英语专业综合教程2unit-13-Focus-on-global-warmingPPT优秀课件

Unit13FocusonglobalwarmingWarm-up1.    Whatdoyouknowaboutglobalwarming?Whatisthecauseofglobalwarming?2.    WhatchangescouldthegreenhouseeffectcreateintheEarth’sclimate?3.Whatcanwedotodealwiththegreenhouseeffect?1.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalproblemsintoday’sworld?2.Whatiscausingtheenvironmentalproblems?3.Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?1.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalproblemsintoday’sworld?airpollutionwaterpollutionforestsdisappearing/deforestationfarmlandshrinkingnoisegreenhouseeffect2.Whatiscausingtheenvironmentalproblems?vehiclesgivingoffharmfulgasesfactoriesemittinggasesmachinesandvehiclesmakingalotofnoiseuncontrolledcuttingdownthetreesmassiveuseoffertilizerandpesticidebuildings,factoriesandotherfacilitiesoccupyingfarmlandspeopledumpinggarbageeverywhere3.Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?sparenatureresourcespreventwastewaterfrombeingreleasedfromfactoriesrecyclemakelessnoiseplantmoretreesmakelawstoprotectourenvironmentusecleanenergyresourcesinventnewcleanmaterialsEnvironmentalprotectionorganizationsGreenPartyaBritishpoliticalpartythataimstoprotecttheenvironment.Itisagainsttheuseofnuclearpowerandotherformsofindustryandtransportwhichitconsidersharmful.Itwasformedin1973astheEcologyParty,andchangeditsnametotheGreenPartyin1985.Othercountriesalsohavepartiesthatsharethesamenameandideals.alargeinternationalpressuregroupthataimstoprotecttheenvironment.Itsmembersarewell-knowfortakingdirectactionandputtingtheirownlivesindangerinordertostoppeoplefromharmingtheenvironment.Forexample,theyoftengooutinsmallboatstostoppeoplefromkillingwhalesorthrowingpoisonousmaterialsintothesea.aUSgovernmentorganizationthatestablishedrulesandstandardsforprotectingtheenvironment,e.g.againstpollution.Greenpeace:TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA):MyThoughtsonEnvironmentalProtectionWhenfacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblem,manypeopleseemtobelievethatwehaveto________eithereconomicprosperityorenvironmentalprotection.Inmyview,thisisa_____choice.Ithinkthateconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioncanandmustcoexist.Itistruethatdevelopmenthas_________withitanumberofenvironmentalproblems,suchasairpollution,water________andacidrain,butatthesametimemodernindustryandcommercehavegreatly_________ourlives.Fewwouldwishtolivewithoutthe__________oftelevision,automobiles,computersetc.Tostop____________ourindustryandcommerceforthesakeofnaturealoneispure_____________.Ofcourse,wecan’talloweconomicgrowthtogoonatthe________oftheenvironment,either.Whenahealthyenvironmentisgone,everythingthatourlife_________onisgone,too.Sowemustprotecttheenvironment–notforthesakeofenvironmentalone,butforthesakeofman.choosefalsebroughtshortagesimprovedbenefitsdevelopingsentimentalismexpensedependsListentotheVOASpecialEnglishEnvironmentReportonastudyofozone,andchoosethebestanswerbasedontheinformationyouhear.MontrealProtocol蒙特利尔Chlorofluorocarbons(C-F-C)氯氟碳化合物coolant冷冻剂device装置stratosphere(气)同温层，最上层1.Whatisthefunctionofozone?A.protectusfromradiationfromthesunB.useasdisinfects(消毒剂)C.purifytheair2.Theresearchwasbasedontheinformationgatheredby_____?A.satellitesB.equipmentonEarthC.Both3.Thefindingsoftheresearchshowsthat_______.A.lossofozoneslowsB.theozonelayerhasrecoveredC.ozoneisgainedintheatmosphere4.WhichisNOTTRUEabouttheMontrealProtocol?A.Itrestrictstheuseofanumberofchemicalswhichdestroyozone.B.Itisaninternationaltreatyfrom1930s.C.ItisworkingbyreducingC-F-Cpollution.scriptThisisBobDoughtywiththeVOASpecialEnglishEnvironmentReport.