正面描写和侧面描写

正面描写和侧面描写 正面描写和侧面描写(学案) 班别: 姓名: 【概念诠释】记叙文的描写从描写的角度划分，可以分为正面描写和侧面描写。我们常说的人物描写角度主要是正侧反(虚实)。描写景物的角度较多:感觉(视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉);动静;上下远近;俯仰平眺;虚实;点面;形声色等等。 正面描写是对人物做正面的刻画，直接把人物的外貌、心理、语言和行动等方面呈现在读者面前。出色的正面描写摹形传神，细致入微，所以很多肖像描写、语言描写、心理描写和行动描写，也叫细节描写。(上学期学过) 侧面描写是指不直接呈现所描写的对象，而是通过对周围其他人物或环境的描写来表现烘托所要描写的对象的一种描写方法。分为以人衬人和以景(物)衬人。《列子》中有这么个故事:薛谭拜秦青为师学唱歌，未学到家而自以为了不得了，“遂辞归”。秦青“饯于郊衢，抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云”。作者并没有直接描写秦青的唱技如何精湛，而是从他的“悲歌”能使林木动容，使飘浮的白云停息欣赏的角度来进行侧面烘托。林、云本无灵性，然“悲歌”却能“使本无生命和情趣的外物仿佛具有人的生命活动，使本来只有物理的东西显得有人情”(朱光潜语)了。试想，如果没有高超的唱技，“悲歌”何以如此感天地、泣林木, 注意:诗歌中无论写景还是写人也有正面描写和侧面描写。李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中，“天姥连天向天横，势拔五岳掩赤城”这两句主要是正面描写，表现其高峻奇伟之势;“天台一万八千丈，对此欲倒东南倾”，则是用侧面描写烘托天姥山的高峻奇伟。王昌龄的《从军行(七)》写到:大漠风尘日色昏，红旗半卷出辕门。前军夜战洮河北，已报生擒吐谷浑。诗人没有直接描绘战争的场面，而是通过侧面的描写或渲染来表现，使全诗显得含蓄蕴藉，回味无穷。其实，换个角度分析，又有实写虚写、点面结合、动静结合之说。如“明月松间照，清泉石上流”，“明月照”是静景，“清泉流”是动景，两句动静结合，描画出一幅恬静优美的月夜图。另外还有细描、白描、细节描写等。此点在此稍作提示，诗歌复习中还要重点突破。 【方法引领】 1、正面描写。要刻画出人物的特征，突出人物个性，从而表现所要表达的主。 2、侧面描写 (1)确定好自己所要表现的主题，不能喧宾夺主地过多使用侧面描写。 (2)侧面描写的事物要选择能起烘托作用或产生对比效果的事物。 注意:适当的侧面描写，能起到很多作用，但它毕竟是辅助手段，要与正面描写相结合。正面描写，侧面烘托,完美的人物刻画 【片段赏析】 重点赏析侧面描写。 1、以人衬人 green space to drain that: (1), to drain the slopes meet the design requirements, pipe elevation deviation shall not exceed ? 10MM. (2), pipe connections require socket or confinement of the interfaces should be straight, ring-shaped gap should be uniform. Gray should be dense, full, with interface surfaces should be smooth, uninterrupted and cracks and hollowing phenomenon. (3), drainage pipeline depth should according to water wells and linking the slope of the pipe and the external loads identified, overburden depth not less than 30CM. C when using external drainage, green water, open ditch near the bottom shall be not less than the high water level of water. Second, ensure good maintenance management of organizational measures 1, organizational measures and technical measures (1) the Organization establishing on-site management of the guarantee system, established based on the maintenance lead maintenance quality management assurance system, implementation of project quality management by objective. According to the characteristics of this conservation project, clear criteria for departments working duties, forming an effective quality assurance system. (2) the establishment of a complete system of quality inspection and supervision to ensure: group self-inspection, mutual, head of reinspection, lead check and unit leadership, party a staff review. 2, technical measures (1) watering ? water should be set depending on the weather conditions, on sunny days, flowers and watering in the afternoon every day, woody plants watered once a day. ? to clean the tree easy line of water to people, so pay attention to pedestrians before opening water cannon dynamic, open to short distance when spraying (beckoned passers-by), in principle every time the grass sprayed 10 minutes, spraying throughout the remaining 20 minutes. (2) spray ? sprays in this context, refers to ?、《陌上桑》写罗敷: 青丝为笼系，桂枝为笼钩。头上倭堕髻，耳中明月珠;缃绮为下裙，紫绮为上襦。行者见罗敷，下担捋髭须。少年见罗敷，脱帽著帩头。耕者忘其犁，锄者忘其锄;来归相怨怒，但坐观罗敷。 分析:前半段为正面描写，后半段诗中通过长者、少年、耕者、锄者的不同动作、神态、表情，烘托出了罗敷的美丽。