Lecture 2 Weak forms and Contractions

20173221Lecture2WeakformsandContractionsWeakformsandstrongformsPronounsSomefunctionalwordshavetwodifferentpronunciations–astrongformandaweakform.Normallyweusetheweakform,butifthewordisstressedbecauseitisespeciallyimportant,orbecausewewanttoshowacontrast,weusethestrongform.Mostpronounshavestrongandweakforms.SeeZhang:p.16620173222WeakformsandstrongformsPronounsListentothedifferenceandrepeat.(primaryC50)A:WillyoubeatthemeetingonFriday?(youisweak)B:Yes.Willyoubethere?(youisstrong)Canyouhelpmecarrythissuitcase?(meisweak)Hey,waitforme!(meisstrong)A:Ishethere?(heisweak)B:Who?A:Theboss.B:No.Everybodyelseisworking,buthe’sgonehome!(heisstrong)WeakformsandstrongformsPronounsA:Shedoesn’tsmokeordrink!(sheisstrong)B:Ah,that’swhatshetoldyou!(sheisweak)A:Look–it’shim!(himisstrong)B:Where?Ican’tseehim.(himisweak)A:Doyouknowthatwoman?B:Her?No,Idon’trecognizeher.(firstherisstrong,secondherisweak)20173223WeakformsandstrongformsPronounsA:I’mafraidwecan’tstayanylonger.(weisweak)B:Whatdoyoumean,‘we’?I’vegotplentyoftime.(weisstrong)A:Theytoldustogothisway.(usisweak)B:Well,theydidn’ttellus!(usisstrong)WhenIsaid,‘Givethemadrink’Ididn’tmeanthem,Imeantthepeople.(firstthemisweak,secondthemisstrong)WeakformsandstrongformsPronounsListenandrepeatthispoem.Becarefultospeakwiththecorrectrhythm.Stressthewordsinbold,anduseweakformsofthepronounsbetweenthem.(primaryC53)ComingsandgoingsWhatdidshesay?Don’tsendherawayGiveherachanceAskhertodanceGiveusadrinkWhatdoyouthink?AskthemtowaitTellthemit’slateWhatshallwedo?Shallwewaithereforyou?Pleasedon’tdelayTellme,whatdoyousay?20173224Weakformsandstrongforms—Possessives,conjunctions,prepositionsListentothedifference,andrepeat.(primaryC54)Givemeyourhand!A:Yourturn!B:No,it’syourturn!A:That’sournewneighbour.B:Andwhat’shisname?A:No,her!B:Oh,sorry.What’shername?A:Shemustberich—lookathercar!B:Ithinkthat’shiscar,actually!A:They’vesoldtheiroldhouse,Isee.B:They’vesoldtheirhouse,yes,buttheyhaven’tboughtanotheroneyet.(yourisweak)(yourisstrong)(yourisstrong)(andandhisareweak)(herisstrong)(herisstrong)(herisweak)(hisisstrong)(theirisstrong)Weakformsandstrongforms—Possessives,conjunctions,prepositionsA:Wouldyoulikesomeicecreamorsomecake?B:I’dlikesomeicecreamandsomecake,please!A:Doyoulikethesweets?B:Well,someofthemaregood.(someisstrong,ofandthemareweak.)Theshop’sclosedfromonetotwo.There’sabustothevillageatsix,butthere’snobusbackfromtheretonight.(someisweak)(andisstrong,someisweak)(doandyouareweak)(fromandtoareweak)(toandfromarestrong,atisweak)20173225Weakformsandstrongforms—Possessives,conjunctions,prepositionsReadandlistentothesepoems.Thenlistenagainandrepeat.Becarefultospeakwiththecorrectrhythm.Usetheweakformofand(C56a)YouandmeyouandmecakeandteabreadandcheesethisandthatthinandfatleftandrightdayandnightnowandthenwhereandwhenUsetheweakformofof(C56b)RelaxingacupofteaanewCDabottleofwineandplentyoftimeWeakformsandstrongforms—Possessives,conjunctions,prepositionsUsetheweakformofbut(primaryC56c)MakingplansAwalk?Butit’stoolate.Tothetown?Butit’stoofar.Somesightseeing?Butit’stoodark.Arestaurant?Butit’stooexpensive.Agameofchess?Butit’ssoboring.Readabook?Butmyeyesaresotired.StudysomeEnglish?Butit’ssodifficult.Butlet’sdosomething.OK,What?Usetheweakformofat(primaryC56d)IrememberitwellWemetataconference.Ormaybeataparty.Apartyatahotel.Orperhapsatsomeone’shouse.Itwasatlunchtime.No,itwaslateatnight.Yes,andyouweresittingatatable.Ormaybestandingatawindow.Youlookedatmeandsmiled.No,youlookedatmeandlaughedatme.Yes,Irememberitwell.20173226Weakformsandstrongforms—Possessives,conjunctions,prepositionsUsetheweakformofyour(primaryC56e)AchangeofplanEatyoursandwich.Drinkyourtea.Combyourhair.Brushyourteeth.Putyourshoeson.Packyourbag.Getyourkeys.Ready?Whatdoyoumean,you’vechangedyourmind.Weakformsandstrongforms—Articles,comparatives,‘there’Somewordshavetwodifferentpronunciations—astrongformandaweakform.Wenormallyusetheweakformsofthewordsaandan.Wesaybeforeconsonantsoundsandbeforevowelsounds.Listenandrepeat.(primaryC57a)acupofcoffee,please.apieceofcake,please.alotofvisitorsaThursdaymorninginNovemberaninvitationtoapartyanumbrellaintherain20173227Weakformsandstrongforms—Articles,comparatives,‘there’Noticethatsomewordsbeginwiththevowelletterubuttheconsonantsoundsj,sowesayabeforethem.Listenandrepeat.(C57b)AuniversityAusefulpresentIncomparatives,weusetheweakformsofthanandas,andwepronouncetheending–erastheweakvowel.Listenandrepeat.(C58)Thenewcomputer’sbetterthantheoldone.Theoldcomputerwasn’tasgoodasthenewone.Weakformsandstrongforms—Articles,comparatives,‘there’Intheexpressionsthere’sandtherearewenormallyusetheweakform.Wepronouncethere’sasandthereareas.Listenandrepeat.(primaryC59a)There’sabridgeovertheriver.Therearetenmillimetresinacentimetre.Butwhenweusethewordtheretotalkaboutaplace,weusethestrongform.Listenandrepeat.(primaryC59b)A:Wherearemyglasses?B:Overthere!20173228Weakformsandstrongforms—Articles,comparatives,‘there’Listenandmarktheunderlinedwordsw(weak)ors(strong).(primaryC63)A:Whatareyoudoingthere?B:There’saspiderintheroom.A:Isthere?Where?B:There,look!A:No,thereisn’t!B:Yes,thereis!A:Well,actually,therearetwo–onethereandonethere!(w:are,you);s:there)(w:there’s,a)w:theres:therew:therew:therew:there(1st),are,ands:there(2nd),there(3rd)Weakformsandstrongforms—AuxiliaryverbsWeoftenusetheweakformsoftheseverbs:Listenandrepeat.(primaryC64)1.I’mready.2.It’srainingagain.3.Areyoucoming?4.You’recoming,aren’tyou?5.Whowasthat?6.Theshopswereallclosed.7.Whathaveyougotinyourhand?8.Hastheprogrammestarted?9.WhatdoyouwantforChristmas?10.Wheredoesyoursisterlive?11.Youcanstayhereifyoulike.12.Couldyouspellyournameforme,please?am,is,are,was,were,havehasdodoes,can,could20173229Weakformsandstrongforms—AuxiliaryverbsButifoneoftheseverbsisstressedbecauseitisespeciallyimportant,orbecausewewanttoshowacontrast,weusethestrongform.Listenandrepeat.(C65)1.A:Areyouready?B:Yes,Iam.2.A:Itisn’training,isit?B:Yes,itis.3.A:I’mnotverygoodatEnglish.B:Ofcourseyouare!4.A:Isyourfatherateacher?B:Hewas,buthe’sretirednow.5.A:Howmanypeoplearethereinyourclassten?B:Therewereten,butoneleftlastweek.Weakformsandstrongforms—Auxiliaryverbs6.A:Havewemetbefore?B:Idon’tthinkwehave.7.A:Hasitstarted?B:Yes,comeon,ithas!8.A:Idon’tlikethismusic.B:Oh,Ido.9.A:DoesthesupermarketopenonSundays?B:Ithinkitdoes.10.A:Ican’topenthisdoor.B:Letmetry.MaybeIcan.11.A:Canyouplaytennis?B:Notnow.IcouldwhenIwasyounger.201732210Weakformsandstrongforms—AuxiliaryverbsListenandnoticetheweakformsunderlined.