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavereportedsomegoodnewsabouttheozoneintheatmosphere.Recentfindingssuggestthatthedestructionofozonebypollutionisslowing.Ozoneisaformofoxygen.ItspresenceaboveEarthprotectsusfromradiationfromthesun.Inonestudy,researchersexaminedinformationgatheredbyNASAspaceagencysatellitesandbyequipmentonEarth.Thefindings?InthewordsofMichaelNewchurchoftheUniversityofAlabama:"Thisisthebeginningofarecoveryoftheozonelayer."MisterNewchurchledthestudy.Hesaystheatmospherewaslosingabouteightpercentoftheozonelayerperten-yearperiodsincethelatenineteen-seventies.Inthelastfiveyears,though,thatrateoflosshasdroppedbyhalf.Hesaystheatmosphereshouldstarttogainozonebeforelong.Hesaysafullrecovery,however,isaboutfiftyyearsaway,aslongastheMontrealProtocolremainsinplace.Thatisaninternationaltreatyfromnineteen-eighty-seventorestoretheozonelayer.Thetreatyrestrictstheuseofanumberofchemicalsthatdestroyozone,likechlorofluorocarbons,orC-F-C's.WideuseofC-F-C'sbeganinthenineteen-thirties.Theybecamepopularcoolantsindevicessuchasrefrigeratorsandairconditioners.C-F-C'sremainintheatmosphereforyears.MisterNewchurchsaysthestudyprovidesevidencethattheMontrealProtocolisworkingbyreducingC-F-Cpollution.Butthestudyfoundtheozoneimprovementonlyintheupperstratosphere.Thescientistshavenotyetseenevidenceofsimilarchangesinthelowerstratosphere.Thatholdsmostoftheprotectiveozone.GlobalstudyStructureanalysisPartI:PartIIpara3-4thecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Para5-6theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechanges.Para7thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival.PartIIIWritingstyleExpositoryprose/expositionIntroducesthephenomenonofglobalwarmingandtheactionwecouldtakewithscientificstatistics,clearstructureandprecisediction1.(Para1-2)makesupthe1stpartwhichservesastheintroductionofthewholepassage.Theauthormentionshowglobalwarming,whichusedtoatopicofacademicjournals,hasbecomeamatterofincreasingpublicconcern.Thisconcernisjustifiedbypublicfearsabouttheconsequencesofglobalwarming.DetailstudyDetailstudyQuestion:whyhavepeopleshownincreasingconcernaboutglobalwarming?Answer:itisaharbingerofwhattocome----thethreattolow-lyingnations,changeofrainanddroughtpatterns,frequenthurricanesandintenseElNinos.Languagework1.perusetoreadthroughcarefully.Eg.Weperusedthecompany'sfinancialstatementsforthepastfiveyears...Haveyouperusedthearticle?periodical(1)n.Periodicalsaremagazines,especiallyseriousoracademicones,thatarepublishedatregularintervals.Theperiodicalisobtainableontheveryfirstdayofeverymonth.(2)adj.Periodicaleventsorsituationshappenoccasionally,atfairlyregularintervals.Shemadeperiodicalvisitstoherdentist.=periodicTwenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelocallibraryandperusedthe…warming.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyougotolocallibraryandreadsomemagazinescarefullyforcertainpassagesconcerningtheissueofglobalwarming.abstract1)n.Anabstractofanarticle,document,orspeechisashortpieceofwritingthatgivesthemainpointsofit.=summary2)adj.Anabstractideaorwayofthinkingisbasedongeneralideasratherthanonrealthingsandevents....abstractprinciplessuchasjustice...It'snotaquestionofsomeabstractconcept.=theoretical3)adj.Ingrammar,anabstractnounreferstoaqualityoridearatherthantoaphysicalobject....abstractwordssuchasglory,honor,andcourage.hard-core1)adj.Oftenderogativeverystronglyfollowingaparticularbelieforactivity,andunlikelytochangee.g.hard-coreoppositiontothegovernment与政府势不两立的反对派ahard-corecriminaltype一名死不悔改的罪犯2)adj.Showingordescribingsexualactivityinaveryopenanddetailedway.Hard-corepornography赤裸裸的色情作品Hardcoren.oftenderogativethesmallcentralgroupthattakesthemostactivepartwithinalargergroupororganization.Thehardcoreofpartyactivistsmake/makesallthedecisions.党的积极分子中的中坚力量制定全部决策。