服用华法令后产生副作用,怎么办_爱问知识人（After taking warfarin side effects, how to do _ Iask）

服用华法令后产生副作用,怎么办_爱问知识人（After taking warfarin side effects, how to do _ Iask） 服用华法令后产生副作用,怎么办_爱问知识人(After taking warfarin side effects, how to do _ Iask) After taking warfarin side effects, how to do? _ Iask * advanced search Select range of categories: The problem of the | home page label collection station | knowledge classification problem list | user list | knowledge team | expert group | more "> > knowledge classification of health and medical > drug problems: Recommended 1.0 1.0 report comments, attention Xavieruby000 [new] after taking warfarin side effects, how to do? 100 points Tags: warfarin side effects associated with symptoms of amaurosis Answer: 5 browse: 6177 question time: 2006-08-29 02:31 99 years after valve replacement surgery, taking warfarin for 7 years. Take the first day to the present, there is often a period of headache, nausea, vertigo, amaurosis. Last year there was a blind spot to expand, and it's not good yet. What can I do about it? Can you use other drugs instead of warfarin. Yes, that's the side effect of the drug. Without these symptoms before surgery, nausea starts on the first day. Supplementary questions The chances of a headache are high after a lack of sleep and plenty of exercise. First, the eyes appear blind spots, the blind areas are constantly changing, expanding, and finally disappearing. About 30 minutes, and then began to headache, can not describe, it is very painful. To the major hospitals are not resolved, drugs must also eat, whether the same patient? A total of 2 comments... References: science fiction romance novel "the time traveler's wife".Txt book best answer the answer she said, let's not pulling the wrong my comments My report Gzzsw0714 [Master] warfarin use and precautions Department of vascular surgery, No.3 Hospital of Peking University, Dong Guoxiang Drugs for the treatment of thrombotic diseases mainly include antiplatelet drugs, heparin drugs, long-acting oral anticoagulant drugs and fibrinogen promoting drugs. Among them, long-acting anticoagulant is a long-term maintenance anticoagulant therapy, especially for the treatment of venous thrombosis disease. Long acting oral anticoagulants are oral anticoagulants of the vitamin K antagonist. These drugs can be divided into two groups: coumarin and two derivatives. The anticoagulant efficacy of the two drugs is quite the same, but the dosage is different. Coumarins include coumarin, coumarin, warfarin, and warfarin. The two compounds are very toxic, so they are rarely used. Hua Falin is the most commonly used long-acting anticoagulant at home and abroad, and is currently the only vitamin K antagonist in clinical use. Individual differences in patients using the drug curative effect is very big, so we need to test results of coagulation related laboratory, such as the international normalized ratio (INR) adjusted the dose at any time, if there is no condition monitoring coagulation related indicators, not for the patient to use warfarin, otherwise it may cause bleeding and other serious consequences, and even life-threatening. Pharmacological action and usage of Hua Falin Hua Falin is the main interference of hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X, thereby inhibiting blood coagulation. Because it is an indirect anticoagulant, it acts only in vivo and has no anticoagulant effect in vitro. Coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X, the half-life of 6 20~30, 45~72 and >60 hours respectively. Therefore, warfarin takes at least 36~48 hours to demonstrate anticoagulation. After stopping, the synthesis of coagulation factors also need a period of time, so the coagulation function also needs to be gradually restored many days after. The dose of warfarin was 5~20 mg for the first time, and thereafter the daily maintenance dose was 2.5~7.5 Mg. When starting warfarin, it can be combined with heparin or low molecular weight heparin, and then heparin or low molecular weight heparin should be discontinued after warfarin has played its part. The goal of adjusting warfarin dosage is to prolong the prothrombin time of the patient by >50%, decrease the activity to 20%~30%, and keep the INR at 2.0~3.0. Start taking warfarin during daily prothrombin time, and adjust the dose according to the detection results, INR to be maintained at 2.0~3.0, can gradually reduce the times of detection, and the detection interval gradually extended to 3 days, 1 weeks, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The amount of drug overdose or deficiency should be adjusted at any time during warfarin use. Because of the individual differences in the process of warfarin in patients with very large, and started to use to achieve good and stable state of blood coagulation in about 2 weeks, therefore, is not recommended to prevent thrombotic diseases with warfarin after surgery. Factors affecting anticoagulation in warfarin 1. factors associated with warfarin fluoroquinolones The Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin (2004 third) said that the combination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and Hua Falin resulted in increased anticoagulant