Unit11, Book 2 Teenager27s Nightmare 少年的噩梦-文档资料

Teenager’sNightmarebyLingLiUnit11Teenager’sNightmareWarming-upReadingLanguageinUseProjectCultureTipsHomeworkReadthefollowinginstructions,andexplainwhichoneisdirect(anexplicitcommand),whichoneisa“soft”command,andwhichoneiseven“softer”.Tom,closethedoor!Jane,canyouclosethedoor?Couldyoupleaseclosethedoor,Jack?Ifyouwerethepersonspokento,whichinstructiondoyoufeelmostacceptable?Warming-upInEnglish,asinotherlanguages,thetypesofvocabulary,structure,andtoneusedinconversationvarywiththesituation.Doyouobjecttocomingheretomorrowmorning?Doyoumindcomingheretomorrowmorning?Youaretocomeheretomorrowmorning.Youaresupposedtocomeheretomorrowmorning.Comeheretomorrowmorning!Youshould/oughttocomeheretomorrowmorning.Youmustcomeheretomorrowmorning.Howdothefollowingstatementsdifferinthedegreeofformality?IncreasinglyformalWouldIbetroublingyoutoomuchifIaskedyouto…?Iwaswonderingifyoucouldpossibly…?Wouldtherebeanypossibilityof…?Wouldyoubesokindasto…?Pleasebequiet,willyou?Bekindenoughto…Wouldyouplease…?Iwantyouto…Insmallgroups,listmorepatternsandexpressionsthatareusedtomakecommandsandrequests.Practiceinpairs,makingsimilarcommandsusingtellhimthetruth,bringyournotebooknexttime,inasmanydifferentwaysaspossible.PositiveResponsesYes/Sure/Allright.Certainly/Ofcourse.Byallmeans.Noproblem.It’sasnap.I’dbehappy/gladto.Mypleasure.Notatall/Ofcoursenot.No,Idon’tmindabit.(Inresponseto“Would/Doyoumind…?”)NegativeResponsesI’msorryIcan’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’dliketosayyes,butthat’sjustimpossible.I’drathernotifyoudon’tmind.Certainlynot!Sorry,itcan’tbedone/helped.Noway!RespondingtoDemandsWhataretheyfor?Key:f/b/h/a/d/c/g/e/iIfyouwanttolearnmoreKey:ProverbCanyouthinkofanyChineseproverbswiththesameorsimilarphilosophy?(一份耕耘，一份收获；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；一报还一报；梅花香自苦寒来。)Intermsofuniversitylife,forastudent,whatcanbeconsideredasapainandwhatasagain?PainsGains1._______________________1.__________________________2._______________________2.__________________________3._______________________3.__________________________4._______________________4.__________________________ReadingPre-readingTasksNoteReadingComprehensionTranslationComprehensionworkLanguagework(A/B/C)Doyoulikeschoolexaminations,whyandwhynot?Whatarethestagesofgoingthroughanexamination?Howdoyoufeelwhenyoutakeanexamination?Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeyourfeelings?apprehensivepanicnervousworriedexcitefrightenedamazedterriblejoyousscaredapprehensive:worriedornervousaboutsomethingthatyouaregoingtodo,oraboutthefuturee.g.IoftenfeelapprehensivewhenIampreparingforanexambecauseIdon’tknowifIwillpassitornot.readingAsoneofthemostimportantprocedureineducation,examsareaimedtoevaluatehowwellstudentshavelearntheirsubjects,nottomakethemsuffer.Butinreality,studentsareallafraidofexams.Theauthoranalyseswhythemostterribletimecomesatthebeginningandattheend.ComprehensionTeenager’sNightmarePara.11.Takingexamsmustbeoneofthemostfrighteningexperiencesthatanyonemustgothrough.Itisnotsomuchtheactualtakingoftheexamsthemselveswhichissoawful,althoughofcoursetheyplayagreatpartinthegeneralfeelingoffear;no,themostawfultimecomesatthebeginningandattheend.Para.11)gothrough:--experience,endureorsuffersth.经历，忍受或遭受某事物Hehasgonethroughabadtime.(他经历了一段糟糕的时期)　--（ofalaw,bill,etc)beofficiallyapprovedoraccepted(法律或法案等)正式被通过或接受Thebillwentthrough.法案通过了。--wearaholeinsth.