更搞不清楚什么时候该用谓语，什么时候该用非谓语；其中过去分词和现在分词的用法尤为混乱，不能很好地判断何种情况该用现分，何种情况该用过分；非谓语动词的相关练习做得不够多，综合运用能力较低。教学目标知识与技能了解非谓语的种类及构成；学习各种非谓语动词的主要用法；能够在语篇中正确完成非谓语动词的相关练习。2.过程与举例法演示法类比法图解法3.情感态度与价值观培养学生的语言达；让学生体会语言的灵活多变。教学重、难点非谓语动词的种类及其用法；语篇中非谓语动词的正确使用；渗透法制教育教学过程Beforeclass:(先学任务)写出你所知道的非谓语动词的结构。基本类型：1.todo2.v-ing4.v-ed二、用所给动词的适当的非谓语形式填空。1.Havingatripabroadisgoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.　tobeseen2.Lifeisajourney________(fill)withhardships,joysandspecialmoments.答案　filled3.Nowadayspeopleseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit________(reuse)．答案　tobereused4.________(try)outdifferentideas,wearenowgettingclosertotheanswer.答案　Havingtried5.Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch________(repair)．答案　repairedDuringclass:Step1:warmingup&leadin1.Checkstudents’assignmentandintroducewhattheywilllearninthisclass.2.ShowthesentencesandpicturesonthePPT.1)Toseeistobelieve.2)Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.3)Themansatunderthemoonlight,missinghishometown.4)Seeingisbelieving.3.非谓语动词的种类和基本用法。形式对比项目动词不定式(todo)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)意义相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、宾补、定语、状语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式tododoingdoingdone被动式tobedonebeingdonebeingdone主动完成式tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone被动完成式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加notStep2:动词不定式用法主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing无完成进行式tohavebeendoing无一、不定式的语法意义：不定式一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者发生在它的后面；Iheardhersing.(唱和听见同时发生)IexpecttocomebacknextSunday.(“回来”发生在“预计”之后)不定式完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；Hepretendedtohavereviewedhislessons.Iamgladtohavemetyoubefore.不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；Sheseemstobewaitingforsomebody.Whenhecametoseeme,Ihappenedtobetakingabath.不定式完成进行式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行；Sheissaidtohavebeenwaitinganovelthisyear.Sheseemedtohavebeenworkingonadifficultmathsproblem.主动语态：一般表示主动的意义，但有时也可以表示被动意义；TheybegantolearnJapaneselastwinter.Somestarsaretoofartosee.(=tobeseen)被动语态：表示被动的意义；Thecompositioncontestistobeheldnextmonth.Sheisanxioustobeinvitedtotheball.不定式的句法功能：作主语：一般表示具体的某次动作。1)不定式作主语时，谓语用单数：Todosuchthingsisfoolish.2)主系表结构：Toseeistobelieve.3)当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：(1)Itis/was+adj.+(ofsb.)todo…（如good/kind/nice/clever/foolish/selfish…）(2)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todo…（如easy/difficult/hard//unwise/possible/necessary…）(3)Itis+a/an+名词+todo...（如apity/ashame/apleasure/one’sduty/anhonor…）(4)Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…(5)Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…2.作表语：常表示将来的动作或状态。Herwishistobecomealawyer.3.作宾语：ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语。注意:1.某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同stop/goon/remember/forget/regret/try/mean….2.某些及物动词think,believe,consider,feel,find,make等后常用it作形式宾语。4．作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。XiaoLiisaverynicepersontoworkwith.Hewantsyoutobehisassistant.Thepenisverynicetowrite.(用主动表被动)作状语：表示目的、结果、原因和情况，不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语；Tomakealiving,hehadtoworkfrommorningtotillnight.(目的)6.作宾语补足语：宾语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在表示知觉的动词和使役动词后，不用to，在动词help后to可用可不用。这些动词有see,hear,feel,watch,notice;have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。Heaskedmetohelphim.Sheusuallyhelpedhermother(to)washclothesonSundays.7.同位语:Isthisyourpurpose,toavoidbeingpunished?8.独立成分:Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikeyou.类似的有：tobefrank坦率地说，tocutalongstoryshort长话短说，等等。