blurbTheblurbaboutanewbook,film,orexhibitionisinformationaboutitthatiswritteninordertoattractpeople'sinterest.esotericIfyoudescribesomethingasesoteric,youmeanitisknown,understood,orappreciatedbyonlyasmallnumberofpeople.(FORMAL)...esotericknowledge....aspoiledaristocratwithpretentiousairsandesoterictastes....you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.Maybeyoucanfindsummarizingpartofsomepassagesfromafewmostauthoritativesciencejournalsorsomeintroductoryarticlesaboutglobalwarmingfromunintelligiblemagazineconcerningthefieldofgeography.attestToattestsomethingorattesttosomethingmeanstosay,show,orprovethatitistrue.(FORMAL)Policerecordsattesttohislonghistoryofviolence...Icanpersonallyattestthatthecoldandfluseasonishere...Asaninternetsearchonglobalwarmingnowattests,thesubjecthasbecomeasrootedinourpublicconsciousnessasMadonnaormicrowavecookingAsInternetsearchonglobalwarmingprovesthatthesubjectshasgotfixedinpeople’smind,justlikeMadonnaormicrowavecooking.Madonna:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XOTMyNDIzMg==_rss.htmlasteroidAnasteroidisoneoftheverysmallplanetsthatmovearoundthesunbetweenMarsandJupiter.Withthepossible…threattoourplanet.GlobalwarmingwillprobablybethemostseriousthreattoourEarth,ifwedonottakeintoaccountsomeotherpossibleincidents,suchasanotherworldwar,collisionofourEarthwithsomelargeorbitingplanets,orspreadofincurabledisease.Paraphrasespew1)Whensomethingspewsoutasubstanceorwhenasubstancespewsfromsomething,thesubstanceflowsoutquicklyinlargequantities.Thevolcanospewedoutmorescorchingvolcanicashes,gasesandrocks...Leakingoilspewedfromthetanker...2)VERBIfsomeonespewsorspewsup,theyvomit.(INFORMAL)Fordecadeshumanfactoriesandcarshavespewed…Inthepastyears,thereisalargeamountofwastegasesdischargedintotheair.harbingerSomethingthatisaharbingerofsomethingelse,especiallysomethingbad,isasignthatitisgoingtohappen.(LITERARY)TheNovemberairstungmycheeks,aharbingerofwinter.Thecrowingofthecockisaharbingerofdawn.鸡啼报晓。Thecuckooisaharbingerofspring.布谷鸟预告春天的来临。curbIfyoucurbsomething,youcontrolitandkeepitwithinlimits....advertisementsaimedatcurbingthespreadofAids...Curbisalsoanoun.Hecalledformuchstrictercurbsonimmigration.Ifyoucurbanemotionoryourbehavior,youkeepitundercontrol.Hecurbedhistemper...=check,restrainemissionAnemissionofsomethingsuchasgasorradiationisthereleaseofitintotheatmosphere.(FORMAL)Theemissionofgasessuchascarbondioxideshouldbestabilizedattheirpresentlevel...Sulfuremissionsfromsteelmillsbecomeacidrain.awashadj.Ifthegroundorafloorisawash,itiscoveredinwater,oftenbecauseofheavyrainorastheresultofanaccident.Thebathroomfloorwasawash.Ifaplaceisawashwithsomething,itcontainsalargeamountofit.This,afterall,isacompany,whichisawashwithcash.Ifwedon’tcurbourgreenhousegasemission,…Ifwecanstopthegivingoffofpoisonousgases,thenthenationslyingclosetowaterorgroundlevelcouldbecoveredwithseawater.ElNinointenseIntenseisusedtodescribesomethingthatisverygreatorextremeinstrengthordegree.Histhreatsbecomemoreintense,agitated,andfrequent.Ifyoudescribeanactivityasintense,youmeanthatitisveryseriousandconcentrated,andofteninvolvesdoingagreatdealinashorttime.Thebattleforthirdplacewasintense...Ifyoudescribethewaysomeonelooksatyouasintense,youmeanthattheylookatyouverydirectlyandseemtoknowwhatyouarethinkingorfeeling.Ifeltsoself-consciousunderLuke'smother'sintensegaze...Ifyoudescribeapersonasintense,youmeanthattheyappeartoconcentrateveryhardoneverythingthattheydo,andtheyfeelandshowtheiremotionsinaveryextremeway.Iknowhe'sanintenseplayer,buthedoesenjoywhathe'sdoing...PartII:ourwarmingplanetPara3thecauseoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Question:whatarecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegases?Answers:theemissionofcarbondioxidefromourpowerplantsandcars,productionofmethanefromourtrashdecompositionandcattle-breeding,andreleaseofnitrogenoxidefromourfertilizer.Whathasworriedmanypeople…Somethingmakespeopleworriednowisinthepast250yearshumanbeingsthemselveshaveemittedsolargequantityofpoisonousgaseswhichincreasethedensityofgreenhousegasesintheair.spitoutflowoutsuddenlyandviolentlyThenursetellthechildtospitoutthestone.