磨穿某物--discussorstudysth.indetail仔细讨论、研究，审核某物--studyorexamininesth.closelyorsystematically,esp.inordertofindsth.仔细或系统地研究或检查，尤其是为了找到某物--takepartin，performsth.参加某事，履行某事--（ofabook）bepublishedinaspecifiednumberofedition.(指书)发行若干版--useuporconsumesth.用干或耗尽；做完某事Para.12)playapartin:playarolein起作用Writingplaysagreatpartintheexamination.写作在考试中起着很大作用。3)Translation:考试一定是任何人必须经过的最可怕的经历之一。考试本身并不是那么可怕，虽然它们是如此可怕，但是它们在通常的恐惧感中起着重要的作用；不，最可怕的时间是在开始和结束的时候。Para.21.Thebeginningisthetimewhenyouaremeanttorevise.Revisionisaterribletimebothifyoureviseandifyoudon't.1)revise:--(Bri.)gooverwhatalreadydoneinpreperationforanexamnation.复习（功课）--re-examinesth,esp.onordertocorrectorimproveit.校对，修改Para.22)bemeanttodosth:beintededtodosth.打算做某事ImeanttogotoTibetthissummerholiday.我打算今年暑假去西藏。3)Translation:开始是你打算复习的时间。你是否复习，复习都是一段可拍的时间。2.Ifyourevise,concentratingonapileofA4pagescoveredinyouruntidyhandwriting,yousuddenlywishnotonlythatyouhadwritteneverthingdownabitmoreclearly,butalsothatyouhadstartedrevisionalotearlier.1)concentrate(on):英['kɒnsntreɪt]美['kɑːnsntreɪt]　　v.专心；集中；浓缩n.浓缩物2)notonly...butalso...3)Translation:如果你全神贯注于一堆覆盖着你的潦草字体的A4纸进行复习的话，你突然希望自己把所有的东西记的更清楚一点儿，而且希望自己早一些复习。Para.23.However,onceresignedtothefactthatyoucannotputtheclockback,youprepareyourselfuptofullandthoroughrevision,putasideallelseinlife.1)resign:gveuponejoborposition辞职bedesignedtosth/doingsth.:bereadytoendureortolorate准备忍受或容忍某事resignedtothefact：acceptingthefact接受事实2)putaside:--placesthtooneside把某物放到一边--saveasumofmoneyforfutureuse存钱--disregard,ignoreorforgetsth.忽视或不再想3)giveyourselfupto  give oneself up to sth.：to devote (oneself) completelye.g. My mother is a teacher. She gives herself up to teaching.4)Translation:然而，一旦认识到无法使时光倒流的事实，你就准备全身心地投入复习，把别的任何事儿抛在一边。Para.24.Ofcourse,suchaharddecisionisabsolutelyimpossibletocarryout,althoughyoudotrytofoolyourselfthatyoucanundertakeiteasily.1)carryout:conduct实施2)although3)undertake:carryout实施4)Translation:当然，这样一个艰难的决定是绝对不可能实现的，尽管你竭尽全力自欺欺人地说这很容易地做的到。5.Youletyourattentionwanderawayeasily,findingyouhaveanirresistableurgetotidyupyourroomeventhoughithaslookedlikeapigstyinthelastthreemonths.1)wanderaway:(ofapersonorhismind)tobeinattentiveconfusedofdelorious(人或思想)走神，胡思乱想，神智混乱2)irresistible3)urge:n,冲动Para.24)haveasudden,irresistibleurgeto  have an urge to do:have a strong desireoran impulsetodoI had an urge to tell him the truth. But I held back.5)tidyup：收拾整齐6)Translation你很容易走神，会猛然间有一种不可抵挡的冲动要去整理房间，尽管三个月来这房间一直乱得像个猪圈。Para.31.Whenyouaretemptedawayfromyourstudyingbysuchstrangeamusements,youaremovingontotheterritoryofthesecondgroupconcerningrevision—thosewhoknowtheyneedandshouldgetdowntohardstudying,butsomehowhaveneithergotthedeterminationnorthewillpowertoforcethemselvestositdownforhoursonenddigestingthedelightsofpuremathematics.Para.31)betemptedawayfrom诱惑某人做某事  tempt sb away from: to attract sb. to do sth  more pleasant but unwise.A rival company has tried to tempt him away from his present job with more money.2)moveontotheterritoryof:move into the situation of    进入状况3)getdownto  give serious attention to认真对待,认真考虑 getdowntosth.It'stimewegotdowntowork.Weneedtogetdowntosomeserioustalking.getdowntodoingsomethingIalwaysfindithardtogetdowntorevising.4)onend:without stopping; continuously After the exam, he played computer games for hours on end.    Para.35)digestingthedelightsofpuremathematics  The narrator is being ironic in saying this. The abstract mathematics isprobably enjoyable only for mathematics geniuses rather than ordinary teenagers.6)Translation当你被这奇异的消遣搅和得无法学习时，你就正在步入第二类复习人员的圈子—它是指那些知道自己需要也应该认真刻苦地学习，但既无决心又无毅力迫使自己坐下来几小时不间断地去品尝纯数学的乐趣的那些人。