(道场五礼道场

(道场五礼道场 Theories 1. Do Jang Oh Re (道場五禮 ; Five Courtesies in Kumdo ) 2. Ki Kum Che Il Chi (氣劍體一致 ; Unification of Spirit, the Sword, and the Body) 3. Sahm Sahl Bup (三殺法 ; Three Means of Execution) 4. Soo Pah Ri (守破離 ; Three Levels of Training) 5. Sah Gae (四戒 ; Four Emotions) 6. Pyung Sang Sim (平常心 ; Constant state of mind) 7. Jon Sim (存心 ; Attentive mind) 8. Dahm, Ryuk, Jung, Quae (膽力精快 ; Courage, Strength, Accuracy, and Speed) 9. You Hyo Kyuck Jah (有效擊刺 ; Valid Blow) 10. Teum (隙 ; Opening) 11. Seven Opportunities to Attack. 12. Hwal In Kum (活人劍 ; Sword of Deliverance). 1. Do Jang Oh Re (道場五禮 ; Five Courtesies in Kumdo ) *Courtesy towards Flag To show courtesy to the flag, salute to it by placing your right hand over your left chest. Flag is hung amongst all DoJangs. Courtesy to the flag should be performed at the beginning, and at the end of one?s training. *Courtesy towards DoJang Whenever a person enters or leaves DoJang, the training space, he/she should make a small bow to show gratitude towards it. Regardless of one?s age or trained level, everyone should show this courtesy upon entrance and departure from the DoJang. *Courtesy towards the Master The courtesy should be shown towards the Master with every respect, and instructor, in return, should accept it without negligence. Trainee should address his/her instructor as ?Sun-Saeng-Nim?, which is highly respectable title. Titles such as ?Instructor? or ?Trainer? are occupational titles without the respect and such title should be avoided when addressing your teacher. *Courtesy amongst students A trainee should be courteous towards other trainees during the competition or the practice. There are times when a fighter gets hostile towards the competitor or even feels angry from losing the competition. Such hostility should be reconsidered. Fellow students are one of the most important resources of one?s training. One must respect others in order to be treated with the same respect in return. Kumdo, which strongly emphasizes respect for others, becomes absolutely meaningless if one neglects to have such courtesy towards his/her fellow trainees. *Courtesy towards the student Students should not always be the first ones to initiate the act of courtesy. Instructor can also be the initiator as well. Whoever that gets the first opportunity should be the one to initiate courtesy regardless of his/her age, rank, or experience. However, students should always be prepared to show respect to the instructors. 2. Ki Kum Che Il Chi (氣劍體一致 ; Unification of Spirit, the Sword, and the Body) Ki stands for the spirit and the will, Kum stands for the pertinent usage of the sword, and Che stands for the parts of the body used to attack. (i.e. strength of the muscles, strength of your grip on the sword, force of the blow, and swiftness of the motion) An attack is considered valid only when these three factors come together at the precise moment of the blow. During the competition, unification of Ki Kum Che is typically evaluated through: * fullness of the spirit and fully charged outcry (Ki), and * accuracy of the blow applied to the valid target area using proper part of the sword * maintenance of the proper body posture. 3. Sahm Sahl Bup (三殺法 ; Three Means of Execution) It means to execute the opponent by dominating over his/her sword, skill, and Ki. * To dominate over a sword means to take control of the opponent?s sword by pressing down, knocking aside, or whirling around it. It describes the means of neutralizing the opponent?s attack. * To dominate over skill describes continual blows with initiating posture. If a blow is missed, one should quickly attack again. Continual attack does not give any opportunities for the opponent to attack skill but forces him/her to remain defensive. One can also neutralize the opponent?s attack by keeping proper distance. Lastly, one can dominate the opponent with superior skill. * To dominate the opponent with Ki represents continually charging oneself with out-flowing energy with initiating posture. One may let out strong outcries while maintaining imposing stance to dominate over opponent spiritually. One can dominate the opponent by striking with faster blow at the moment the opponent initiates an attack, or by maintaining proper distance and seeking out opened opportunity to attack before the opponent does. One can also surprise the opponent with coercive outcry to or overwhelming him/her with fast and bold attacking gestures. 4. Soo Pah Ri (守破離 ; Three Levels of Training) There are three levels of training. This word describes common phases that are carried out amongst martial arts. * Soo means observing to the teaching. * Pah means researching and exploiting higher form of skill creating personalized form once basic form has been mastered. It represents exploiting further than what is taught. * Ri means creating personalized unique style through personal research and exploitation, free from basic rules/forms. 