activity. The mechanism of fluroquinoloncs increase the anticoagulant effect of Hua Falin: Hua Falin from the role of the protein binding sites on the replacement of fluoroquinolones; the antibiotics can make the intestinal flora to produce vitamin K and coagulation factor to reduce the number of; the indirect warfarin metabolism slows down. The majority of fluroquinoloncs can inhibit metabolic reactions mediated by cytochrome P450, thereby reducing some of the ways to clear this drug metabolism rate, so that the application of other drugs, especially the drugs in the treatment of lower index (such as Hua Falin) are more likely to exhibit toxicity. INR is sometimes as high as 50 in patients treated with these two drugs. Therefore, fluoroquinolones can increase warfarin or its derivatives. Two should closely monitor prothrombin time and INR, and adjust warfarin consumption at any time, especially for elderly patients. The macrolide antibiotic Australia adverse drug reaction bulletin said receiving reports of warfarin interactions with all 4 macrolides antibiotics (see table). 1 of the 79 year old female patients died of extensive bleeding after 8 days of erythromycin use. But in contrast, a US study showed that no significant changes in INR were observed in those taking warfarin. Nonetheless, surveillance should be strengthened for patients taking warfarin and azithromycin. Tramadol The Australian Committee for adverse drug reactions monitoring has received reports of elevated INR and bleeding in 11 patients taking warfarin. The patients were stopped at 1~4 days after the Hua Falin dose was unchanged, and the INR value was restored to its initial state. But another pharmacodynamic study showed that 19 cases with constant dose phenprocoumon patients plus tramadol, only 2 cases of INR were significantly increased (up to 6 and 7.3 respectively), and all patients with the average value of INR change was not statistically significant. These results suggest that the effect of tramadol on warfarin anticoagulation is related to metabolic variability in a small number of patients. Therefore, patients treated with warfarin should monitor INR closely for the first few days to 1 weeks after the addition of tramadol, in order to prevent severe coagulopathy. fish oil Fish oil is an Omega -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that can affect platelet aggregation and / or the function of vitamin K dependent clotting factors, thereby reducing thromboxane A2 content in platelets. In addition, it can also reduce the level of factor VII, so to patients taking warfarin anticoagulation appropriate supplements can strengthen the role of the former. A case study has confirmed the above findings. Antiphospholipid antibodies may cause elevated INR levels Some reports suggest that INR may increase significantly in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies who have taken warfarin for long periods of time. In the anticoagulant treatment process, the INR value is often used to evaluate the coagulation state in the patients with elevated INR, coagulation factor VII, representative and X activity reduced, but in rare cases, non vitamin K dependent inhibitors or the presence of interfering substances will affect the results of INR. At this point, the concentration of coagulation factor can be measured directly to evaluate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. genetic variation A University of Washington study showed that the expression product of CYP2C9*2 gene and CYP2C9*3 gene of the key enzyme in the metabolic process of Hua Falin, the two gene mutation, will increase the risk of hemorrhage during anticoagulation therapy of Hua Falin. Other cases reported that amoxicillin caused elevated INR and hematuria, and interferon increased warfarin anticoagulation. Two A drug that reduces the anticoagulant effect of warfarin American ginseng A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at the University of Chicago, Yuan, showed that American ginseng can weaken Hua Falin's anticoagulant effects. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians ask in detail whether or not they have taken American ginseng before giving warfarin to the patient. ribavirin Swedish Schulman reports that 1 61 year old men were treated with Hua Falin for long-term use of heart valve replacement, and treated with Leigh Bhave Lin because of hepatitis C infection. Doctors found that Hua Falin's dose was increased by 40% in order to maintain an ideal anticoagulant effect. The mechanism of the interaction between the two drugs is unclear, but it is recommended that at least 1 prothrombin times be detected weekly during the use of Leigh Bhave Lin. Hua Falin's treatment window is narrow, and any factor that has a slight effect on coagulation may have serious consequences. Therefore, if Hua Falin and other drugs (such as antihypertensive drugs, etc.) in the process of combining, do not change the treatment program easily. Due to the need for additional medication, the prothrombin time and / or INR should be monitored at any time. Complications of long-term warfarin use hemorrhage Bleeding is the most common adverse reactions taking Hua Falin's long