职称英语复习资料

职称英语复习资料 +第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while. I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business， and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside. It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more... ―Can I help you,‖ She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her. Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age;she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus. The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers. I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything. She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. ―If you use it.‖ I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left. 第三十四篇 逃亡 在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后 看谁飞得最远。因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且贏了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我贏的钱退出了游戏。 尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去 走一走。 我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要 经营的项目，取而代之的 是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。奇怪的是并没有什么影子映 射在窗户上。我并没有因为这个而停住脚步， 我走了进去。 我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯， 十分美丽，可能是新做 的。我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上 挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。 一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。我的手抚摸着放唱片 的架子，读着标题。这里还有很多的…… ―我可以帮助你吗,‖她吓了我一跳。我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。她看我的方式如此居 高临下，这一时让我很紧张 像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。很难避开那个眼神。但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙， 那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生。 除了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。我猜不出她的年龄。尽管她的眼神充满了友善， 她使我想起了我的祖母。 我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。最后我开口说话，―我真的只 是看看‖，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞 进汽车。 她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让 我感觉很特别，灯光来自 天花板上的油饤，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。这里没有罕见的电吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘 盒子。很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡 无奇的旧文献的。 我发现了一些旧，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。―它们看起来很有趣。‖我迟疑地 说。―要想了解上面所写你必须有相似的经历―她清楚地说。她察觉到我的脸上充满了疑惑可是却没有再说什么。 她伸出手拿了一本小书然后递给了我。―这是目前我能够给你的最好的书‖，她笑着说道， ―如果你要用它‖。我打开书发现全部是一片空白，但依然给了她向我要的几美元，当我察觉到美元依然是纸飞机的形状时不免有些尴尬。我把书放到包里，谢过她并离开了。 练习: 1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel? A) To enjoy the good weather. B) To have a change of scene. C) To spend all his winnings. D) To get away from the crew. 2. What attracted the writer to the shop? A) The lack of a sign or name. B) The fact that it was nearby. C) The empty window display. D) The light coming from inside. 3. The writer found the stock in the front of the shop__________. A) of top quality B) of good value C) difficult to get at D) badly displayed 4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him? A) It made him feel self-conscious. B) She was happy to stare at him. C) She seemed to know him well. D) It made him want to look away. 5. The writer disliked the back room because__________. A) there was hardly anything in it B) she had ordered him to go there C) he saw nothing he really liked D) it was too dark to look around 答案与题解: 1. B 本题的问题是:为什么作者想要离开宾馆,由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，A，C选项错误，D选项未提及。 2. D 本题的问题是:是什么吸引作者到那个商店,由第二段中间―there was an appealing glow inside.‖ 可以得出答案。A，C选项不切题。D选项未提及。 3. A 本题的问题是:作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎样的,从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。― On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition.‖ 4. C 本题的问题是:那个女人看他的方式有什么不同,由第四段最后一句―I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.‖有一种似曾相识的感觉。 5.C 本体的问题是:作者不喜欢后屋的原因,从文中的第六段和第七段可以得出结论，他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。―It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.‖―I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation.‖ +第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her. In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient. 第三十五篇 选择她自己的路 当她12岁的时候，玛利亚做出了她人生道路的第一个重要决定。她决定继续读书。对 于大多数来自中产阶级家庭的 女孩子来说，毕业就都选择待在家里，尽管有一些参加了 教会办的女子精修学校。在那她们学习一些音乐、艺术、 针线活，以及如何礼貌交谈。这些 并不是玛利亚所感兴趣的或者可以说也不是她妈妈感兴趣的。此时，她对待学习更 加认真。 她不停地读书，他走到哪里就把书带到哪里。