足球场地标准尺寸(草皮)（Standard size of football field (SOD)）

足球场地标准尺寸(草皮)（Standard size of football field (SOD)） 足球场地标准尺寸(草皮)(Standard size of football field (SOD)) Standard size of football field (SOD) Standard size and description of football field Requirement: (1) site area: the venue should be rectangular in shape, its length should not be more than 120 meters or less than 90 meters, the width of not more than 90 meters or less than 45 meters (international competition venues length should not be more than 110 meters or less than 100 meters, the width of not more than 75 meters or less than 64 meters). In any case, the length must exceed the width. As Barcelona's home court the Nou Camp is relatively large, 107 meters long, 72 meters wide. Arsenal's Highbury home court is relatively small, 102 meters long, 63 meters wide FIFA stipulates that the standard football field has a length of 105m and a width of 68m (2) draw lines: the competition area should be in accordance with the plane drawing clear lines. Line width shall not exceed 12 cm, shall not be made into \U+201CV\U+201D shaped groove. The longer two lines are called the side lines, and the shorter two lines are called goal lines. A line across the court, called the center line, is painted in the middle. The center of the field should make a clear mark, and on this point as the center, with a radius of 9.15 m, draw a circle called the circle. The site should be on each corner of the vertical side of not less than 1.50 meters high flat roofed flagpole, on small side; similar to the flag and the vertical side of the flagpole can in the two sides of the site is the midline of the sidelines at least 1 meters. (3): the goal area at the venue from both ends of the goalposts inside 5.50 meters of the goal line, to a length of 5.50 meters and the goal line perpendicular to the line of the venue of the painting, one end connected to the goal line, the other end to draw a connection line and the goal line is parallel to the three lines and the goal line range a region called the goal area. (4): the penalty area at the venue from both ends of the goalposts inside 16.50 meters of the goal line, to a length of 16.50 meters and the goal line perpendicular to the line of the venue of the painting, the upper end is connected with the other end of the line to draw a connection line and the goal line is parallel to the three lines and the goal line range the area called the penalty area. At the midpoint of the two goal line, make a clear mark for 11 meters, called the penalty spot. Take the penalty point as the center of the circle, and with 9.15 meters as the radius, draw an arc outside the penalty area, called the free throw arc. (5) corner area: take the boundary line and the goal line intersection point as the circle point, take 1 meters as the radius, draws a section 1/4 circular arcs to the field, this arc area is called the corner area. (6) the goal: the goal should be located in the middle of each goal line, by two 7.32 meters apart, and two corner points of equal distance, upright post horizontal bar 2.44 meters from the ground with a lower edge connected, in order to ensure the safety of both the fixed goal or move the goal must be stably fixed on the ground. The width and thickness of the post and beam, should be symmetrical and equal, shall not exceed 12 cm. The net additional behind the goal posts and the crossbar and the ground. The net should be propped up, the goalkeeper has sufficient space activities. Note: the net allows made of hemp, jute or nylon. Nylon rope can be used, but not thinner than hemp or jute rope. Football fields (natural turf, artificial turf) Technical development level of international lawn soccer field When it comes to football, people naturally remember the beautiful lawn of the football field, because with the development of the times, just as judo must be on the carpet, football must be on the lawn. Tracing its history, about thirteenth Century, Britain has called a court (Lawn Bowling) Muqiu sports began to appear, this is the sport held early in the lawn, football was to seventeenth Century on the lawn in the United Kingdom have a public football lawn. By eighteenth Century, in addition to the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia and other countries Ping football field is also very popular. It is worth mentioning that in 1830 a British invention of the lawnmower, this invention not only ended by sheep grazing to maintain the lawn of the history, but also greatly promote the development of various sports including football on the lawn. So far, the L has been doing a lot of sports besides football, such as golf, baseball, rugby, horse racing, etc.. The construction and management of lawn soccer field has become a science, and the design and construction of the site has also formed a complete system. The design specifications for international football venues have some figures and basic principles that can be found in some books. This article simply introduces the development history and general performance requirements of soccer, as well as the causes of several popular soccer venues, for your reference. First, the development of the world lawn football field 1. European football stadium: The author has done a lot of research on football lawn in Germany, France, Britain and other countries. The main soil in these countries is sand. On the football table, the 30cm was completely filled with sand, and entered the 90s for trampling, Referenced in the turf study of the racetrack; mixed with the nets in the topsoil. Effectively enhance the soil's tear resistance. The main species are POA, POA and Festuca arundinacea. 