护士叫孩子把果核吐出来。 decomposeWhenthingssuchasdeadplantsoranimalsdecompose,orwhensomethingdecomposesthem,theychangechemicallyandbegintodecay....adeadbodyfounddecomposinginawood...Thefertilizerreleasesnutrientsgraduallyasbacteriadecomposeit.=rot,decaylandfillLandfillisamethodofgettingridofverylargeamountsofrubbishbyburyingitinalargedeephole....theenvironmentalcostsoflandfill.Alandfillisalargedeepholeinwhichverylargeamountsofrubbishareburied.Therubbishinmodernlandfillsdoesnotrot.breed1)v.ofanimalstoproduceyoung.Someanimalswillnotbreediftheyarekeptincages.Fig.Usu.DerogativeThesepeoplebreedlikerabbits.(=havealotofchildren)2)tocause(ausu.undesirableconditionorfeeling)todevelop;produce.e.g.Fliesanddirtbreeddisease.苍蝇和污物会引起疾病。Allthisuncertaintybreedsinsecurity.这样变来变去使人产生不安全感。Theyopposecorporalpunishmentbecausetheybelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.他们反对体罚，因为他们相信暴力只会招致暴力。herdAherdisalargegroupofanimalsofonekindthatlivetogether....largeherdsofelephantandbuffalo.belchIfsomeonebelches,theymakeasuddennoiseintheirthroatbecauseairhasrisenupfromtheirstomach.Garlandcoveredhismouthwithhishandandbelcheddiscreetly.Belchisalsoanoun.Hedrankandstifledabelch.Para4.Explainshowtherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesresultsinclimatechange.QuestionHowdoestherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasescausethechangeinclimate?Answer:Therisingconcentrationofgreenhousegases,whichisprimarilycausedbyhighlevelscarbondioxideandmethaneintheatmosphere,istrappingexcessheat(fromthesun)andpreventsitfromleavingtheEarth,henceglobalwarming.thermalThermalmeansrelatingtoorcausedbyheatorbychangesintemperature....thermalpowerstations.热电站热力发电站火力发电站Inessence,thesegases…thatentersacar.Virtually,thesegasesstopexcessheatintheearth’satmospherejustlikethewindshieldstopssolarenergygettingintoacar.Inessence:basically,fundamentally,essentiallyThetwoargumentsareinessencethesame.Para5—6theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechanges.MuchoftheavailableappeartobackthesefearsMuchofthepresentclimatedataappeartobeevidenceinsupportofourfear.glacierAslowly-movingmassorriveroficeformedbytheaccumulationandcompactionofsnowonmountainsornearthepolesrecessionArecessionisaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisdoingbadly,forexamplebecauseindustryisproducinglessandmorepeoplearebecomingunemployed.TheoilpriceincreasessentEuropeintodeeprecession.Readingsgathered…continentalglacier.Theinformationgatheredfromglaciersshowaconstantrecedingofworld’sglacierssoncontinent.speculateIfyouspeculateaboutsomething,youmakeguessesaboutitsnatureoridentity,oraboutwhatmighthappen.Thereadercanspeculatewhatwillhappennext.n.speculationTheyhavemuchspeculationoverthecauseoftheaircrash.Hemakessomeunprofitablespeculations. 他在做些无利可图的投机生意。Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethat…fewercooldays.