term, especially for elderly patients, bleeding serious adverse reactions are common, but except the fatal incident, Hua Falin did not make many patients with long-term sequelae, and the user stroke rate is very low, which is sufficient to prove the effectiveness of anticoagulation in Hua Falin. A study by Monash University in Australia, Johnson, showed that the incidence of massive bleeding was higher in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation who took warfarin. Study on 228 patients with 76 years of age or older patients with atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed, the patients taking Hua Falin's average time was 28 months, which accounted for 42% of men, with an average age of 81.1 years. The results showed that 41 patients had 53 major bleeding, and the incidence of massive hemorrhage was 10%. Among them, 24 (45.3%) were life-threatening bleeding, and 5 (9.4%) were fatal bleeding, while the incidence of stroke was only 2.6%. Bleeding is the result of excessive use of warfarin or concomitant use of other drugs. If warfarin is excessive or other hemorrhagic diseases (such as intracranial hemorrhage) occur during warfarin use, a timely intervention is necessary. The mortality rate of patients with intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days is as high as 50%. It is slow to use the traditional methods (such as the transmission of fresh blood and vitamin K, etc.), which can not effectively control the enlargement of hematoma. The Mayo Clinic Meschia report, can be intravenous injection of recombinant coagulation factor A, anticoagulant activity against warfarin safely and quickly. The researchers gave a single infusion of recombinant coagulation factor A in patients with intracranial venous in 7 patients with a median age of 87 years from the onset of bleeding, to delivery the average time interval is 6.2 hours. Results the recombinant factor VIIa a quickly reversed the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, INR from 2.7 to 1.08 before treatment. All 5 patients survived except 2 patients died during the hospital stay. These results need to be confirmed by prospective studies in larger populations. There are also reports of long-term use of warfarin to cause abdominal bleeding and ileus in china. Osteoporotic fracture of the male A retrospective study by the University of Washington, Gage, found that men with long-term warfarin had an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with atrial fibrillation. The study on the long-term use of Hua Falin in 4461 cases (treatment duration more than 1 years) patients and 7587 patients received Hua Falin therapy controls were analyzed. The results showed that long-term warfarin occurrence of osteoporotic fracture risk of osteoporosis is 25% higher than with warfarin, and only male long-term warfarin after fracture risk is increased (OR=1.63), and the female after taking no risk (OR=1.05). The risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients who are short of (<1) medication will not increase. Further analysis showed that the independent risk factors including bone osteoporotic fracture: older age, easy to fall, with hyperthyroidism, neurasthenia and alcohol, and the combination of beta blockers and the risk of fracture reduction. Soft tissue necrosis In 1960s there is a breast taking warfarin necrosis after resection of breast or other parts of the report, such as skin, soft tissue, subcutaneous tissue, male genitalia necrosis and extensive soft tissue necrosis has also been case reports, but the total number of cases is not much, not yet reported in domestic. Application of Hua Falin in artificial heart valve replacement Acquired valvular heart disease is one of the most common cardiac disease, although in recent years, rheumatic heart disease accounted for the proportion of patients in cardiovascular surgery significantly decreased, but the patients with valve replacement surgery is still a can not be ignored, and the problem of postoperative anticoagulation has become a crucial all the problems. Hua Falin as a cardiovascular surgery commonly used anticoagulants, play on this effect is obvious to people, but the existing problems should arouse our attention and to be improved in the future work. Pharmacological action of Hua Falin Hua Falin is a coumarin derivative, and also a racemic mixture consisting of two optically active isomers of type R and S. The role of Hua Falin is related to the metabolism of coagulation factors and vitamin K, which produces anticoagulant effects by interfering with the transformation of vitamin K and the epoxidation of vitamin 2 and 3 with vitamin K. Because vitamin K is a cofactor for coagulation factor II, VII, IX and X, can promote vitamin K dependent protein amino terminal carboxyl glutamic acid into R - carboxyglutamic acid, so the carboxylation process must have vitamin K to participate in the formation of active protein. Warfarin is the transformation loop through the inhibition of vitamin K induced hepatic protein production and reduce the partial decarboxylation of coagulation activity. Hua Falin has high bioavailability and can be absorbed rapidly through the digestive tract. Maximum blood