有一次她甚至把数学书带到了剧院里，设法在黑暗中学习。 玛利亚道她想要继续正规学习。她想要到公立高中去学习，很少有女孩子这样做。在当时 的薏大利，有两种形式的髙 中，一种是―传统‖学校，另一种是―技术类‖学校。在传统学校 中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含 拉丁语、希腊语及文学课，还有意大利的 文学与历史。极少数能继续学习的女孩们也大多选择这类学校。 但是玛利亚打算去技术类学校。技术类学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代 语言、数学、自然科学， 以及会计学。包括玛利亚父亲在内的大部分人都认为，女孩子是不可能 弄明白这些科目的。另外，他们也认为女孩子 不适合学习这些。 玛利亚并不在乎适合与否。数学和自然科学是她最感兴趣的学科。但是在她报名之前她必须 争得她父亲的同意。最后 在她母亲的帮助下她成功了，尽管过去很多年她的家庭关系依然很紧张。 她的父亲一直地反对她的，而她的母亲 却帮助她。 1883 年，玛利亚 13 岁的时候考取了罗马的"Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti‖ 学 校。她在这个学校的经 历对我们来说难以想象。尽管课程包括现代学科，而教学方式却是十分传 统的。学习包括记忆长长的词条和事件，然 后向老师复述。学生们不会以任何的方式被提问或是 自己思考。老师非常苛刻，课堂纪律十分严格，未达或者不 守纪律的学生会被给予严厉的惩罚。 练习: 1. Maria wanted to attend________. A) private ―finishing‖ school B) school with Latin and Greek C) technical high school D) school for art and music 2. In those days, most Italian girls________. A) went to classical schools B) went to ―finishing‖ schools C) did not go to high school D) went to technical schools 3. You can infer from this passage that________. A) girls usually attended private primary schools B) only boys usually attended technical schools C) girls did not like going to school D) only girls attended classical schools 4. Maria‘s father probably________. A) had very modern views about women B) had very traditional views about women C) had no opinion about women D) thought women could not learn Latin 5. High school teachers in Italy In those days were________. A) very modern B) very intelligent C) quite scientific D) quite strict 答案与题解: 1. C 本题的问题是:Maria想去个怎样的学校,由文中第三段可明确得出结论。―Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school .‖ A, B, D项均有明显错误。 2. C 本题的问题是:在当时的意大利大多数女孩的选择是什么,由文中的第一段可知―Most girls from middle?–class families chose to stay home after primary school ,‖所以本题的正确答案为C。 3. B 本题为推理题，问题是:从可以得出什么样的结论,A选项未提及。C选项错误，原文只说大多数女孩子都 选择呆在家里，并未说她们都不喜欢读书。D选项错误，原文只说就算是上学的话大多数女孩子都选择传统学校，而 并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正确答案为B。 4. B 本题问的是:Maria的父亲对女性的态度是什么,由文中第三段倒数第二句―Most people—including Maria‘s father —believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects.‖可以得出答案，父亲和大多数人一样都持传统观 念。 5. D 本题的问题是:当时的意大利高中教师是怎样的,从文中最后一段可以得出结论―Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,‖故正确 答案为D。 第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today. Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song, "Land of ?A Little Something‘‖ is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live. Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1. Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment2. One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito. In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world. 第三十七篇 非洲的流行音乐 非洲国家的年轻音乐家们创造了一种流行音乐的新形式。音调与旋律不仅有传统的非洲因素 也有当下十分流行的各种 形式，比如嘻哈、说唱打击乐、摇滚、爵士或者是瑞格舞。这样就使这 种音乐让世界各地的听者都觉得很熟悉，而它 又是典型的非洲音乐。这种音乐在另一方面也有所不同:很多音乐有着严肃的主题，与当今非洲重要的社会问题和政 治问题相关。 Eric Wainaina是这些非洲音乐家的其中之一。他成长于肯尼亚内罗毕的一个音乐世家。少年 时期他就昕美国的流行音 乐，之后就读于波士顿Berklee College学习音乐。现在他在肯尼亚发了 一张CD。他最红的歌曲是"Land of ? A Little Something' ‖，这首歌是有关肯尼亚行贿受贿问题的。 他希望人们听他的歌曲然后思考如何让肯尼亚变成更好的居住地。 另一个写有关严肃主题音乐的音乐家是来自坦桑尼亚的Witness Mwaijaga。她的个人经历让 她能够切身体会非洲妇女 所受的苦难。她15岁的时候失去了家，但是比起和她一样无家可归 的年轻人来说她很幸运。她可以靠写歌和在街头 卖唱维持生计。在她18岁的时候，她成为一个明星。她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是坦桑尼亚的各种问题， 特别是艾滋病和女 性权利的缺失。 来自塞内加尔的BaabaMaal也认为流行音乐不仅仅是为了娱乐。他在塞内加尔说过，故事的 讲述者往往是重要的人物。 在^:去，他们是人民历史的书写者。他认为写歌者也拥有同样的责任。 他们必须写他们周围的世界，帮助人民明白 如何使它变得更好。事实上，歌词的内容十分重要。 他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和 保护环境。 南美最流行的音乐家之一是Brenda Fassie。她可以与美国流行巨星麦当娜媲美，因为她的舞 台表现力震撼人心。但是 她也喜欢让人深思。20世纪80年代她因为一首有关反对种族隔离的单 曲而一炮走红。现在种族隔离巳经终止了，她 的歌曲有关于南美政治和文化的其他方面。她使用 传统的非洲语言与一种新的流行形式库威多来歌唱。 近些年，非洲以外的人们都开始听这些年轻音乐家的歌曲。通过音乐，年青一代的音乐家使 非洲与世界其他的地方相 连接，同时也影响着世界的其他地方。 练习: 1. This passage is about how African pop music is_______. A) usually about love and romance B) more serious than most pop music C) popular with young people in Africa D) mostly written just for entertainment 2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _______. A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interesting C) entirely strange to them D) both familiar and different 3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_______. A) write about serious problems B) studied in the United States C) lost their homes at a young age D) write songs in a new pop style 4. Eric Wainaina_______. A) prefers to sing in English B) listened to traditional music C) studied music in Boston D) performs only in the United States 5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because_______. A) she was had a difficult life herself B) there are many problems in Tanzania C) she has had an easy life herself D) there are no other women singers 答案与题解: 1. B 本题的问题是:非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么,由第一段倒数第一句可以得出答案。