英语语言学考研试题 精品考研试题四(1)

江苏大学2004年考研试I.Multiplechoice(10%)1.____________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.a.Chomsky b.Saussure c.Bloomfield d.JohnLyons2.Theminimalindependentunitoflanguageis_________.a.phoneme b.wordc.morpheme d.affix3.____________isnotanEnglishconsonant.a.Labio-dentalplosive b.Alveolarnasal c.velarstopd.Dentalfricative4.__________isnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglishphonology.a.Nasalityb.Voicing c.Aspiration d.rounding5.Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis______.a.random b.predictable c.variable d.independent6.Siteandsightare____________.a.orthographyb.homography c.homophony d.hyponymy7.Kodakisa(n)____________.a.coinageb.blendingc.acronym d.clipping8.____________isaphenomenonthatinsomespeechcommunitiestwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidesbyside,witheachhavingadifferentroletoplay.a.Bilingualism b.Diglossia c.Pidgind.Creole9.TheIndirectSpeechActwasdevelopedby__________.a.JohnAustin b.Levinson c.JohnLyons d.JohnSearle.10.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis_________.a.registerb.linguisticrepertoire c.idiolectd.dialectII.  Definethefollowingterms(30%)1.arbitrariness2.evocative 3.competence4.mannersofarticulation5.distinctivefeatures 6.stem 7.idiom 8.endocentric9.hyponymy 10.soundwriting 11.acronym12.ideolect 13.standardlanguage14.illocutionaryact15.internalauthorityIII.Justifythefollowingclaimsorstatements.(20%)1Theviolationofoneormoreoftheconversationalmaxims(oftheCPPrinciple)can,whenthelistenerfullyunderstandsthespeaker,createconversationalimplicature,ahumorsometimes.2 Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.3.Chomsky's'competence'and'performance'aresimilarinmeaningtoSaussure's'langue'and'parole'.IV.Makeyourcriticalremarksonthefollowing:(20％):1It'sabitcoldinhere.2JohnmarriedFred'ssister3Hedrankanotherglassofbeer              4Thelecturercontinuedspeaking.5PeterhasstoppedbeatinghiswifeV.  Giveoneconcepttocoverthefollowingstatement(6%)1)Humanlanguagecanbeusedtorefertorealorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture. Itcanevenbeusedtotalkaboutlanguageitself.2)Acompetentnativespeakerisabletoutteranygrammaticalsentencethathehasneversaidbeforeorunderstandanythathehasneverheardbefore.3)Chomskybelievesthatanyonewhoknowsalanguagehasinternalizedasetofrulesaboutthesequencespermittedinhislanguage.4)Chomskyismuchinterestedinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesratherthantheirdifferences.5)Roughlyfrom1930to1960somelinguistsgavepre-eminencetotheempiricalorobservationalaspectintheirinvestigationofmeaning. Theybelievedthemeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage.6)Since1960's,somemodernlinguistshaveviewedtheprimaryfunctionoflanguageasthecommunicationofideasandassumedthedataneededaboutlanguagecanbesuppliedbydirectresorttointuition.VI.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly(20%)1. Doyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguistics?Giveyourreasons.2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenbroadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription?3.Howisaphonemedifferentfromaspeechsound?4.Whyisspeechpriortowriting?5.Whycan’twedoawaywithChinesecharacters?VII.Foreachoftheunderlinedconstructionsorwordgroups,dothefollowing:(8%)a.Statewhetheritisheadedornon-headed.b.Ifnon-headed,stateitsheadword.c.Namethetypeofconstructions.1.Ducksquack.2.Isawabridgedamagedbeyondrepair.3.Heenjoysclimbinghighmountains4.Hishandsomefaceappearedinthemagazine.VIII. GiveadetaileddescriptionofFirth’stheoryofmeaning.(16%)IX.Giveanoverallaccountoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.(20%)