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanyscientistsreasonoutthechangesintheclimatewillpossiblycausehotterdaysandfewercooldays.exceedtobegreaterthan,asinquantityordegree.American’schemicalexportsaretoexceedimportsthisyear.Accordingtothelawofthiscountry,workinghoursmustnotexceed42hoursaweek.Theseregionscouldexceedmeanglobalwarmingbyasmuchas40percentTheseareascouldsurpasstheaverageglobalwarmingindexbyalmost40percent.Para7thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival.matchingdamageordiseasewithclimatechangesSlightincreaseinheatandrainModerateriseinsealevelMoreintenserainandhurricanesHottersummersandwarmertemperaturesacrosstheglobeAnincreaseinvectordiseasesuchasmalariaThreattothecoastlineoflow-lyingislandsSeverfloodingandmoredeathsMorecasesofheartstrokeanddeaths;morehospitaladmissionsforthosewithrespiratoryproblemsAsfarashumanhealthisconcerned,…inclimate.Intermsofhumanhealth,itisthosewholiveinthepoorercountriesthatwillsuffermost,becausetheydonothavemoneytoprotectthemselvesagainstclimatechange.Asfarassth/sbisconcerned:Theriseininterestrateswillbedisastrousasfarasfirmsareconcerned.Thecarisfineasfarastheengineisconcernedbutthebodyworkneedsalotofattention.Spark(off)togiveoutsparks;tostimulateoractivateEventhesmallestdiplomaticincidentcanspark(off)amajorinternationalconflict.Riots,sparkedoffbythearrestofsevenstudentleaders,havespreadtootheruniversities.Aslightincreaseinheatandrain…suchasmalaria.Asmallincreaseofheatandrainintheareaornearequatormightcauseanincreaseofthespreadingofdiseasecausedbydisease-causingmicroorganismcarriedbymosquitoandsoon,suchasmalariaAllacrosstheglobe,…whoarevulnerable.Intheworld,manyweakpeoplewillloselivesorsufferfromheatstrokecausedbythetemperaturerisinginsummers.(Para8-10)theauthorbringsouthissuggestions---whattobedonetoslowdownglobalwarming.Hissuggestionincludessomeactions(Para8),somestrategiestoreducetheimpact(Para9)andsomelong-termpolices(Para10).Para8-10Questions1.whataretheimmediateactionsthatweshouldtake?2.Whatarethelongtermpoliciesthatshouldbeworkout?1.Weshouldtakesuchimmediateactionsas:tocutourconsumptionoffossilfuels;tousetechnologytoreducetheemissionofgreenhousegases,andtoprotectourforests.2.Weshouldencouragepeopletouseenvironmentallycleanfuelsandtechnologies,andstoptheclear-cuttingofforests.Globalwarming…intotheair.Globalwarmingmostlycausedbypeoplethemselveswhorandomlyemitpoisonousgasesandmaterialintoair,anditwillcauseheatconcentration.Mitigatetomakeanunpleasantsituationoritseffectlessseriousandlessdifficulttobear.ThisextremepovertyismitigatedslightlybythefactthatRosahasapart-timejob.Impactastronginfluenceofeffectproducedbyanidea,invention,etc.Thefullimpactofchangesincomputertechnologyhasbeenfeltoverthepastfewyears.Wecanalsodothings…likelytooccur.Wecantakesomemeasurestoreducetheinfluenceofglobalwarmingonusandadjustourselvestothesituationwhichwillprobablyappearinthefuture.CombattofightagainstThepresidentemphasizedtheimportanceofcombatinginternationalterrorism.Thegovernmentseepricecontrolsasawaytocombatinflation.Wearealsoadvocating….Forests.Wealsosupportthepoliciestostruggleagainsttheglobalwarmingoveralongperiod;weshouldencouragethepeopletouseenvironmentallycleanfuelandnewenergytechnologiestoreplacethetraditionalone,andstopcuttingforestscompletelyforonetime.4.(Para11)istheconclusioninwhichauthorinvitestheparticipationofeverybodytocombatglobalwarmingandto“makearealdifference”.Itwilltakeeveryone…tomakearealdifference.Allthesidesofsocietyshouldtakeactiontogether,thenitwillhaveagreatinfluenceontheproblemtosolvetheglobalwarming.1.Globalclimatechangemayhavebeenresponsiblefortheextinctionofthedinosaur.2.Patientswithincurableillnessoftenseekalternativetreatmentssuchashomeopathy.3.Economictheorypredictsthatafallinthepriceofacommoditywillleadtoanincreaseinconsumption.4.Thecongressisexpectedtotakestrongactionsontheproblemoforganizedcrime.Keytotranslation5.Theever-presentthreatofunemploymentmakesworkerslesswillingtogoonstrike.6.Elderlypeoplemayfacesomepsychologicalproblemsthatresultfromtheirlossofindependence.7.Thecarindustry,likemostotherindustries,isfeelingtheeffectsoftherecession.8.Yoursuccessatcollegepartlydependsonhowwellyoucanadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.