2. sports venues in the United States and Canada In the early 60s, many universities in the United States did a lot of research on the technology of lawn sports, and there were many related research institutes. Till now, all the beds were made of sand. The commonly used construction systems are: PAT (Frescnpnon athlitic - turf system) system, CELL system. The biggest feature of this system is that it can be forced drainage, rainy days can continue to race, save water, high utilization of the site. 3. football venues in Australia, New Zealand and other countries: The national football field, horse racing and other sports venues in the field of soil is mainly in the sand, but there are also individual is the use of mixed soil, the grass in the Bermuda (Bermudagrass), local name Cauch grass. Perennial lawn maintained by year-round winter ryegrass. 4. football venues in our country The construction techniques of lawn farms have not been studied in china. After entering 80s, some football fields were transplanted with natural sod to produce football grounds. By 90s, with the rapid development of football, many sports venues were built from south to north. But the construction of the football ground has not improved, and some of the venues have simply come to understand the theories of foreign construction. As a result, most of the sites in China were very inefficient and difficult to maintain. In order to complete the competition, they had to reconstruct the surface repeatedly. Sometimes, for important matches, they have to be sealed six months ahead of schedule. The turf football field in some European countries, the state lawn intact can use 2-3 days per week. The seedbed was dominated by sandy loam and ten organic matter. The choice of grass species is also varied. As a matter of fact, the construction techniques of lawn soccer fields in China are far from the origins of some football countries, such as Britain and germany. In the intense competition of football, the tiny change of football field will affect the skill level of athletes. In many countries, the football training field requires the same service as the official venue. Chinese football should go to the world, how to make a first-class football training field and competition field, so that athletes in peacetime training has a good feeling, training excellent skills, is our professionals in the future research topic. Two, the necessary conditions for the construction of the football field: Lawn sports courts require highly manicured horse races from low pruning golf balls, either of which has the following conditions. The requirements of the football field are more stringent. Losing these features is not a good lawn football venue. 1., soil resistance to hardening is strong, resistant to trampling 2. soil compaction and lawn damage, quick recovery The 3. grass species have strong stem and leaf density and can form a beautiful lawn 4. grass species resistant to low pruning 5. good elasticity 6. the surface of the seedbed is firm and should not be dug up. The above necessary conditions to meet, but also for pest control, miscellaneous vehicles control, and lawn color is also a good football field is very important condition. Here are some of the football venues: 1.PAT (Prescription athlitie turf system): originally developed by Professor Padue University W.H. Daniel in the United states. Its structure is characterized by: All the bottom and sides are covered with impermeable plastic sheeting Fully set up the water supply and drainage pipes All the subsoil water wash sand particle size composition The temperature sensing probe arranged in the subsoil, using soil infiltration irrigation The water supply pump and the drainage pump are respectively connected with the water supply pipe and the water outlet pipe The utility model has the advantages that the water content of the soil is kept in the range of the optimum water content required by the pile by utilizing the function of the water supply and drainage pump, thus saving water on the one hand and reducing management cost on the other hand. And it can be quickly drained 2.CELL system The earliest development in Europe, is now the establishment system of Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries of the sports field mainly uses not seen. We should carry out research, experiment and absorption in light of China's national conditions. The main features are: The base plate is lined with impermeable plastic film Drainage ditch laying subsoil by comprehensive specifications of washed sand A humidity sensing probe is arranged in the bed soil To set the external drainage pump and drainage ditch is connected to and The irrigation is realized by pressurization of the water pump. The utility model has the advantages of water supply and drainage, free control, and water saving Three, soccer field construction auxiliary system 1 joined the tensile material; originally developed for the racetrack. The green and service areas of the golf course are followed. The main is to add some mesh materials to improve the stability of the soil surface in the subsoil. In 1985, the American A&M university professor was first employed in the construction. In 1992, Japan's national arena was reinvented. In 1992, several universities, football courts and horse racing venues were adopted in Hongkong. At present, there have been no reports in this field in China 2. underground heating system: the realization of four seasons evergreen. Mainly used for football, outdoor bowling alley Four, the football field lawn planting The construction of football field lawn mainly includes planting time, selection of grass species, turf bed treatment and sowing. 