(C66a)Itwaswinter.Itwaslate.Itwasdark.Itwassnowing.Iwaswalkingalongastreet.Therewasnobodyelseinthetown.IcouldseealightinawindowIcouldhearsomeoneshouting,‘You’retoolate!Wewerehere,allthetime.Wewerewaitingforyou,butnowit’stoolate!’ThenIwokeup.Itwasadream!Weakformsandstrongforms—AuxiliaryverbsListenandmarktheunderlinedwordsw(weak)ors(strong).(primaryC67)A:I’mbetterthanyou!B:No,youaren’t!A:Iam.I’vegotmoretoysthanyou!B:No,youhaven’t!A:Yes,Ihave!AndIcanspeaktwentylanguages!B:Youcan’t!Nobodycanspeaktwentylanguages!A:Ican.AndIcouldwalkwhenIwasthreeweeksold!B:Youcouldn’t!That’simpossible!A:Icould!Youdon’tknow–youweren’tthere!B:Iwas!I’molderthanyou!A:No,youaren’t!B:Yes,Iam!I’meight.Howoldareyou?A:I’meighthundred.B:Whatdoyoumean?Nobodycanbeeighthundredyearsold!A:Don’targue!B:I’mnotarguing!A:Yes,youare.(w:‘m)(s:am;w:‘ve)(s:have;w:can)(w:can)(s:can;w:could,was)(s:strong)(s:was)(s:am;s:‘m,are)(w:‘m)(w:‘m)(w:do,can)(s:are)201732211Weakformsandstrongforms—AuxiliaryverbsMarktheunderlinedwordswifyouthinktheywillbeweakandsifyouthinktheywillbestrong.(C68)1.IcouldspeakEnglishwhenIwastwelve.2.Iwasn’tverywellyesterday,butIamtoday.3.A:Aretheseyourgloves?B:Yes,theyare.Thanks!4.A:Idon’tthinkyouwereatthelessonlastweek,wereyou?B:Iwas!5.A:Ididn’tthinkthesingersinthebandwereverygood.B:Oh,Ithoughttheywere!6.A:Haveyougotapen?B;Justaminute,IthinkIhave,somewhere.7.A:Hasthelessonstarted?B:Yes,ithas,butyoucangoin.8.A:Wheredoeshelive?B:Neartheoldtownhall.Doyouknowwherethatis?A:Yes,Ido.(w:could,was)(s:am)(w:Are)(s:are)(w:were(1st);s:were(2nd),was)(w:were(1st);s:were(2nd))(w:Have;s:have)(w:Has,can;s:has)(w:does,Do;s:do)ContractionsInsometypesoftexts,likecartoonsandpopsongs,youcanfindothercontractions,likethese.Listen.(primaryC71)1.OneofthesedaysI’mgonnaleavethistown.2.Ijustwannahaveagoodtime.3.Niceplace,this,innit?4.A:Whydontchawannacomewithus?B:’CosIhateshopping!5.Rock‘n’rollwillneverdie.6.Tell’imtocomenow!7.A:Canyousee’em?B:Notyet.goinggonnaand‘n’wanttowannathem’emisn’tinnithim’imdon’tyoudontchadoyoud’youbecause’cos201732212ContractionsListen,andwritethesentencesyouhearinnormalspelling.(primaryC73)ExampleYouhear:“Areyougonnabewithusattheweekend?”andyouwrite:‘Areyougoingtobewithusattheweekend?’1.Whatdoyouwanttodotomorrow?2.We’lljusthavetowaitandsee.3.Iwaslatebecausetherewasalotoftraffic.4.Bringthemalltotheparty.5.Ihaven’tseenhimforages.MoreexercisesoncontractedformsInspeech,wesometimescontracttwoconsecutivewords.Listenandwritethesentencesyouhear.(Advanced:B62)1.I’ll’vefinisheditbytomorrow.2.He’d’velovedtohavebeenthere.3.Shecouldn’t’veknownaboutit.4.Iwouldn’t’vemindeddoingit.Listen.Writewhatyouhearineachspace.Usecontractedforms,butalsothinkaboutwhatthenoncontractedformswouldbe.(AdvancedB67)1.boughtsomemorecoffeeifknownrunout.2.Thefilmstartedyet,sogotlotsoftime.3.Isupposeclosedbynow,socomebacktomorrow.4.goneifbeenanythinggoodonTV.5.A:hadthatlastsliceofpizza.B:Itoldyoumakeyoufeelsick!I’d’veI’dwe’dwon’t’vewe’vethey’ll’vewebetterIwouldn’t’vethere’dIshouldn’t’veit’d