2.Now,thissecondgroupinwhichwehaveallfoundourselvesfromtimetotimesufferthemostsevereguiltcomplexesovertheirlackofrevision.1)guilt complexes:A complex is a psychological or emotional problem. The person who suffers a complex is usually severely obsessed with a particular concern. In the text, the writer means that those who fail to work hard forPara.3 examinations would keep feeling guilty about their lack of willpower. The phrase is the author’s coinage out of the phrase: --Oedipus Complex恋母情结--Electra Complex恋父情结2)Translation:我们置身其中的这第二类人时常会因没能充分地复习而遭受负罪感的磨难。3.Althoughtheyareawarethattheyshouldbestudyingtheycannotsomehowbringthemselvestotheawfultask;temptationhaswonoverwhattheyknowtheyshouldbedoing,andinawaytheysufferfarmorethanthosewhoeventuallyfindthewillpoweranddeterminationtositdownandrevise.1)bring themselves to … task: persuade themselves to work on thetask 2)Translation:Para.3尽管他们很清楚自己应该学习却又不知怎么就是无法投身于这苦差事之中；诱惑战胜了使命，在某种程度上，他们遭受的苦难远比那些有毅力和决心坐下来复习的人多。Para.41.Theendoftheexamprocedure,whichisinsomecasesworsethantherevisionperiod,isawaitingtheresults.Whilewaitingyoucan'tdomuchaboutyourownschoolwork.1)await: (a more formal phrase): wait for2)比考前复习阶段更可怕的就是考试之后等待结果的日子。在等待的过程中，什么学习的事情你都干不成。Para.42.Youfeelthatitisveryhardtoresistthetemptationtolightafirewithallyournotebooksandfilesinsteadoflogs,butatthesametimeyoufeelthatyouhadbetterkeepallyournotessafeincaseyoudiscoveryouhavefailedandneedtore-takeallyoursubjects.1)Translate你发觉自己时时恨不得将所有的笔记本和文档纸付之一炬，但转而又觉得最好还是把它们保存下来以免考试不及格需要补考时还得用。3.Theworstdayofallistheonewhenyouknowthatthepostmanistodelivertheletter(alwaysinabrownenvelopetomakeitlookmoreofficialandfrightening)whichwillinformyouwhethertheacademicworld(andsocietyingeneral)considersyouafailureorasuccess,whetheryoucangetthejobyouwant,orgototheuniversityyouwishtoattend.最可怕的是你知道邮差给你送成绩单的那天（棕色的信封通常使它更官方，更恐惧），它会告诉你学术界（还有整个社会）是判你成功还是失败，告诉你能否找到理想的工作，或进入理想的大学。Para.44.Thatenvelopeistocontainthekeytoyourfutureand,perhapsmostimportantlyofall,toinformyouwhetheryouneedtosufferagainthehorrorsofexams.信封里装着通往你未来的钥匙，也许最重要的是，它告诉你是否还得再一次遭受考试的恐惧。devotewholeenergyto1.However,onceresignedtothefactthatyoucan’tputtheclockback,youpreparetogiveyourselfuptofullandthoroughrevision,puttingasideallelseinlife.paynoattentiontoacceptsth.unpleasantwithoutcomplaintDifficultSentencesmakeneat2.Youletyourattentionwanderawayeasily,findingyouhaveasudden,irresistibleurgetotidyupyourroom,eventhoughithaslookedlikeapigstyforthelastthreemonths.Youletyourattentionmoveawayfromrevisioneasily,andsuddenlyfeelastrongneedwhichishardtoresisttomakeyourroomneat,evenifithaslookedlikeapigstyforthelastthreemonth.strongwish/needmoveaway3.—thosewhoknowtheyneedandshouldgetdowntohardstudying,butsomehowhaveneithergotthedeterminationnorthewillpowertoforcethemselvestositdownforhoursonend(continously)digestingthedelightsofpuremathematics.—thosewhoknowtheyneedandshouldbegintoworkhardontheirstudy,butsomehowtheylackdeterminationandwillpowertoforcethemselvessittherecontinuouslyforhours,takingdelightindoingabstractmathematics.Thenarratorisbeingironicinsayingthis.Theabstractmathematicsisprobablyenjoyableonlyformathematicsgeniusesratherthanordinaryteenagers.begintoworkhardonsth.4.Now,thissecondgroupinwhichwehaveallfoundourselvesfromtimetotimesufferthemostsevereguiltcomplexesovertheirlackofrevision.Acomplexisapsychologicaloremotionalproblem.e.g.inferiority~,superiority~Thosewhofailtoworkhardforexaminationswouldkeepfeelingguiltyoflackingwillpowerforrevision.