Unit 7 The Call of the Wildppt课件

ExtensivereadingUnit7Book1TheCalloftheWildbyJackLondonLearningobjectivesInthisunityouwill:befamiliarwithJackLondonandhisworksgetsomeknowledgeoftheKlondikeGoldRushappreciatethelanguageandwritingskillinthisnoveltakeatestonfastreadinglearntoguessmeaningsofwordsfromcontextUnitoverviewPre-readingdiscussionBackgroundinformationTextanalysisPost-readingdiscussionExercisesReadingskillsRelatedinformationPre-readingdiscussionHowdoyouunderstandtheword“call”inthetitle?HowdoesTheCalloftheWildpresentthehuman-dogrelationship?BackgroundinformationJackLondon(1876—1916)JackLondonwasthemostpopularnovelistandshortstorywriterofhisday.Hewrotepassionatelyandprolificallyaboutthegreatquestionsoflifeanddeath,thestruggletosurvivewithdignityandintegrity.JackLondonIn1898,JackLondonwentto Klondikeforgoldmining.AftersufferingtheSepsis(败血症),hisdreamofbeingagoldminerbroken.Atthesametime,hegotplentyofwritingmaterials.Hewovetheseelementalideasintostoriesofhighadventurebasedonhisownfirsthandexperiences.Jack’slifeexperiencesBeingalaborer,factoryworker,oysterpirateontheSanFranciscoBay,memberoftheCaliforniaFishPatrol,sailor,railroadhobo(流浪汉),andgoldprospector,hislifeexperiencescontributedalottohisprolificwritings.TheSailorTheGoldProspectortheRancherJackLondon’sbelief“Iwouldratherbeashesthandust!Iwouldratherthatmysparkshouldburnoutinabrilliantblazethanitshouldbestifledbydry-rot.Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor,everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.Theproperfunctionofmanistolive,nottoexist.Ishallnotwastemydaysintryingtoprolongthem.Ishallusemytime.”TheCalloftheWildTheCalloftheWild(1903)isaworldfamousanimalstory.SetinAlaskaduringtheKlondikeGoldRushofthelate1890s,Thestoryrecordsthe“decivilization”ofBuckasheanswers“thecallofthewild”,aninherentmemoryofprimitiveoriginstowhichheinstinctivelyresponds.TheCalloftheWildTheCalloftheWildisthefirstandforemoststoryaboutadog,itdisplaysaphilosophicaldepthabsentinmostanimaladventures.“Oldlongingsnomadicleap,“野性沉入长眠，Chafingatcustom‘schain;希望终难泯灭，Againfromitsbrumalsleep挣脱习惯锁链，Wakenstheferinestrain.”踏入冰雪荒野间。”The KlondikeGoldRushThe KlondikeGoldRush(克朗代克淘金热）wasa migration byanestimated100,000prospectorstothe Klondikeregionofthe Yukon innorth-westernCanada between1896and1899aftergoldwasdiscoveredtherebylocalminersonAugust16,1896.Prespectersascendingthe ChilkootPass,1898The KlondikeGoldRushKlondikecouldonlybereachedbytheYukonRivereitherupstreamfromitsdelta,downstreamfromitsheadorfromsomewhereinthemiddlethroughitstributaries.Travelingeneralwasmadedifficultbyboththegeographyandclimate.The KlondikeGoldRushAidsforthetravelerstocarrytheirsuppliesvaried;somehadbroughtdogs,horses,mulesoroxen,whereasothershadtorelyoncarryingtheirequipmentontheirbacksoronsledspulledbyhand.The KlondikeGoldRushTheeventsoftheKlondikegoldrushrapidlybecameembeddedinNorthAmericanculture,beingcapturedinpoems,stories,photographsandpromotionalcampaignslongaftertheendofthestampede.ThewriterJackLondonincorporatedscenesfromthegoldrushintohisnovelssetintheKlondike,includingTheCalloftheWild,anovelaboutasledgedog.TextanalysisDeterminingthemainideaThemainideaofthetextisthat______.itwasnoteasyforBuck,adogfromthesouth,toliveinthenorthBuck,adogfromthesouth,begantolearnlessonfromthehardlifeinthenorthsomepeoplewereevilenoughtostealdogsandsellthemformoneyBuckthedogwasexposedtoharshexperiencesinthenorthWhile-readingquestionsHowmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?What’sthemainideaofeachpart?InwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMiller’splace?WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuck’scomfortablelifeinMr.Miller’shouse?Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?HowisBuckintroducedtoit?TextstructurePartsContentsMainideas11Buck’shappylifebeforehewenttothenorth22—19Onthelongjourney,Buckexperiencedalotofthings.320—31Buck’sfirstdayatDyeaBeachPart1HappylifeinthesouthWhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?InwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMiller’splace?WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuck’scomfortablelifeinMr.Miller’shouse?Part1HappylifeinthesouthWhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?Theopeningofthenovelsetsinthesunny,comfortableworldofJudgeMiller’sestate,whereBucklivesinspoiled,lordlycontentment.Part1HappylifeinthesouthInwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMiller’splace?Buckwaschiefdog.Buckwasbornhereandhasbeenlivedhere.BuckhasbeenregardedasonefamilymemberandenjoyedthelifewiththeJudgeMillerfamily.Part1HappylifeinthesouthWhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuck’scomfortablelifeinMr.Miller’shouse?Toformasharpcontrastbetweentwoworlds:thesunny,comfortableworldofJudgeMiller’sestate,andtheharsh,frigidworldoftheKlondike,whereheisdraggedagainsthiswill.Part2OnthejourneyHowcouldManuelleadBuckawayfromtheestate?WhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Buckwasbeatenbuthewasnotbroken”?Part2OnthejourneyHowcouldManuelleadBuckawayfromtheestate?WhenBuckwasledoutbyManuel,thegardener,whoneededmoneyforhisbigfamily,hethoughtitwasjustanormaleveningwalk.Part2OnthejourneyWhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?Bucklearnedthathestoodnochanceagainstamanwithaclub.Part2OnthejourneyHowdoyouunderstandthesentence“Buckwasbeatenbuthewasnotbroken”?OutwardlyBuckwasnowinamiserableshapeandcondition,butinwardlyhemaintainedhisfirmnessandsteadiness.Part3LifeinthenorthWhydidBuckhateSpitz？Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?HowisBuckintroducedtoit?CanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?Part3LifeinthenorthWhydidBuckhateSpitz?StoleBuck’sfoodKeptlaughingwhenCurlydiedPart3LifeinthenorthWhatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?Itreferstothatman,havingthegreaterforce,isthemaster.TheweakmustsubmitandservethewilloftheconquerororbekilledStrength,notjustice,isthecentralvalue.Part3LifeinthenorthHowisBuckintroducedtoit?Bucklearnsthislessonfromtwoevents.Thefirstoneteacheshimaboutthepowerofviolenceandabouttheneedtogiveinwhenthreatenedbyasuperiorforce.BucklearnsthelawofthefangwhenhearrivesinCanadaandwatchesoneofhisfellowdogs,afemaledognamedCurly,torntopiecesbyapackofhuskies.Part3LifeinthenorthCanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?Intelligent—understandtoobeyamanwithaclub;learntosledwellquicklyRebellious—reactingtothekidnapHardworking—enjoyedhisworkStrongRelatedinformationMajorthemesThefollowingthemesareevidentinthestory:AdaptionAdventureConflictCourageanddeterminationDeathInterdependenceLeadershipSurvivalNature’sunpredictabilityInfluenceofCharlesDarwin’sandFriedrichNietzsche’stheoriesDarwin,thefoundingfatherofevolutiontheory,taughtthatlifeinthenaturalworldconsistedofaconstantstruggleforsurvival,inwhichonlythestrongcouldthriveandproduceoffspring.This“survivalofthefittest,”asHerbertSpencer,anEnglishphilosopher,termedit,wastheenginethatdroveevolution.TheworldthatLondoncreatesinTheCalloftheWildoperatesstrictlyaccordingtoDarwinistprinciplesinitsbrutalityandamorality—onlythefitsurviveinthecruellandscapeoftheKlondike.influenceofCharlesDarwin’sandFriedrichNietzsche’stheoriesNietzschewasaGermanphilosopherwhopreachedthedoctrineofthe“willtopower”asthedrivingforcebehindsociety.Moralconsiderationsweremeaningless,hedeclared,andallmembersofhumanitywereeithermasters,driventodominateothers,orslaves,driventosubmit.Londontransposesthisschemetotheanimalworld,usingNietzscheanlanguagerepeatedlytodescribeBuck'squesttoachievemasteryanddominionoverhisenemies.Post-readingdiscussionWhatroledoMercedes,Hal,andCharlesplayinthenovel?Howdotheyfunctionasembodimentsoftheworstsideofcivilization?ComparetherolesofJohnThorntonandJudgeMiller.Who,fromthenovel’spointofview,isthebettermaster?Defendyouranswer.Whatisthe“callofthewild”?HowdoesitaffectBuck'sbehaviorthroughoutthenovel?ReadingskillsGuessingMeaningsofWordsfromContext(I)ConceptSynonymcluesAntonymcluesConceptContextheremeanswords,phrases,orsentencessurroundingawordandthesituationinwhichitisused.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordinyourreading,beforelookingitupinadictionary,veryoftenyoucanguessitsmeaningfromitscontext.Thereareoftenspecificwords(contextclues)inasentenceorparagraphthatcanhelpyoudeterminethemeaningofanunfamiliarword.SynonymcluesSynonymsarewordsorphrasesthataresimilarinmeaningtootherwords.Asentencewithadifficultwordoftencontainsamorefamiliarwordtomakeiteasytounderstand.Youmayrecognizesomesynonymsbecausetheyaresetapartbycommas,dashes,orparentheses.Usually,asynonymcontextclueappearstobeofthesamepartofspeechasthenewword.SynonymcluesForexample:Thehullabalooexpressespeople'shighspiritsatholidaytime.Manyyearsago,however,theloudnoisesweremeanttoscareawaytheevilspirits,thusgivingthenewyearafreshstart.“Hullabaloo”isanouninthesentence.Thephrasethathasthesamemeaningandpartofspeechis“loudnoises”.So“loudnoises”isasynonymcontextclueto“hullabaloo”.AntonymcluesAntonymsarewordsorphrasesthathaveoppositemeaningstootherwordsorphrases.Recognizingthatcertainwordswhichoftensignalanantonymcluecanhelpyouunderstandnewwords.Wordsorphraseslike“or”,“but”,“while”,“asopposedto”,and“ontheotherhand”oftensignalantonymclues.AntonymcluesForexample:LindamanagesmoneyjudiciouslywhileImanagemoneyunwisely.Theword“while”signalstheantonym“unwisely”youcanreasonthat“unwisely”istheoppositeof“judiciously.”thus,“judiciously”means“unwisely”.PracticeA．Determinethemeaningofeachitalicizedwordbyidentifyingitspartofspeechandlocatingitssynonym.B.Locatethewordorphrasethatsignalstheantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunderlinetheantonymclue.Finally,selectthebestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.PracticeA1.NewYear’sDayisthoughtofasagoodtimetomakeNewYear’sresolutions—thedecisionstodobetterintheyearjustbeginningthanyoudidintheyearthatjustended.resolutionsisa(an)_____.Itmeans________.noundecisionsPracticeA2.Makesure,too,thatthecostofyourhobbydoesnotgobeyondyourbudgetoryourestimatedincomeandexpense.budgetisa(an)_____.Itmeans_________________________.nounestimatedincomeandexpensePracticeA3.BeforetheCrusades,kingshadexisted,buttheirrolewasmoreorlessthatofafigurehead,achiefinnameonly,inthecomplicatedfeudalsystem.figureheadisa(an)_____.Itmeans_________________.nounachiefinnameonlyPracticeBB.Locatethewordorphrasethatsignalstheantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunderlinetheantonymclue.Finally,selectthebestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.PracticeBTheOvegesmethodofteachingmadescienceandmathematicsfuninsteadofachore.choremeans______.a.attractionb.tiringtaskc.dutyPracticeBThoughhewasoftenshyinsocialsettings,sciencebroughtouttheshowmaninhim.showmanmeans______.a.personalityattractingpublicattentionb.timidcharacterc.quicktemperPracticeBAlthoughtheGreeksweresaidtobedemocratic,slavesandwomenhadfewright.democraticmeans______.a.respectingpeople'srightsb.warlikec.peace-lovingExercisesTextA.bB.1—4cdaa5—8dccdC.1—5daacd6—10bdabaFastreading1—5dabdd6—10bacbd11—15daabaHomereading1—4bdcb5—8bbdb