―It is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.‖ A,D项错误，C 项未提及。 2.D 本题的问题是:对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什么,从第一段可以得出答案。―The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.‖故正确选项为 D。 3. A 本题的问题是:全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什么,总览全文可以得出结论。全文通篇在讲有关社会和政 治等严肃主题的音乐，故正确答案为A。B,C,D都有明显的错误。 4. C 本题的问题是:Eric Wainaina的成长细节。由第二段可以得出答案。―…and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.‖ 其余选项均有错误。 5. A 本题的问题是:Witness Mwaijaga 写有关女人的问题的原因是什么,答案在第三段第二句―Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.‖明显可见是她有切身经历。所以正确答案为A。 第三十八篇 Why So Many Children? In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this . One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful . Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War?, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world's lowest. However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth. Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success. 第三十八篇 为什么有这么多的孩子 非洲和亚洲的很多发展中国家，人P增长迅速。原因很简单:这些国家的女人生育率很 高——每个女人平均有三个到七个孩子。这些女人大部分都很穷，没有足够的食物和资源来照顾 家庭。为什么她们要有这么多孩子呢,为什么她们不限制家庭的大小呢,答案是大多数时候她们 没办法选择。这有很多原因。 其中之一是经济原因。传统的农业经济中，家庭成员数目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味着田 里的劳动力多且有人给父母养老。在工业经济国家中情况就不同了。多数孩子不帮助家里，而是 增加家庭开销。因此，工业化极大降低了生育率。这是意大利的一个例子，意大利最近几年工业 化发展十分迅速。在20世纪前叶，意大利是个贫穷的农业国家，有着很高的生育率。第二次世界 大战之后，意大利的现代化和工业化十分迅速。世纪之末其生育率降到世界最低，平均每个女人1. 3个孩子。 然而经?济并不是唯一重要的影响出生率的因素。以沙特阿拉伯为例，那里并没有以农业为基 础的经济，而且是人均收入最高的国家之一。然而还是有很高的生育率(7.0)。而像墨西哥和印 度尼西亚，主要是农业经济的穷国，但他们的人口还在不断地下降。 很明显有其他的因素。最重要的就是妇女的状况。高的生育率往往与妇女缺乏教育与社会地 位低下相关。这就能解释沙特阿拉伯的出生率为什么如此之髙。传统的文化使妇女缺乏教育或者 不能独立，并且在外生存的技能很少。相反，墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的生育率就低。他们的 政府给妇女提供更多的教育和机会。 另一个重要的因素是计划生育。女人们也许想限制家庭的大小，但是她们没有办法。一些倡 导计划生育的政府为她们提供有效而且不贵的方式，生育率下降。比如新加坡、斯里兰卡、印度 和印度尼西亚、泰国、墨西哥、巴西。在这些国家妇女被提供健康和计划生育的帮助。 这些趋势表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依赖于良好的经济状况。如果是致力于帮助妇女适 应她们的需求那么就是有效的。事实上只有这样，才能有机会取得成功。 练习: 1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______. A. can be an advantage B. may limit income C. isn‘t necessary D. is expensive 2. When countries become industrialized, _______. A. families often become larger B. the birth rate generally goes down C. women usually decide not have a family D. the population generally grows rapidly 3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______. A. agricultural country with a high birth rate B. agricultural country with a low birth rate C. industrialized country with a low birth rate D. industrialized country with a high birth rate 4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______. A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate C. women who have a high income usually have few children D. the birth rate depends on per capita income 5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______. A. is not concerned about the status of women B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly C. does not allow women to work outside the home D. has tried to improve the condition of women 答案与题解: 1. A 本题的问题是:在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么,从文中第二段第二句和第三句话可以得出明确的 答案。―In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.‖所以答案为A，是优势。 2. B 本题的问题是:当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么,从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。―In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War ?, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.‖由此可见出生率降低。 3. C 本题的问题是:本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么,从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为C。 4. B 本题的问题是:文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么,由第三段开头可知―However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.‖下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以 外影响出生率的因素。 