参考译文青少年的烦恼考试肯定是每个人经历过的最恐怖的事情之一。尽管考试是造成恐怖的重要因素，但它本身并不那么可怕；而考试前和考试后的时间才是最恐怖的。考试前指的是你得复习的时候。不管你复习不复习，它都让人难受。首先，如果复习的话，你得集中精力去看一堆写满潦草字迹的A4纸，你会突然希望自己当初真该把笔记记得清晰一点，还希望自己该早一点开始复习。但是，一旦接受了时间不可倒转的事实，你就得全身心投入到复习中去，把生活中的其它一切都抛到一边。尽管你可以自欺欺人地觉得这样做并不难，但事实上这么困难的复习是根本实施不了的。你很容易走神，会猛然间有一种不可抵挡的欲望要去整理房间，尽管三个月来这房间就一直乱得像个猪圈。当你被这奇异的消遣搅和得无法学习时，你就正在步入第二类复习人员的圈子—它是指那些知道自己需要也应该认真刻苦地学习，但既无决心又无毅力迫使自己坐下来几小时不间断地去品尝纯数学的乐趣的那些人。我们置身其中的这第二类人时常会因没能充分地复习而遭受负罪感的磨难。尽管他们很清楚自己应该学习却又不知怎么就是无法投身于这苦差事之中；诱惑战胜了使命，在某种程度上，他们遭受的苦难远比那些有毅力和决心坐下来复习的人多。比考前复习阶段更可怕的就是考试之后等待结果的日子。在等待的过程中，你干不成什么学习的事情。你发觉自己时时恨不得将所有的笔记本和文档纸付之一炬，但转而又觉得最好还是把它们保存下来以免考试不及格需要补考时还得用。最可怕的是你知道邮差给你送成绩报告单的那天（棕色的信封通常使它更官方，更恐惧），它会告诉你学术界（还有整个社会）是判你成功还是失败，告诉你能否找到理想的工作，或进入理想的大学。信封里装着通往你未来的钥匙，也许最重要的是，它告诉你是否还得再一次遭受考试的恐惧。ComprehensionworkA（P159）1.Whatarethetroublesforthosewhorevisebeforeexamination?Thosewhosetouttorevisealwayswishedthattheyhadstartrevisionalotearlier,andhadwritteneverythingabitmoreclearly.Besides,theyfindtherealwaysarethingswhichtaketheirattentionawayfromtheirwork.2.Whatismenatbythesentence“youcan'tputtheclockback”?Thewritermeansitisnouseregrettingthepoorhandwrittingandthelossoftime.3.Whatdoestheexpression“strangeamusements”referto?Itreferstothestudents'suddenurgetodothingsliketidyinguptheirroomsalthoughtheuntidyhavenotbotheredthemforalongtime.Thesubconconsciouspurposeistoputtheactualrevisionuntilthelasttime.（P159）4.Whatisthemainproblemfacedbythesecondgroup--thosewhodon'trevise?Themainproblemforthesecondgroupisthattheyhaveneitherthedeterminationnorthewillpowertobringthemselvestorevise,eventhoughtheyknowwhattheyshouldbedoing,sotheysufferthemostsevereguiltcomplexes.5.Whydoesthewriterhaveadesire“tolightafirewithallyournotebooksandfiles”?Whycan'thedothat?Becauseexaminationsareanightmaretotheteenagers,theywouldliketoputanendtothisnightmare.However,theycannotdosobecausetheyhavetore-taketheirsubjectsiftheyfail.6.Whydoestheletterinabrownenvelopeseemsoimportanttoanexaminee?Thelettercontainstheresultsofyourexamination,whichwilldecideyourfate:succeedinginstudy,gettingajob,goingtotheuniversityyouwishtoattend,orfailingtheexam.Languagework(P160)AFillinthefollowingblankswithwordsorphrasesfromthetext.1.Inrevision,someboyshavetrouble___________ontheirbooksand______.Theyalwaysfindsomethingnearbythatdistractstheirattention.Theyare________toglanceatthefootballmatchonthescreenorthesensationalstoriesinnewspapers.The__________issostrongthatitseemsalmost___________tomostboys.Theysimplydonothavethe_______________________togoonwiththeirstudy.Thebestwayistokeeptheminaroomfreefromanydistraction.Foramomenttheirattentionmaystill_________awayfromtheirwork.Butsoontheywould__________themselvestothefactthattheycoulddonothingexcept___________tobusiness.2.Asoneofthemostimportant__________ineducation,examsareaimedtoevaluatehowwellstudentshavelearnttheir__________,nottomakethem_____.concentratingfilestemptedtemptationirresistablewillpower/determinationwanderresignedgetdownproceduresubjectssufferLanguagework(P160)3.InBritain,educatingchildrenathomehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Manyparentsthinkthatschoolcurriculumandexamsthatallpupilshaveto_________donotsuiteachindividualchild.Theyworkoutparticularprograms__________theordinarybusinessofday-to-daylifeandrespondingtochildren'sinterestsandquestions.To____________theseprograms,parentsmakesomeadjustmentswhichenabletheirkidsto__________thecoursesmoreeasily.Thispracticeiscalled“EducationOtherwise”.4.InUS,highschoolgraduatesfirstapplyforadmissiontotheuniversitytheywishto_________.Theuniversity'sdecisionisbasedontheapplicants'___________performanceinhighschoolandtheirscoresofSAT(ScholasticAptitudeTest).gothroughconcerningcarryoutundertakeattendacademicLanguagework(P161)B.Rewritethefollowingsentencewiththewordsandexpressionsinthebox.1.EliasHowedevotedhiswholeenergytothedesignofasewingmachine.EliasHowegavehimselfuptothedesignofasewingmachine.2.Thesingerspecializesinclassicmusic.Popmusicisoutsidehisareaofinterest.Thesingerspecializesinclassicmusic.Popmusicisoutsidehisterritory.3.Armedwithmodernequipment,thepolicetookonthedifficultjoboflookingforthemissingboyinthewoods.4.Duetolackoffunds,thescientistsfounditdifficulttoputtheplanintooperation.5.Toysinbrightcolorsusuallyhaveastrongattractionforchildren.6.Youmayusethispolicehot-lineifitshouldhappenthatsomeonetriestobreakin.getdowntoterritoryundertaketemptationincasegiveoneselfuptoresignoneselftoonendanurgetodosomethingcarryoutundertookcarryouttheplanareatemptationtoincaseLanguagework(P161)7.Tiredofintensepublicity,themoviestarhasastrongdesiretoliveonadesertisland.8.Sade'sdebutalbumwassosuccessfulthatitstayedintheTopTenChartscontinouslyformonths.9.We'vespentsomuchtimetalking,nowlet'sbegintoworkhardontheproject.10.Thewomanacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevergetthecallfromtheman.CWordstudyb.(162)1.a.Hedidn'twanttomarryagainbecausehedidn'twanttogothroughallthatquarrellingandfighting.b.It'ssaidthatapersoncannotbematurewithoutgoingthroughsomehardships.c.Theboywentthroughhislecturenotesbeforetakingtheexam.2.a.Teachersaremeanttotreatthestudentsliketheirparentsdo.anurgeonendgetdowntoresignedherselftoWordstudyb.(P162)b.Soldiersaremeanttodefendtheircountrywhenitisintrouble.c.InJapan,peoplearemeanttotakeofftheirshoesbeforeenteringtheirhomes.3.a.Hehadasuddenurgetoridethehorse.b.Theoldman,lefealoneathomeallday,hadastrongurgetotalktosomeone.c.Thegirlwaitingimpatientlyhadanirresistibleurgetocallherboyfriend.4.a.Youhadbettertaketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.b.Beforethejointprojectbegins,everythinghastobewrittendownincaseanydisputearisesinthefuture.c.Youhadbetterputthelaptopawayincasethechildrentreatitlikeatoy.5.a.Concentratingonhismicroscope,thescientistmadeasuddendiscoveryofaneworganism.b.Concentratingonthenovelhewasreading,hebarelynoticedthatitwasgettingdarkoutside.c.WhenI'mhungry,Icannotconcentrateonmywork.6.a.Resignedtothefactthatshewasunabletowalkanymore,shelearnttouseawheelchair.b.IfinallyhavetoresignmyselftothefactthatIhavelostthejob,Ihavetofindanewone.Wordstudyb.(P162)c.Helookedcalmlyresignedtohisfate.Part3Extendedactivities1.Dictation:Thetermeducationhashadavarietyofdefinations.Thetraditionalviewofeducationisexpressedintheformalteachingactivitiesconductedinschoolsanduniversities.Abetterdefinitionisthateducationisalifelongprocessthatincludesbothformalschoolingandthebroadrangeofotherexperiences,includingtelevisionviewing,out-of-classactivities,andfamilyliving,thatusuallytakemoretimeandoftenhavemorepowerfulinfluencesthantheformalschoolingdoes.2.Readmore3Grammarwork(P166)1.Yououghtnottoseehimanymore.2.Youarenotsupposedtoplaytheballgamesintheclassroom.3.