不定式的其他用法“疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式可以和who,whom,whose,what,which,when,how,where,whether等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词作用，可作主语，宾语，表语等成分。Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.(主语)Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.（宾语）“形容词+不定式”结构，部分形容词可后接不定式，与句子主语在逻辑上构成主谓关系，这类形容词多是表示思想感情的，如，eager,sure,glad,lucky等。Iamgladtohearthenews.Sheissorrytohavemissedtheshow.3.不定式的省略：1）表示感觉的动词（see,watch,listento,lookat等）后作宾语补足语时，to可省略；2）使役动词make,let,have后；3）help后可省，可保留，被动语态要保留to;4）两个不定式并列时，保留第一个，其余省略；5）hadbetter,wouldrather…than,cannotbut,donothingbut等后可省略to.当堂导练一：用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。It’sanhonourforme__________(ask)todeliveraspeechatthemeeting.Wefoundthem___________(work)hardallthetime.Idon’tlikemyself_________(praise)likethat.Shewasglad__________(give)achancetovisitthisbeautifulcity.Iamsorry_______(keep)youwaitingsolong.Thispoemissaid________(translate)intoEnglishalready.Aftergraduationheasked________(send)toworkinthecountryside.Thecomputerisdifficult_________(control).Shehasaslightheadachenow.Sheseems_________(catch)acold.Iamgoingtohavetheorphan_____________(live)withmesoon.Theydidnothingbut_______(play)bridgethewholeday.Wefailed_______(get)him________(come)totheparty.WhatI’dlike________(do)firstis_______(read)today’snewspaper.Whois______(blame)?Thedogought________(feed)hoursago.Whathewantsis_________(notinterrupt)whileheisspeaking.Thebooksarenotallowed_________(take)outoftheroom.Hepreferredtodieratherthan_________(give)in.References:1.tobeasked2.tobeworking3.tobepraised4.tohavebeengiven5.tohavekept6.tohavebeentranslated7.tobesent8.tocontrol9.tohavecaught10.live11.play12.toget,tocome13,todo,(to)read14.toblame15.tohavebeenfed16.nottobeinterrupted17.tobetaken18.giveStep3:分词的用法分词的语法意义语法意义分词是一种非谓语动词，有现在分词和过去分词两种基本形式v-ing;v-ed(不规则动词形式有另外规定)；否定：not+分词构成特征具有副词，形容词的特征，具有动词的部分特征，可以有宾语或状语，构成分词短语分词的形式类型时态语态动词性质及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式buildingbeingbuiltfalling完成式havingbuilthavingbeenbuilthavingfallen过去分词一般式—fallen分词的句法功能作表语：相当于形容词，表示性质或状态（不同于进行时和被动语态中的分词，其中的分词是谓语的一部分，表示具体的动作）Theinventionisencouraging.(Themachineisworking.)Sheisunmarried.(Thewindowwasbroken.)作定语：单个分词通常作前置定语，有时也可放在后面；分词短语作后置定语，其作用相当于定语从句Shetoldusanexcitingstory.HisspokenEnglishisverygood.ThesearethecolorTVsetsmadeinShanghai.作状语：表示时间、原因，条件、结果、伴随情况与方式等，有时分词前可用when,while等连词，分词作状语的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。Hearingthenews,shejumpedwithjoy.(时间)Whileworkinginthecountryside,welearnedalotfromthepeasants.（时间）Notknowinghowtogetthere,hehadtogobytaxi.（原因）Ifworkingwithoutplayingalldaylong,youwillbecomeadullboy.(条件)Theteacherwalkedintotheoffice,followedbyafewstudents.(伴随或方式)作补足语：可作主语补足语，也可作宾语补足语，补充主语或宾语的行为或状态。Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ifoundhishometownmuchchanged.Thefiremustbekeptburning.Thenextmorningtheoldmanwasfoundburiedinthesnow.with+名词或代词（宾格）+分词：表示伴随和方式，分词也可用不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等代替。Heranintotheclinicwithbloodstreamingfromhisnose.Helefttheroomwiththedoorclosed.Iusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen.当堂导练二：用括号内所给动词的适当分词形式填空。WhenHiltercametopowerinGermany,Einsteinfoundthedoorsofstudy______(close)tohim.Housesnearairportssometimeshavetheirwindows__________(break)bythenoiseofjetplanes________(pass)overhead.Theoldmanisan_______(advance)workerinthisfactory.___________(catch)intherain,shefellill.Thegirl__________(bringup)byheruncleisstudyingchemistryinauniversity.IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIheardmyname___________(call).Inordertomakeherself_________(understand),shespokeslowlyandclearly.Shefailedinthefinalexamination.Shewasvery__________(disappoint)atit.While_________(see)thefilm,shewas__________(move)totears.