5. D本题的问题是:墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的政府采取了怎样的措施,从文中第四段后半部分―On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.‖可以得出结论。另一方面从第四 段开头也可以得出结论。―The most important of these is the condition of women.‖之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可 以得出结论。 重磅阅读 +第四十七篇 Narrow Escape We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour.1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure. For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder2. Then came a shout. "Cailloux! Cailloux!" I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from. There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rock fall. "Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet," he told us. "Face in, always face in." I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack. I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they'll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I'll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby."Are you all right? That went straight through you."The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went. Toby and I had spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn't leapt sideways, what if I'd been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it. 第四十七篇 九死一生 那天早上我们离开露营的小屋已经很晚了。我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色 的。这意味着将会是很热的一天，温暖会使被冰紧裹的石头慢慢地松开。 正当我们走在表面的时候，很明显它变成了一段很难走的路。主要的何题是斜坡J在山坡上 有很多的碎石。斜坡被登山者反感的原因有两个。首先，爬在上面的人很容易摔下去。其次，它使你走的每一步都很危险。 我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们， 像一个打开的抽屉。我的手逐渐出汗变得冰冷。突然有一声大喊―Cailloux! Cailloux!‖我听到来 自上面的一个女人的呼喊。声音成回声向下传向我们。我抬起头寻找它来的方向。 最开始只有两块石头，弹跳着移向我们，在半空中撞击。而此时上方的空气也好像随着掉 落的石头有了生命，巨大的噪声充斥在空气中。撞击声在石头表面，嗡嗡声游荡在空气中，之 后又有了撞击声。每次撞击声之间都有;段时间的空隙，石头越跳越远。我一直盯着石头，感 觉马上它就要到我这里来一样。在学校一个比我高几年级的男孩告诉过我，当石头掉下来时千 万不要抬头。―为什么‖, ―因为石头砸在你的头盔上要远远好过砸在你的脸上。‖他告诉我们。 低头，永远低头。 - 我听见那天和我一起登山的同伴Toby在喊我。我看了过去，他在一个延伸出的石头下面，已 经安全了。我不能理解他。然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉扯，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住 我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。 我再次抬起头。一块石头垂直地向我硒下来。本能地，我向后倾斜，拱起我的背保护我的 胸部。我的手指怎么办，我想，如果被砸上肯定会被砸扁，再也不能恢复。我听到了在我正前面 的一声巨响，有人使劲儿拉我的裤子。Toby大喊:―你还好吧，石头径直向你砸过来X。‖石头在 我双腿间擦身而过，虽然没有碰到我，但是刮到了我的衣服。 Toby和我用整晚的时间回味早上发生的一切:假如那块大石头没有从旁边滑过，如果我被撞到，你会扶住我吗，我会把你也刮倒吗,对于一个有丰富登山经验的人来说这也许没有什么，但 我知道我永远不会忘记这件事。 练习: 1. Why was it ―too late‖ by the time they left the hut in the morning? A) It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather. B) The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes. C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous. D) They wouldn't be able to walk on the melting ice. 2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is_______. A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you B) that it allows people climbing above you to push off C) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure D) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain 3. What is likely to be the meaning of "Cailloux"? A) Rocks are flying through the air. B) Rocks are falling. C) There are loose rocks on the ground ahead. D) There are rocks everywhere. 4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? A) He didn't keep his ''face in". B) Not every climber wears a helmet. C) It is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall. D) Being hit by a rock isn't "pleasant" at all. 5. In what sense was Toby "safe"? A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks. B) He felt a hand on his shoulder. C) His rucksack was protected. D) He had hidden under a canopy. 答案与题解: 1. C 本题的问题是:为什么说他们离开小屋的时间晚了,由第一段可以知道答案―It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. ‖可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为 C。 2. A 本题的问题是:登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么,由原文第二段可以直接得出答 案。―First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. ‖ 3. B 本题的问题是:―Cailloux‖这个词的意思是什么,由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知 这个单词是石头滑落的意 思。―it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening‖―There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air.‖ 4. D 本题的问题是:在第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么,由第四段―?Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，‘he told us. ?Face in, always face in.‘‖可知正确答案为 D。 5. A 本题的问题是:Toby安全的标志是什么,由文中第五段―I looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. "可以得出答案。