concentration can be reached within 90 minutes after oral administration. The absorption of more than 97% of Hua Falin and albumin (mainly albumin), and then aggregation to the liver, the two isomers through different pathways for biological transformation, the average half-life of 36-42 hours. Anticoagulation therapy after valve replacement In the field of cardiovascular surgery, heart valve replacement, mechanical or biological valves have not been well defined, but there is little anticoagulation after valve replacement surgery has basically reached a consensus, namely mechanical valve and bioprosthetic valve must be lifelong anticoagulation, only 3-6 months of short-term anticoagulation. For monitoring anticoagulation after operation, prothrombin time ratio (PTR) and international normalized ratio (INR) of two commonly used indicators, because the INR differences of different sources of tissue thromboplastin sensitivity, can more accurately reflect the anticoagulant intensity of patients, increase the stability level of anticoagulation monitoring, so it is still the only recognized the best anticoagulation index. As for the specific reference range of INR, the European Society of Cardiology recommend: the first generation of INR valve should be maintained in 3.04.5; the second generation of mitral valve INR in 3.03.5; the second generation of aortic valve INR in 2.53.0. However, the American Society of cardiothoracic medicine 2001 guidelines, ACC and AHA recommend that most patients with prosthetic valves should maintain INR at 2.5 - 3.5, bioprosthetic valves and two lobe aortic mechanical valves in low-risk patients, and INR in 2 - 3. At the same time, Chenhsu and so on 226 cases of Chinese patients after mechanical valve replacement warfarin anticoagulation study showed that: safe INR range of 1.4 - 2.4, and should be low anticoagulant. Therefore, in the actual work, for some special valve replacement patients, we should be treated in specific circumstances. Here we discuss the anticoagulation of different types of valve replacements: I. General Population For patients with pure valve replacement, warfarin was added on the first day after operation. The first dose was 2.5mg/ days, and the dosage was monitored from fourth days to adjust the dosage. A blood test is usually performed daily or every other day during the search for the right dose of the drug (i.e., the law of medication), Find the stabilizer can be measured after once a week, such as repeated determination of times are very stable, can be determined by a 2-4 week, then gradually extended, the longest time can be detected in March. For the first time the blood test results show that INR is lower than the specified range of patients, the dosage of warfarin dose should be in the original basis of small dose increased, clinical based on 2.5mg/ on the day of each adjustment increase of 0.625mg or 1.25mg; similarly, the results show that higher than the specified range of patients, small dose should also be adjusted until a steady state is reached, find optimal maintenance dose. In addition, studies have shown that, within 36 hours after oral first dose of warfarin, the INR value has increased, but has not reached the treatment range, and gradually approached the treatment range after 48 hours. Therefore, we emphasize that the adjustment of Hua Falin dosage should be based on the INR value after 48 hours or even 72 hours after the anticoagulant treatment, and the clinical manifestation of the patient. Two. Children The proportion of children in valve replacement is relatively low, and most scholars believe that mechanical valve is more suitable for children than bioprosthetic valve. Because of the physiological characteristics of children, Hua Falin's anticoagulant treatment level can be similar to or slightly lower than that of adults, but the Hua Falin dosage is generally younger, and the relative dose is greater. In addition, some foreign experts believe that the use of antiplatelet drugs on warfarin is better. Three. Young women and pregnant women Young women will face problems after pregnancy, pregnant women due to a hypercoagulable state, and the adverse effects of warfarin on the fetus is more, so the biological valve selection in this group are more, the smaller the impact of pregnancy on. But for women with mechanical valve replacement, anticoagulation therapy and the effect on these two factors should be considered in the selection of any anticoagulant and anticoagulant regimen. There are three kinds: the Hua Falin plan, Hua Falin and heparin solutions and heparin alternate solutions, while the latter is the majority of scholars recommend the program, namely: once the diagnosis of pregnancy, should be immediately suspended Hua Falin and changed to heparin intravenous injection, 3 months after the change back to warfarin orally, to produce the first 2 to 4 weeks, then stopped Hua Falin is 2 - 4 hours of heparin, prenatal discontinuation of heparin, immediately postpartum recovery Hua Falin anticoagulation. Four. Elderly In recent years, the elderly heart valve replacement has a rising trend, except the age more than 65 years, life expectancy of less than 10 years, or accompanied