“It'sraining,youshould/oughttotaketheumbrellawithyou,”saidthemother.4.Theguestrequired,“Iwouldliketohaveanotherdrink”.5....,youmustn'tsmokecigarettesanymore.6.....system(should)bereformed.7....?Youshould/oughttohavebroughthertotheparty....8..../,couldyou...?9....,youshouldcallthepoliceimmediately,ok?4WordformationP1661.collision2.discussion3.revision4.temptation5.hesitation6.determination5.Vocabularywork(P167)1.terrifying,2.satisfieddecisionterrified3.surprisingastonished5.pleased6.depressed7.bored8.excited9.excitingthrilling10.interestingfascinating11.amused12.embarrassing6ClozeP167-168)1.skyscraper2.grounds3.arbiter4.in5.time6.couldn't7.drop8.formula9.measure10.shadow11.tie12.pendulum13.walk14.height15.scientific16.tell18.physicsYoumayrefertothecueslistedonpage160.1.Presentyourviewpointclearly;2.Defendyourviewpointreasonablywithsomeinstances;3.Rebutthecounterpart’spoint;4.Reaffirmyourviewpoint.Pros:Examsarenecessaryinstudy.Cons:Examsshouldbedoneawaywithastheyarenightmaresforstudents.Activity:Whatisyouropiniononexaminations?readingGrammarModalVerbs1、情态动词的语法特征　1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。　2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。　3）情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。　4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。2、比较can和beableto1）can/could表示能力、可能，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.2）只用beableto的情况：　a.位于助动词后　b.情态动词后　c.表示过去某时刻动作时　d.用于句首表示条件　e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。如：　　　HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.　　=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.　　Grammar3、比较may和might1）may和might表示允许或请求，表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。如：　　　MayGodblessyou!　　　Hemightbeathome.注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。2）may/mightaswell，后面接不带to的不定式，意为“不妨”。如：　　　Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.Grammar典型例　Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.　A.must　　B.may　C.can　D.will　B。表可能性只能用may，此句意可从后半句推出。Grammar4、比较haveto和must1)两词都是“必须”的意思，haveto表示客观需要，must表示说话人的主观看法，即主观上的必要。如：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。如：Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.DadsaidthatImustfinishmyhomeworkby10.Grammar3）在否定结构中：don’thaveto表示“不必”，mustn't表示“禁止”。如：Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。Grammar5、must表示推测　1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。　2)must表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。　　　Youhaveworkedhardallday,youmustbetired.　　　Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.　比较：Hemustbestayingthere.他现在肯定呆在那里。　　　Hemuststaythere.他必须呆在那。　Grammar　3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，接完成式。如：　　Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.　我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。　4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。如：　　---Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonecall?　　---Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn’thearit.　5)否定推测用can’t。如：　　IfTomdidn’tleavehereuntilfiveo’clock,hecan’tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。Grammar6、表示推测的用法　can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。　　表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。如：　　Idon'tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。　　表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。如：　　Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改。3）情态动词+动词完成时。　　表示对过去情况的推测。如：　　Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.　　地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。Gr