2019高考英语说明文篇章解读

AnalyzingtheStructureofExpositoryEssays高三英语说明文语篇结构授课教师：谢岑指导老师：兰郑勇FuzhouGezhiMiddleSchool福州格致中学What'sisit?topic？？whenwhywhathowExpositoryessayWhatisanexpositoryessay?AnExpositoryEssayiswrittenforthepurposeofclassifying,explainingandinformingf______otherpeople’svieworreportingaboutaneventorsituation.fairlywithoutprejudiceDifferenttypesofexpositoryessay.DescriptiveessayCompare&ContrastessayProcessessayProblem&SolutionessayCause&Effectessay-Whatisthetopic?Thesmartkeyboard-Whichtypeofessaydoesitbelongto?Descriptiveessay-Canyoupredictwhatwillbedescribed?FirstreadingUnderlinethetopicsentenceofeachparagraphTips:a.(ageneralstatement)intheb________;b.(ac_________)intheend;c.(atransition)after“however、____，_____，______…”;d.(aresearchresult)after“found,_______,____,_______…”;Atopicsentenceisastatementthattellswhatyourparagraphwillbeabout.SecondreadingbeginningconclusionbutthoughbesidesshowedsaidindicatedAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword＂touch＂fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.thoughsaydoesn'taren’tsayaffirmativetonePara1:Whydoyouthinktheauthormentionthe“presenttechnology”?Para2:Canyoupredictwhattheauthorwilltalkaboutafterintroducingtheterm“smartkeyboard”?Para3:Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposebyusingtheword“familiar”?Para4:Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytalkingabout“market”?exploreAtpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.theyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboardItalsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.thekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.PresenttechnologystillexpensiveLow-costdevicesolvetheproblemBefamiliartopeopleWillbeputintomarketsoontopicsentenceskeyinfomationfunctionsproblemsolutionadvantagefuturei____s___C_________introducesupportConcludeTointroducewhyyouaretalkingaboutitTopresentwhatyouareexplainingToconcludewhatdifferenceitmakesTosupportyourthesisstatementAthesisstatementoffersasummaryofthemainidea.introductiontopicsupportingpartconclusionreasons,examples,statistics,quotes,steps...ExpositoryManIntroductionTopicBodyParagraphsConclusionthesisstatement1.1Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.1.2Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Challenge:ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.generalstatementThuscauseeffectParagraph2:1.1Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.1.2Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.1.3Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.1.4Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.Challenge:Justaseverytypingpattermisunique,sodoeseveryExpositoryman.Theycanbe…ExploreStep1:Locatethetopicsentences;Step2:Pickoutthekeyinformation;Step3:Explorethefunctionofeachparagraph;Step4:Drawtheexpositoryman;Step5:Comparenoteswithyourpartner.Readthepreviewedtextsagain,andre-designyourmindmaps—FindoutmoretypesofExpositoryMenSteps:Sharewithyourgroupmembers:1.HowyouconstructyourExpositoryMan2.HowithelpstoworkoutthemultiplechoicequestionsSentencestructures:-Themainideaofthearticleis...;-Itcanbedividedinto...parts;-Tobeginwith,the...paragraphintroducedthetopicby...;-Then,the...paragraphtook...as...tosupportthetopic;-Finally,theauthordrewaconclusionby...;（2019江苏卷B篇）1.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone？A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano.2.Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout？A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blow-up"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean？A.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.C.Bigphotograph.D.Bird'sview.2019江苏卷B篇Para3:JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.(2019全国二卷C篇)4.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.5.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.6.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）."Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,"hesaid."It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan."2019全国2卷C篇Para4:(2016全国一卷D篇)8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.9.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.10.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.11.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold(2017全国一卷D篇)12.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex..D.It’sportable.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.14.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.15.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheetThesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.2017全国一卷D篇Para4:Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformaconewith45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformaconewith45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.describingtheprocess(BuildingaSolarStill2017全国一卷D）givingexamples(DifferentDeaningsofSilence2016全国一卷D)usingquotes(theTrendofEatingAlone2019全国二卷C)classifyingdifferentsubjects(FindingtheVolcano2019江苏卷B)TipA：Supportingpartscanbe…TipB:Linkingwordstellusalot.Keyinformationoftenliesafter“but“or“however”.(19江苏B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圆锥体)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(岩浆)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.TipC:Everystudy,report,surveyorresearchexpectsa“found,showed,saidorrealized…”whichusuallyunveilsthethesisstatement.(19江苏B)JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.(19全国二C)Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.TipD:Whathavewelearnedtoday?1.“ExpositoryMan”2.howitcanhelptosolvethepuzzlesExploretwomorepassageswith“ExpositoryMan”andfinishtheexercises.Assignment