by coronary heart disease, lung and kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.4 with biological valves, for under the age of 65, higher than the life expectancy of 10 years the patient used mechanical valve. Since the elderly patients are complicated by other systemic diseases, the level of anticoagulation and monitoring should be more cautious. The American College of chest physicians recommended based on oral Hua Falin, adding a small dose of aspirin (100mg/d), can effectively reduce the rate of thromboembolism does not increase bleeding rate, but the country is still inclined to simply Hua Falin find suitable maintenance dose of anticoagulant. Five. Those with atrial fibrillation In patients with rheumatic heart disease mitral stenosis patients with atrial fibrillation increased, while patients with atrial fibrillation, atrial contraction loss, atrial emptying, blood stasis caused by intra atrial, atrial and aortic annulus easy and suture ring thrombosis. Atrial fibrillation after mitral valve replacement patients, the rate of thromboembolic events compared with sinus rhythm patients was 1.7 times higher, at the same time due to violation of rheumatic activity of vascular endothelial, decreased antithrombin III activity, activated coagulation system, the patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation often still exist, so the anti coagulation strength should be slightly higher than the general population. Studies have shown that INR remains at 2.53.5 after valve replacement, and reduce the incidence of thromboembolism, but also reduces the risk of bleeding; and for preoperative patients with left atrial thrombus and postoperative thrombosis in patients with a history of INR, the best maintained at between 3.03.5. Six. Right heart system valve replacement There is some difference between the hemodynamics of the right heart system and the left ventricular system, which is manifested by the low pressure system, After the mechanical valve replacement, the complication of anticoagulation is high incidence of valvular thrombosis, but the incidence of pulmonary embolism is not high, but it has been reported that there are a lot of pulmonary embolism, but the embolization is small and difficult to detect. Therefore, the level of anticoagulation in the right heart system should be similar or slightly higher than that of the left ventricular system. Complications and Countermeasures of warfarin anticoagulant therapy The process of anticoagulation in warfarin, due to the narrow range of drug safety, drug dosage is not easy to grasp, prone to bleeding and inadequate anticoagulation overanticoagulation caused by embolism or valve thrombosis and other common and serious complication. The risk of bleeding is closely related to INR. In 2003, the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology warfarin treatment guidelines outlined: "when INR is greater than 4, the risk of bleeding increases; when INR is greater than 5, the risk of bleeding increases significantly.". The increased INR value, through the preparation of prothrombin II given warfarin discontinuation of vitamin K1 infusion of fresh plasma or the concentration of these three methods should be reduced, and the third method is the most effective method. Hua Falin caused by bleeding are common oral gingival bleeding, nose bleeding, subcutaneous ecchymosis, hematoma or subconjunctival hemorrhage, respiratory tract hemorrhage (blood in phlegm), hematuria, menorrhagia or melena, minor symptoms should strengthen the anticoagulation monitoring, without the need for special treatment for symptoms; slightly severe, short-term reduction or suspend taking Hua Falin 1 - 2 times more than control, after recovery maintenance dose of Hua Falin; and for the heavy bleeding, must be in surgery, surgical removal of risk factors for bleeding the date back to taking Hua Falin; serious bleeding must be stopped, Such as cerebral hemorrhage or fundus hemorrhage. Be sure to consider the risk of thrombosis for long term anticoagulation and bleeding complications. Actively seek and reverse the cause of bleeding (E. coli, ulcers, etc) And reduce the intensity of anticoagulation from INR to 2 to 2.5, while for patients with high risk of thrombosis, the proportion of embolization and bleeding should be assessed comprehensively, but must be clear, The importance of thromboembolism and bleeding events is not equal: injuries caused by mild to moderate bleeding are generally less than thromboembolism. Thus, warfarin induced bleeding, To give full consideration to the withdrawal and to increase the risk of thrombosis of the vitamin K is used, and as far as possible the use of compression and surgical hemostasis, such not only better hemostatic effect, but also in the postoperative recovery on anticoagulant therapy. Answer: 2006-08-29 11:20 The questioner's assessment of the answer: A total of 0 comments... Here are some of the questions that are particularly recommended to you. Who has the English and Latin code sets for the use of drugs in the doctor's prescription? Such as a drug composition; function; usage information Zhiqing usage and dosage of Nimesulide Granules? Tell me about the usage