5. Sah Gae (四戒 ; Four Emotions) Sah Gae refers to four emotions including surprise (驚 ; Kyung), fear (懼 ; Ku), doubt (疑 ; Eui), and confusion (惑 ; Hok). One must overcome such emotions and maintain constant peace. * Surprise (Kyung) ? an attacker may find an opportunity when the opponent is surprised from sudden outcry or unexpected gesture. * Fear (Ku) ? One is already half way lost if he loses confidence or has fear due to the opponent?s superior posture or reputation. One must always compete with boldness and confidence. * Doubt (Eui) ? One cannot compete with boldness if he has doubt in his heart, worrying about getting counter attacked during his/her attack. When an opportunity presents itself, one must attack boldly without a doubt or hindrance. * Confusion (Hok) ? this is a state of confused/indecisive mind during the opponent?s continual or fake attacks. One must not lose constant state of mind from four emotions mentioned above. 6. Pyung Sang Sim (平常心 ; Constant state of mind) It describes a state of mind that does not fluctuate from any external situation but that maintains quiet and comfortable state. Another word, it is a mind that is always calm, composed, persistent, and ready to react even through changing circumstances. 7. Jon Sim (存心 ; Attentive mind) It is easy to make oneself a target of counter attack by letting his/her guard down after the attack. Although one may believe he/she just made a perfect blow, it is dangerous to be at ease until competition is fully come to an end with definite decision call. Even after the decision call has been made, one must keep his/her guard up and measure his/her sword against the opponent?s sword. Even if an attack is failed, one can be ready to attack again or be ready for a counter attack if keeps his/her mind attentive. 8. Dahm, Ryuk, Jung, Quae (膽力精快 ; Courage, Strength, Accuracy, and Speed) This word describes four necessary aspects required to become a great martial artist. First, one must be courageous and brave when facing an opponent at a practice or competition. If one is fearful of the opponent or has preconception for anticipated lose, he/she ends up busy defending without proper attempts to attack. It is likely that such person will lose. One must have confidence and courage. Second, one must have the strength. A weak blow does not count towards proper completion of a fight. You also need strength to pick up speed and make immediate attack when an opportunity is presented. Thirdly, attacks should be made accurately with sophisticated skill. Loose skill or inaccurate blows makes oneself vulnerable for counter attacks from the opponent. Lastly, one must be fast. Clean blow can be made through fast body movement, fast attack and defense. 9.You Hyo Kyuk Jah(有效擊刺 ; Valid blow) A blow is considered valid only when it is made with filled spirit and proper form to a valid target area with attentive mind. Single handed blows or retrieving blows must be very accurate. Retrieving blow after the body fight must be very accurate. Following blows are also valid. Immediate blow to the opponent who has fallen to the ground or who dropped the sword. Blow that was made at the same time as the opponent moves outside the boundary. Blow that was made at the same time as the time over signal. Following blows are NOT considered valid. Blows to the face. The tip of the sword is touching the opponent?s upper body while retraining him/her. 10. Teum (隙 ; Opening) Opportunity is presented as an opening when one does not keep proper stance or form. One must try to hide any opening to the opponent. On the other hand, one must seek openings from the opponent and seize the opportunity to attack. One may also deliberately present an opening. As the opponent attacks the opened area, one can use that opportunity with counter attack. 1.Opening in the mind - one is vulnerable to counter attack if he/she puts guards down, over-aggressively attacks, or doubts/hesitates during attack. Such state of mind makes one an easy prey to the opponent. 2.Opening in the form ? one is vulnerable if his/her form is out of balance. 3.Opening in the movement ? it is easy to present opening to the opponent when one makes initiating, colliding, or finishing movement. 11. Seven Opportunities to Attack. 1.Avoid opponent?s strength and attack his/her weakness. Especially, the moment he loses his focus is a great opportunity for an attack. 2. Know where the opponent is about to attack. Seize the opportunity to counter attack after his blow and strength have been voided. 3.The moment that the opponent doubts. 4.When the opponent?s body and mind is indecisive and is not physically moving. 5.When the opponent is rushing and impatient, or over-aggressively attacks. 6.When the opponent is out of strength and his/her sword is down. 7.Typically, the opponent?s sword is down as he/she retrieves after the attack. It is impossible for the opponent to quickly attack again with such form. One should not miss such opportunity. 12. Hwal In Kum (活人劍 ; Sword of Deliverance). A sword that gets used to save oneself and kill others is murderous sword. Murderous sword has very simple objectives; to kill without reason or to win without justified mean. On the contrary, Sword of justice is used to kill the sword of evil for the sake of righteousness. It destroys for the purpose of construction. It is a sword of tolerance and affirmation rather than hatred nor grudge. Likewise, the purpose of the sword usage in Kumdo is not to kill, but to deliver.