____________(live)inLondonforfiveyears,hespeaksEnglishveryfluently.____________(notknow)whichroadtotake,hestoppedtolookatthemap.____________(see)fromadistance,themountainlookedlikeanelephant.Although___________(work)hard,hefailedintheexam.____________(bring)upinthecity,shedidn’tknowmuchaboutfarmwork.Thewarlastedafewyears,__________(kill)alotofpeople.References：1.closed2.broken,passing3.advanced4.Caught5.broughtup6.called7.understood8.disappointed9.seeing,moved10.Havinglived11.Notknowing12.Seen13.working14.Havingbeenbought15.killingStep4:动名词的用法一．动名词的语法意义语法意义动名词是一种非谓语动词基本形式v-ing,与现在分词同形，否定有not+动名词构成特征具有名词的特征，也具有动词的某些特征，可以带宾语或由状语修饰，动名词和宾语或状语一起构成动名词短语动名词的形式时态语态动词性质及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式praisingbeingpraisedcoming完成式havingpraisedhavingbeenpraisedhavingcome动名词的句法作用作主语：为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末，其逻辑主语泛指人们。Workingalldaymadehertired.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.作宾语：可作及物动词的宾语、作介词宾语、作形容词worth和busy的宾语，有时可用it作形式宾语(think，find，consider等)，其逻辑主语一般特指，有时也可泛指。Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?Iamlookingforwardtohearingfrommyfather.Theteacherconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.作表语：不要和进行时混淆，进行时说明谓语动作是由主语完成的，但动名词只是说明主语的内容，往往是无生命的名词或由what引导的名词性从句。MyjobisteachingEnglish.Heisdrivingacar.(现在进行时)Hisjobisdrivingacar.(动名词)作定语：动名词作定语起修饰作用，用于说明名词的用途和目的，且只能放于所修饰词的前面。Itisimportanttouseagoodlearningmethod.(amethodoflearning)Themansittingattheworkingdesk(adeskforwriting)isayoungwriter.动名词与现在分词的区别作定语时：动名词作定语修饰主语，用以说明主语的性质、用途及目的，与主语之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示主语的动作或状态，两者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Thisisadancinghall.(动名词)Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.(现在分词)作表语时：动名词作表语，具有名词性质，说明主语的内容或情况；分词作表语，相当于形容词，表示性质和状态。Hishobbyisfishing.(动名词)Hisspeechwasinspiring.(现在分词)Afterclass：Step5:自辅落实I.改正下列句中的错误。Ifyoudon’tmind,I’drathernottogo.Thehousetobuildwillbeapost-office.Tellherdon’tturnonthelight.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitedforme.Hewassatisfyingwithwhatshehadsaid.Wewatchedtheplanetakenoffattheairport.Whatmadehersofrightening?Doyoumindhimtogamble?It’snousetoquarrelaboutitallday.Shedevotedherselftohelphomelesschildren.References:1.去掉to2.tobebuilt3.don’t改为notto4.waiting5.satisfied6.taking7.frightened8.togamble改成gambling9.toquarrel改为quarrelling10.helpingII.语法填空Aclear,accuratesummaryonlygivesthevitalinformationfromatext.Anyextra,irrelevantdetailsareleftout.__1__(summarize)willseriouslyimproveyourquickreadingskills—solearnhowtodoit.Youcan'tsummarizeifyouhaven'tread__2__textcarefully.Startbyscanningthetext,thenreaditclosely.Onceyouunderstandthewholetext,gothrough__3__againslowly,workingout__4__isrelevant,andwhichdetailscanbeleftout.Writeonlythenumberofwordsyou__5__(tell)—nomore.Seewhatthetitleis,andlookforanyextrainformationonthepaper__6__couldberelevant,__7__theauthor'sname.Decidewhatthemainthemeofthetextis.Ifthequestionsayshowmanywordslongthesummarymustbe,youmustneverwrite__8__(many)thanthatlimit.Youwill__9__(definite)losemarks__10__youdon'tfollowtheguidelines.Makesurethatallthebasicinformationisthere—don'tincludedetailswhenthereisn'troom.References：1.Summarizing　考查动名词作主语。所填词表示主动关系和一般概念，故填动名词的一般主动式。2.the　考查冠词。上文已出现过atext，故此处表示特指，所以用定冠词the。3.it　考查代词。此处用it代替前面的thewholetext。4.what　考查宾语从句。workingout后的从句是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，所填词表示“什么”，故填what。5.aretold　考查时态和语态。tell与you为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，且文章的时态基调是一般现在时，故填aretold。6.which/that　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是information，故用which/that。7.like　考查介词。此处是在举例，故用like(像)。8.more　考查比较级。由后面的than可知，此处要用many的比较级形式，故填more。9.definitely　考查副词。修饰谓语动词应该用副词，故填definitely。10.if　考查条件状语从句。if表示“如果”，在此引导条件状语从句。Step6:课后反思