（精选）数学专业英语常用词汇

数学专业英语词汇代数部分1.有关数*算add，plus加?subtract减?difference差??multiply,times乘?product积?divide除?divisible可被整除的?dividedevenly被整除?dividend被除数，红利?divisor因子，除数?quotient商?remainder余数??factorial阶乘?power乘方?radicalsign,rootsign根号?roundto四舍五入?tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集?propersubset真子集?solutionset解集??3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项?liketerms,similarterms同类项?numericalcoefficient数字系数?literalcoefficient字母系数??inequality不等式?triangleinequality三角不等式??range值域??originalequation原方程?equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程?linearequation线性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22)?4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数?improperfraction假分数?mixednumber带分数?vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数?simplefraction简分数?complexfraction繁分数??numerator分子?denominator分母?(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母?quarter四分之一?decimalfraction纯小数?infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数?tenthsunit十分位??5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值?weightedaverage加权平均值?geometricmean几何平均数?exponent指数，幂?base乘幂的底数,底边?cube立方数，立方体?squareroot平方根?cuberoot立方根??commonlogarithm常用对数?digit数字?constant常数?variable变量??inversefunction反函数?complementaryfunction余函数?linear一次的，线性的?factorization因式分解?absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32?roundoff四舍五入?6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数?positivenumber正数?negativenumber负数?oddinteger,oddnumber奇数?eveninteger,evennumber偶数?integer,wholenumber整数?positivewholenumber正整数?negativewholenumber负整数??consecutivenumber连续整数?realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数??inverse倒数?compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……?primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数??commondivisor公约数?multiple倍数?(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数??(prime)factor(质)因子?commonfactor公因子??ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制?nonnegative非负的??tens十位?units个位??mode众数?median中数??commonratio公比??7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列?geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列??approximate近似?(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向?cardinal基数?ordinal序数?directproportion正比?distinct不同的?estimation估计，近似?parentheses括号?proportion比例?permutation排列?combination组合?table格?trigonometricfunction三角函数?unit单位,位?几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角?correspondingangle同位角?verticalangle对顶角?centralangle圆心角?interiorangle内角?exteriorangle外角?supplementaryangles补角?complementaryangle余角?adjacentangle邻角?acuteangle锐角?obtuseangle钝角?rightangle直角?roundangle周角?straightangle平角?includedangle夹角??2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形?scalenetriangle不等边三角形?isoscelestriangle等腰三角形?righttriangle直角三角形?oblique斜三角形?inscribedtriangle内接三角形??3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆?concentriccircles同心圆?quadrilateral四边形?pentagon五边形?hexagon六边形?heptagon七边形?octagon八边形?nonagon九边形?decagon十边形?polygon多边形?parallelogram平行四边形?equilateral等边形?plane平面?square正方形，平方?rectangle长方形?regularpolygon正多边形?rhombus菱形?trapezoid梯形??4.其它平面图形arc弧?line,straightline直线?linesegment线段?parallellines平行线?segmentofacircle弧形??5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数?rectangularsolid长方体?regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体?circularcylinder圆柱体?cone圆锥?sphere球体?solid立体的??6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高?depth深度?side边长?circumference,perimeter周长?radian弧度?surfacearea表面积?volume体积?arm直角三角形的股?crosssection横截面?centerofacircle圆心?chord弦?radius半径?anglebisector角平分线?diagonal对角线?diameter直径?edge棱?faceofasolid立体的面?hypotenuse斜边?includedside夹边?leg三角形的直角边?medianofatriangle三角形的中线?base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边?midpoint中点?endpoint端点?vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点?tangent切线的?transversal截线?intercept截距??7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系?rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系?origin原点?abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?numberline数轴?quadrant象限?slope斜率?complexplane复平面??8.其它planegeometry平面几何?trigonometry三角学?bisect平分?circumscribe外切?inscribe内切?intersect相交?perpendicular垂直?pythagoreantheorem勾股定理?congruent全等的?multilateral多边的?1.单位类cent美分?penny一美分硬币?nickel5美分硬币?dime一角硬币?dozen打（12个）?score廿(20个)?Centigrade摄氏?Fahrenheit华氏?quart夸脱?gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)?yard码?meter米?micron微米?inch英寸?foot英尺?minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)?squaremeasure平方单位制?cubicmeter立方米?pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)??2.有关文字叙述，主要是有关商业intercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)?commonyear平年(365天)?depreciation折旧?downpayment直接付款?discount打折?margin利润?profit利润?interest利息?simpleinterest单利?compoundedinterest复利?dividend红利?decreaseto减少到?decreaseby减少了?increaseto增加到?increaseby增加了?denote表示?listprice标价?markup涨价?percapita每人?ratio比率?retailprice零售价?tie打Chapteronefunctionnotation方程符号函数符号quadraticfunctions二次函数quadraticequations二次方程式二次等式chaptertwoEquivalentalgebraicexpressions等价代数表达式rationalexpression有理式有理表达式horizontalandverticaltranslationoffunctions函数的水平和垂直的平移reflectionsoffunctions函数的倒映映射chapterthreeExponentialfunctions指数函数exponentialdecay指数式衰减exponent指数propertiesofexponentialfunctions指数函数的特性chapterfourTrigonometry三角学Reciprocaltrigonometricratios倒数三角函数比Trigonometricfunctions三角函数Discretefunctions离散函数数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram（注：素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。请预览后才下载，期待你的好评与关注！）