1. planting time: because the suitable growth temperature of different grass species is different, the choice of sentence is different. Cold seasonturfgrass suitable growth temperature is 15 to 25 DEG C, and therefore the construction of cold season turfgrass selection in early spring and autumn, spring lawn sprinkler pressure, compared with the susceptible weed invasion, contrast, autumn is the best planting time. Dry type in the summer cold season in China, summer rainy season turf is better. The suitable growth temperature of warm season turfgrass was 25 - 99'C, and the planting of warm season lawn was mainly in summer. 2. flat bed treatment: flat bed treatment is an important step in the establishment. It mainly includes soil cleaning, tillage, leveling, improvement, fertilization and drainage, irrigation system installation and so on. Carefully remove the flat bed of construction waste, weeds and other debris, the sand or peat, and improve soil permeability, according to soil fertility, planting appropriate fertilizer diammonium phosphate, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer yield amount per square meter should be 30--409 (organic fertilizer appropriate to increase the turf) should give full consideration to the ground drainage problems. The 3. species selection and mixed proportion: suitable for the local climate and soil conditions is an important prerequisite for the success of lawn grass turf, its basic principles: first, to choose a suitable soil and climate conditions of local species, the first choice of survival, then select the color, texture, uniformity etc. Secondly, according to the different management conditions to choose suitable varieties of ordered complementary, so mixed sowing is widely used for the football field turf way. The important basis of the blending of turf grass species is to take full account of the uniformity of the appearance, texture and other aspects of mixed sowing and planting lawns, so as to have complete and uniform landscape effects. Different areas, the same area, different uses of football sites, grass mixing and proportion are different, and the management conditions are good or bad, the proportion of mixed sowing is also different. 4., sowing methods and sowing quantity: football field lawn sowing to broadcast mainly, sowing quantity because of different varieties have different, different species of grass sowing quantity can refer to the relevant books. Five lawn football site management As the saying goes, three points planting, seven points conservation, lawn management is good or bad, determines the success or failure of lawn construction, lawn daily management mainly includes the following aspects: 1. irrigation: lawn construction after entering the maintenance management stage, even after sowing irrigation, you can use surface movement, underground fixed, and other irrigation methods. Adequate water supply is the key to ensure the success of the establishment. At the seedling stage to ensure adequate water, new turf in the process is not timely irrigation is one of the important reasons for the failure of establishment. Mature lawn irrigation, the king should consider irrigation time, irrigation and soil properties, high temperature in the summer season, lawn irrigation should be avoided at noon or night, to prevent the harm caused by the high lying wet disease on the lawn. 2. pruning: pruning is an important measure of planting high quality lawn, its basic principle to follow is 1 / 3 cut to the total height of the first trim in a lawn to about 7cm, the new lawn timely pruning, can promote turf tiller and increase plant density. Mature lawn pruning in green, can promote the green lawn in advance, the appropriate use of turfgrass agent, can reduce the number of turf construction, promote tillering, increase plant density, improve the resistance of lawn car. When the lawn is stressed by adverse factors, it is necessary to improve the height of lawn mowing to improve the resistance of lawn. The quality of lawn mowing depends on the type of cutting machine used, the method of pruning and the time for pruning. 3., top dressing: top dressing is as important to lawn management as irrigation and pruning. The application of P and K fertilizer was dominant during the growing season. Because of the use of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the grass stems and leaves grow rapidly, resulting in heat resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance of turf and reduce trampling resistance. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided in high temperature and high humidity seasons, and potash fertilizer should be the main fertilizer. Generally use 3 - 5 times per season, and the amount of fertilizer is 5 - 10, open m2 / times. 4. weed control: turf control involves a wide range of fields, including the occurrence of weeds, pesticide use, lawn management measures and other comprehensive measures to prevent. In addition, China is a big agricultural country, Long term use of vehicle removing agents in weed control resulted in resistance of weeds to herbicides. With the rapid development and spread of drug-resistant weeds, a new problem of weed management based on chemical hoe resistance is proposed. Therefore, lawn weed control has become one of the main problems in turf management, and a new problem has been put forward. Therefore, lawn weed control has become one of the main problems in turf management. According to the regularity of weeds, the best method of lawn weeds in the biological control, by choosing appropriate grass mixed combinations, the best sowing period, to avoid the high incidence of weeds, water and fertilizer management on the reasonable Che Ping, increase the pruning frequency, promote the growth of lawn grass and weeds, enhance competition ability. The occurrence of weed suppression. 5., pest control: pest control in lawn maintenance and management occupies an important position, it should be paid enough attention to lawn managers.