雅思测试题

薀Listening袅SECTION1Questions1-10莂Questions1-6薂Completethenotesbelow虿WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.芆Dreamtimetravelagency肄Tourinformation莁Example蝿Holidayname蚇Holidaylength肀Typeoftransportation袄Maximumgroupsize衿Nexttourdate芅HotelnameAnswerWhaleWatchExperience蒂2days衿1...........................芄2..........................罿3..........................蚁4The..........................袂Questions5and6罿ChooseTwolettersA-E蚅WhichTwothingsareincludedinthepriceofthetour?莃Afishingtrip蚀Bguidedbushwalk聿Creptileparkentry肆Dtabletennis袁Etennis葿Questions7-10腿Completethesentencesbelow膃WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer薃7Thetourcosts$..........................膈8Bookingsmustbemadenolaterthan..........................daysinadvance.艿9A..........................depositisrequired..薄10Thecustomer’sreferencenumberis..........................羁SECTION2Questions11-20芁Questions11-15莈Completethetablebelow羅WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer螃TYPEOFHELP羀EXAMPLES蒈FINANCIAL莆Grants膁11..........................蝿12..........................蒈Childcare螇Nurseries袃ACADEMIC螂13..........................薈Usingthelibrary蚄15..........................袄14..........................薁Questions16-20蚈Completethenotesbelow芄WriteNUMBERSORNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer肂HELPLINEDETAILS荿Officer螈Jackle16..........................蚅Address螄StudentWelfareOffice膈13MarshallRoad袈Telephonenumber肆17..........................节Openinghours膁9:30am-6pm(weekdays)羈18..........................(Saturdays)芃Ringorvisitofficefor19..........................羄N.B.ATpeaktimestheremaybea羀20....................................................肇SECTION3Questions21-30蚄Questions21-24莂Completethenotesbelow袀蒈虿WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.袃DETAILSOFASSIGNMENT螁Part1EssayTitle:‘Assessthetwomainmethodsof21..........................Insocialscienceresearch’羃Part2Small-scalestudy膂Chooseonemethod.莈Gatherdatafromatleast23..........................subjects.芇Part3Reportonstudy肃Numberofwords:24..........................薃Questions25and26聿ChooseTWOlettersA-E羅WhatTWOdisadvantagesofthequestionnaireformofdatacollectiondothestudentsdiscuss?肃AThedataissometimesinvalid蝿BToofewpeoplemayrespond蒇CItislesslikelytorevealtheunexpected螄DItcanonlybeusedwithliteratepopulations膃EThereisadelaybetweenthedistributionandreturnofquestionnaires膀Questions27-30腿Completethetablebelow螇WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.芃AUTHOR薁TITLE蚇PUBLISHER薆YEAROFPUBLICATION莂羂‘SampleSurveys27..........................inSocialScienceResearch’荿Bell莅莃28..........................29..........................蒂..........................袇..........................莈Wilson薂‘Interviewsthat蒀Oxford蕿30..........................work’UniversityPress膇Reading蚂YouShouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40.WhicharebasedonReadingPassage3below袁Thetopicsdiscussedincludedtheco-ordinatedstudyofthedestructionofforests,aswellashowtocombatforestfiresandtheextensionofEuropeanresearchprogramsontheforestecosystem.Thepreparatoryworkfortheconferencehadbeenundertakenattwomeetingsofexperts.TheirinitialtaskwastodecidewhichofthemanyforestproblemsofconcerntoEuropeinvolvedthelargestnumberofcountriesandmightbethesubjectofjointaction.Thoseconfinedtoparticulargeographicalareas,suchascountriesborderingtheMediterraneanortheNordiccountriesthereforehadtobediscarded.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatinfuturetheywillbeignored.芁Asawhole,Europeancountriesseeforestsasperformingatriplefunction:biological,economicandrecreational.Thefirstistoactasa'greenlung'forourplanet;bymeansofphotosynthesis,forestsproduceoxygenthroughthetransformationofsolarenergy,thusfulfillingwhatforhumansistheessentialroleofanimmense,non-pollutingpowerplant.Atthesametime,forestsproviderawmaterialsforhumanactivitiesthroughtheirconstantlyrenewedproductionofwood.Finally,theyofferthosecondemnedtospendfivedaysaweekinanurbanenvironmentanunrivalledareaoffreedomtounwindandtakepartinarangeofleisureactivities,suchashunting,ridingandhiking.Theeconomicimportanceofforestshasbeenunderstoodsincethedawnofman-woodwasthefirstfuel.Theotheraspectshavebeenrecognisedonlyforafewcenturiesbuttheyarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Hence,thereisarealconcernthroughoutEuropeaboutthedamagetotheforestenvironmentwhichthreatensthesethreebasicroles.Themythofthe'natural'foresthassurvived,yetthereareeffectivelynoremaining'primary'forestsinEurope.AllEuropeanforestsareartificial,havingbeenadaptedandexploitedbymanforthousandsofyears.Thismeansthataforestpolicyisvital,thatitmusttranscendnationalfrontiersandgenerationsofpeople,andthatitmustallowfortheinevitablechangesthattakeplaceintheforests,inneeds,andhenceinpolicy.TheStrasbourgconferencewasoneofthefirsteventsonsuchascaletoreachthisconclusion.Ageneraldeclarationwasmadethat'acentralplaceinanyecologicallycoherentforestpolicymustbegiventocontinuityovertimeandtothepossibleeffectsofunforeseenevents,toensurethatthefullpotentialoftheseforestsismaintained'.Thatgeneraldeclarationwasaccompaniedbysixdetailedresolutionstoassistnationalpolicy-making.Thefirstproposestheextensionandsystematisationofsurveillancesitestomonitorforestdecline.Forestdeclineisstillpoorlyunderstoodbutleadstothelossofahighproportionofatree'sneedlesorleaves.Theentirecontinentandthemajorityofspeciesarenowaffected:between30%and50%ofthetreepopulation.Theconditionappearstoresultfromthecumulativeeffectofanumberoffactors,withatmosphericpollutantstheprincipalculprits.Compoundsofnitrogenandsulphurdioxideshouldbeparticularlycloselywatched.However,theireffectsareprobablyaccentuatedbyclimaticfactors,suchasdroughtandhardwinters,orsoilimbalancessuchassoilacidification,whichdamagestheroots.ThesecondresolutionconcentratesontheneedtopreservethegeneticdiversityofEuropeanforests.Theaimistoreversethedeclineinthenumberoftreespeciesoratleasttopreservethe'geneticmaterial'ofallofthem.AlthoughforestfiresdonotaffectallofEuropetothesameextent,theamountofdamagecausedtheexpertstoproposeasthethirdresolutionthattheStrasbourgconferenceconsidertheestablishmentofaEuropeandatabankonthesubject.Allinformationusedinthedevelopmentofnationalpreventativepolicieswouldbecomegenerallyavailable.Thesubjectofthefourthresolutiondiscussedbytheministerswasmountainforests.InEurope,itisundoubtedlythemountainecosystemwhichhaschangedmostrapidlyandismostatrisk.Athinlyscatteredpermanentpopulationanddevelopmentofleisureactivities,particularlyskiing,haveresultedinsignificantlong-termchangestothelocalecosystems.Proposeddevelopmentsincludeapreferentialresearchprogramonmountainforests.ThefifthresolutionrelaunchedtheEuropeanresearchnetworkonthephysiologyoftrees,calledEurosilva.EurosilvashouldsupportjointEuropeanresearchontreediseasesandtheirphysiologicalandbiochemicalaspects.Eachcountryconcernedcouldincreasethenumberofscholarshipsandotherfinancialsupportfordoctoralthesesandresearchprojectsinthisarea.Finally,theconferenceestablishedtheframeworkforaEuropeanresearchnetworkonforestecosystems.Thiswouldalsoinvolveharmonisingactivitiesinindividualcountriesaswellasidentifyinganumberofpriorityresearchtopicsrelatingtotheprotectionofforests.TheStrasbourgconference'smainconcernwastoprovideforthefuture.Thiswastheinitialmotivation,onenowsharedbyall31participantsrepresenting31Europeancountries.Theirfinaltextcommitsthemtoon-goingdiscussionbetweengovernmentrepresentativeswithresponsibilityforforests.Questions27-33DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?Inboxes27-33onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis27ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedatthenextmeetingofexperts.28ProblemsinNordiccountrieswereexcludedbecausetheyareoutsidetheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.29Forestsarearenewablesourceofrawmaterial.30Thebiologicalfunctionsofforestswererecognisedonlyinthetwentiethcentury.31NaturalforestsstillexistinpartsofEurope.32Forestpolicyshouldbelimitedbynationalboundaries.33TheStrasbourgconferencedecidedthataforestpolicymustallowforthepossibilityofchange.Questions34-39Lookatthefollowingstatementsissuedbytheconference.Whichsixofthefollowingstatements,A-J,refertotheresolutionsthatwereissued?Matchthestatementswiththeappropriateresolutions(Questions34-39).Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes34-39onyouranswersheet.Allkindsofspeciesoftreesshouldbepreserved.Fragilemountainforestsshouldbegivenpriorityinresearchprograms.ThesurvivingnaturalforestsofEuropedonotneedprioritytreatment.Researchistobebetterco-ordinatedthroughoutEurope.Informationonforestfiresshouldbecollectedandshared.Lossofleavesfromtreesshouldbemoreextensivelyandcarefullymonitored.Resourcesshouldbeallocatedtoresearchintotreediseases.Skiingshouldbeencouragedinthinlypopulatedareas.Soilimbalancessuchasacidificationshouldbetreatedwithcompoundsofnitrogenandsulphur.Informationistobesystematicallygatheredonanydeclineintheconditionofforests.34Resolution135Resolution236Resolution337Resolution438Resolution539Resolution6Question40Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.Writethecorrectletterinbox40onyouranswersheet.40WhatisthebesttitleforReadingPassage3?AThebiological,economicandrecreationalroleofforestsBPlanstoprotecttheforestsofEuropeCThepriorityofEuropeanresearchintoecosystemsDProposalsforaworld-widepolicyonforestmanagementWritingTask2Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:Manypeoplethinkhavingenoughmoneybringhappinessbutothersthinktoomuchmoneycanbringproblems.Doyouagreeordisagree?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.