IEEE_1547_测试方法

IEEE 1547.1 Overview IEEE P1547.1 Draft Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems DOE High-Tech Inverter Workshop Codes and Standards Development October 13 – 14, 2004 Tom Basso, Ben Kroposki National Renewable Energy Laboratory Presentation Outline • IEEE 1574.1 Interconnection Test Std • Test Procedure Validation IEEE 1547 Series IEEE 1547-2003 - Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems This standard covers technical and testing requirements IEEE 1547.1 – Draft Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems This standard has detailed test procedures for meeting the requirements in IEEE 1547 IEEE 1547 Technical Requirements • General Requirements • Voltage Regulation • Integration with Area EPS Grounding • Synchronization • Secondary and Spot Networks • Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions • Voltage Disturbances • Frequency Disturbances • Disconnection for Faults • Power Quality • Limitation of DC Injection • Limitation of Voltage Flicker • Induced by the DR • Islanding • Inadvertent Energizing of the Area EPS • Monitoring • Isolation Device • Loss of Synchronism • Feeder Reclosing Coordination • Immunity Protection • Harmonics • Surge Capability IEEE Std 1547.1 (Conformance Test Procedures) Scope This standard specifies the Type, Production, and Commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that the interconnection functions and equipment of the DR conform to IEEE Std. 1547. Purpose Interconnection equipment that connects DR to an EPS must meet the requirements specified in IEEE 1547. Standardized test procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements. These test procedures must provide both repeatable results, independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate the variety of DR technologies. Schedule • Draft 5.1 Issued summer 2004 for preparing ballot draft • Plan to ballot P1547.1 Draft Standard in December 2004 IEEE Std 1547.1 Type (Design), Production and Commissioning Tests 5.0 Type (Design) Tests • 5.1 Temperature Stability This test verifies that the interconnection equipment maintains measurement accuracy of parameters over its specified temperature range. • 5.2 Response to Abnormal Voltage This test verifies that DR interconnection component or system ceases to energize the Area EPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect to overvoltage conditions. This test determines the magnitude and trip time for each overvoltage function. • 5.3 Response to Abnormal Frequency Same as Voltage except for abnormal frequency • 5.4 Synchronization This test demonstrates the interconnection equipment will accurately and reliably synchronize to the Area EPS according the requirements of IEEE 1547. Two basic test methods are provided: Method 1 verifies that a synchronization control function will cause the paralleling device to close only when key synchronization parameters are within allowable limits; Method 2 determines the magnitude of the synchronization startup current. IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests 5.0 Type (Design) Tests • 5.5 Interconnection Integrity These tests includes 1) Protection From Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), 2) Surge Withstand Performance, and a 3) dielectric test on the paralleling device. These tests are based on protocol in IEEE C37.90.1, C37.90.2, C62.41.2, and C62.45. • 5.6 DC injection This test verifies that an inverter-based DR system complies with the DC current injection limit specified in of IEEE 1547. • 5.7 Unintentional Islanding This test provides a means to determine that a DR or its interconnection system will cease to energize the connection with the Area EPS when an unintentional island condition is present. This test is currently based on matching the DR output to a resonant load. • 5.8 Reverse Power Since one of the ways in which DR often meet the unintentional islanding requirement is to use a reverse or minimum power relay, this test is performed to characterize the accuracy of the reverse-power protection magnitude setting(s) of the interconnection equipment. IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests 5.0 Type (Design) Tests • 5.9 Cease to Energize Functionality and Loss of Phase This test verifies that DR interconnection system ceases to energize the Area EPS as specified in IEEE 1547 with respect to individual open phase conditions. • 5.10 Reconnect Time This test verifies the functionality of the DR interconnection component or system reconnect timer, which delays the DR reconnection to the Area EPS following a trip event. • 5.11 Harmonics This test measures the individual current harmonics and total demand distortion (TDD) of the DR interconnection component or system under normal operating conditions and see that they are within the limits of IEEE 1547. • 5.12 Flicker No specific type test procedures since flicker is site dependent IEEE Std 1547.1 Interconnection Tests 6 - Production Tests Production tests verify the operability of every unit of interconnect equipment manufactured for customer use. • Response to Abnormal Voltage • Response to Abnormal Frequency • Synchronization 7 - Commissioning Tests Commissioning tests are conducted after the interconnection system is installed and is ready for operation. • Verification and Inspections • Field Conducted type and Production Tests IEEE Std 1547.1 Tests incorporated into UL1741 for product pre-certification UL 1741 Interconnection Equipment •Construction •Protection against risks of injury to persons •Rating, Marking •Specific DR Tests for various technologies IEEE 1547 Interconnection System Requirements •Voltage Regulation •Grounding •Disconnects •Monitoring •Islanding NREL Interconnection Pre-Certification Approach IEEE 1547.1 •Interconnection System Testing •O/U Voltage •and Frequency •Synchronization •EMI •Surge Withstand •DC injection •Harmonics •Islanding •Reconnection Interconnection Testing Distributed Energy Resources Interconnection Technologies Electric Power Systems Fuel Cell PV Microturbine Wind Utility Grid Simulator Generator Inverter Switchgear, Relays, & Controls Functions •Power Conversion •Power Conditioning (PQ) •Protection •DER and Load Control •Ancillary Services •Communications •Metering Micro Grids Energy Storage Loads Local Loads Load Simulators Utility Grid Testing Summary • This presentation outlines some of the specific interconnection tests being validated for inclusion in IEEE 1547.1. • Generic monitoring, measurement, and testing strategies could be useful in P1547.1. The file size, sampling rate, and correct sampling window were significant factors of testing that could be mentioned in P1547.1. Advice and warnings of issues to be aware of to aid smooth and accurate testing should also be included. • Some values from the earlier draft of P1547.1 standard were incompatible with the testing setup and will need modification. This information has been passed on to members of the IEEE P1547.1 working group for revision in future drafts. • Care must be taken to test each parameter individually without other protective functions operating. • For More Information and Copies of the full testing reports go to www.eren.doe.gov/distributedpower or www.nrel.gov NREL Testing Capabilities Grid Simulator Load Simulators Diesel Generators PV Array 3 A C B u s e s Utility Grid Battery Banks 3 DC Buses Inverters Fuel Cells Electrolyzer Microturbines Wind Turbines NREL Testing Capabilities DC Bus – Allows up to 10 DC device (Battery, PV) connections Switch Panel – Computer controlled. Allows tester to easily configure systems. Ability to run 3 independent systems simultaneously. AC Bus (3Phase, 480V, 400A rated) – Allows up to 15 AC device (inverters, microturbine, generators) connections Interconnection Equipment Testing Examples GE Universal Interconnection Technology (UIT) ASCO – Soft-Load Transfer Switch Validation of IEEE P1547 Interconnection Standard Tests • Over/Under Voltage and Frequency Response • Unintentional islanding test Test Results – System Configuration Transfer Switch Onan 125kW Generator 200kW Grid Simulator Programmable Load Banks Test Results – IEEE 1547 Response Times Response to Abnormal Frequency DR SIZE Frequency Range (Hz) Clearing Time (s) ≤30 kW >60.5 0.16 <59.3 0.16 >30 kW >60.5 0.16 <{59.8–57.0} (adjustable setpoint) Adjustable 0.16–300 <57.0 0.16 Response to Abnormal Voltage Voltage Range (Based on 480 V) Clearing Time (s) V<240 0.16 240≤V<422.4 2 528