of rarely. What's the meaning and usage of Achten and beachten?... Null points are not surgery, easy to remove bags under the eyes? France imported, take the lead in technology, not surgery, liposuction remove pouch bag, do not worry about a blood treatment apparatus, invalid refund let hypertension, cerebral thrombosis, high blood viscosity in patients with no longer rely on drugs! Break --30 days, bid farewell to cervical spondylosis 30 days, bid farewell to cervical spondylosis, cervical spondylosis is no longer worried! The other answer 4 answer, review report Mamakeke2006 [novice] can go to the hospital, with the help of a doctor, stop medication or change dressings Answer: 2006-08-29 02:42 A total of 0 comments, report comments... Booboo Note [Master] the use of warfarin: 1, when the occurrence of thrombosis, hematemesis, blood or tarry stool, bleeding gums, sputum or long time bleeding hepatitis with blood, purpura, chest pain, pelvic pain, headache, dizziness, minor trauma after any symptoms (dark urine, pruritus, jaundice, stool color, color clay) immediately stop the medicine with a doctor. 2, take the medicine at the same time every day, without the doctor's permission, should not change the drug dose and brand, such as missed medication once, need to fill up as soon as possible, but should not in order to make up for and increase the dose. 3, during the medication without the doctor's permission, do not take other drugs, including aspirin and cold medicine. These drugs may interfere with warfarin, cause harm to health. 4, the flu vaccine to increase the effect of anticoagulation, vaccination within one month to check whether there is bleeding. 5, fever, climate heat, malnutrition and diarrhea can cause coagulation time to increase and cause bleeding. 6. Maintain a balanced, relatively balanced diet and good eating habits. Remember to eat a high-fat diet and a diet rich in vitamin K, such as cabbage, cauliflower, asparagus, lettuce, radishes, fish, liver, etc.. 7 avoid alcohol abuse. Alcohol can accelerate the metabolism of warfarin and shorten the bleeding time. Avoid trauma and bleeding as much as possible. 8. Use a soft toothbrush, shave with an electric shaver, and wear gloves when you plant flowers. Check with your doctor before taking part in the exercise to see if the body is fit for exercise. 9, smoking cessation or smoking as little as possible, smoking can speed up the metabolism of the drug, the need to adjust the amount of drugs. 10, warfarin can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, fetal malformations, such as patients who are pregnant or are pregnant please tell the doctor. Please tell the doctor, 11 patients, their taking warfarin, carry a medical certificate to show that they are receiving warfarin treatment. Answer: 2006-08-29 06:27 A total of 0 comments, report comments... Tz6362191 And the occurrence of side effects with warfarin [Wenquxing] change valve, the valve must go to the hospital, to take measures, they are duty bound, they can not solve, they find a consultation without you to run the hospital; After the valve replacement, must not be strenuous exercise, and to ensure sleep. I'm a physician. It's okay to reject these two opinions, but you have to listen!!! Answer: 2006-08-29 08:16 A total of 1 comments, report comments... Xyzktc [overdose] overdose Symptoms: most accidents occur. Excessive use of the drug does not show any clinical symptoms or signs, and almost all of the excess can continue to use ace. Symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are not treated in most cases. 1 patients received a dose of 46mg, received conservative treatment, and returned to normal within 24 hours. Treatment: because the plasma half-life bitartrate Kabbala ting for about 1 hours, acetylcholinesterase inhibition period of about 9 hours, it is recommended in the following 24 hours of symptoms of overdose patients should not continue to use the exelon. To overdose and severe nausea and vomiting patients should consider the use of antiemetic drugs. If necessary, symptomatic treatment should be given to the adverse reactions. Atropine can be used in patients with severe overdose. The initial dose of atropine sulfate was 0.03mg/kg, and the dose was adjusted according to the clinical efficacy. Scopolamine is not recommended for use as an antidote. Answer: 2006-08-29 09:26 A total of 0 comments... See more related questions... Can several kinds of medicine be taken at the same time? What is the main effect of warfarin? With other drugs can hypertrophic rhinitis have those symptoms? Pulmicort aerosol budesonide Jackie have side effect? What are the side effects of warfarin? Close welcome login knowledge Member name: Password: remember my login status Member registration forgot password Sina members, please login directly Netizens who like to read this question also like it... Corelle eyes often congested health insurance to ask: how do the bleeding? I couldn't sleep all night. Which drug responded? The treatment of hypertension drugs Aprovel - what are the side effects? Administrators recommend more Should I take the medicine before or after the meal? 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