这种方法属于以人衬人 ?《老残游记》中“明湖居听书”写白妞演唱: 黑妞儿唱完之后，旁坐有两人，其一人低声问那人道:“此想必是白妞了罢,”其一人道:“不是。这人叫黑妞，是白妞的妹子。他的调门儿都是白妞教的，若比白妞，还不晓得差多远呢～他的好处人说得出，白妞的好处人说不出;他的好处人学的到，白妞的好处人学不到。你想，这几年来，好顽耍的谁不学他们的调儿呢,就是窑子里的姑娘，也人人都学，只是顶多有一两句到黑妞的地步。若白妞的好处，从没有一个人能及他十分里的一分的。 分析:本节通过听者的谈论与，烘托出白妞儿的唱艺水平之高。 ?《口技》中，为了表现口技艺人的高超技艺，就成功地使用了多种侧面描写的方法:当艺人摹仿发生大火的情景时，观众的反应是“两股战战，几欲先走”。 分析:这是以观众的反应衬托口技的高超，这是以人衬人，是正衬;当演出结束时，写舞台上的布置是“一桌、一椅、一扇、一抚尺而已”，这里是以道具的简陋反衬口技的高超，这是以物衬人，是反衬。 2、以景(物)衬人 ?白居易的《琵琶行》在使用动作、神态和比喻正面描写琵琶女的精彩弹奏后，再用“东船西舫悄无言，唯见江心秋月白”从外部环境上加以烘托，侧面表现琵琶女弹奏的魅力。正侧结合，有力表现了琵琶女的高超技艺和复杂心情，为作者发出同是天涯沦落人的千古感叹做了铺垫。 韩愈的《听颖师弹琴》和李贺的《李凭箜篌引》，都是描写音乐表现人物心情的杰作，化无形为有形，正面侧面结合，有力表现了演奏人的高超技艺和人物心情。所不同的是前者正面描写中主要运用了通感的修辞手法，侧面描写中通过描写听众感受表现乐声美妙，而后者正面描写中主要运用了比喻、拟人的修辞手法，侧面描写时通过描写音乐效果表现乐声动人 ?“两岸的豆麦和河底的水草所发散出来的清香，夹杂在水气中扑面的吹来;月色便朦胧在这水气里。淡黑的起伏的连山，仿佛是踊跃的铁的兽脊似的，都远远的向船尾跑去了，但我却还以为船慢。”通过描写江南水乡清新优美的图景，通过原本静止的景物飞驰来衬托船行疾速，从而烘托出我急于看到社戏的愉悦而迫切的心情。 ?“这女人编着席。不久在她的身子下面，就编成了一大片。她像坐在一片洁白的雪地上，也像坐在一片洁白的云彩上。她有时望望淀里，淀里也是一片银白世界。水面笼起一层薄薄透明的雾，风吹过来，带着新鲜的荷叶荷花香。”作者用优美的环境描写烘托了水生嫂愉悦的心情和高洁的品质，同时为下文情节的铺展做好铺垫。 green space to drain that: (1), to drain the slopes meet the design requirements, pipe elevation deviation shall not exceed ? 10MM. (2), pipe connections require socket or confinement of the interfaces should be straight, ring-shaped gap should be uniform. Gray should be dense, full, with interface surfaces should be smooth, uninterrupted and cracks and hollowing phenomenon. (3), drainage pipeline depth should according to water wells and linking the slope of the pipe and the external loads identified, overburden depth not less than 30CM. C when using external drainage, green water, open ditch near the bottom shall be not less than the high water level of water. Second, ensure good maintenance management of organizational measures 1, organizational measures and technical measures (1) the Organization establishing on-site management of the guarantee system, established based on the maintenance lead maintenance quality management assurance system, implementation of project quality management by objective. According to the characteristics of this conservation project, clear criteria for departments working duties, forming an effective quality assurance system. (2) the establishment of a complete system of quality inspection and supervision to ensure: group self-inspection, mutual, head of reinspection, lead check and unit leadership, party a staff review. 2, technical measures (1) watering ? water should be set depending on the weather conditions, on sunny days, flowers and watering in the afternoon every day, woody plants watered once a day. ? to clean the tree easy line of water to people, so pay attention to pedestrians before opening water cannon dynamic, open to short distance when spraying (beckoned passers-by), in principle every time the grass sprayed 10 minutes, spraying throughout the remaining 20 minutes. (2) spray ? sprays in this context, refers to 【课堂练笔】 “一个雨夜，母亲去参加我校举办的家长会去了，墙上的时钟已走过八点，母亲快回来了„„”请大家展开想象，塑造在特定情况下我的形象，要求运用正面描写和侧面描写相结合的手法。150字左右。 读一读 二 、风 这一年，春天来的较早。在我满月的前几天，北京已经刮过两三次大风。是的，北京的春风似乎不是把春天送来，而是狂暴地要把春天吹跑。在那年月，人们只知道砍树，不晓得栽树，慢慢的山成了秃山，地成了光地。从前，就连我们的小小的坟地上也有三五株柏树，可是到我父亲这一辈，这已经变为传说了。北边的秃山挡不住来自塞外的狂风，北京的城墙，虽然那么坚厚，也挡不住它。寒风，卷着黄沙，鬼哭神号地吹来，天昏地暗，日月无光。青天变成黄天，降落着黄沙。地上，含有马尿驴粪的黑土与鸡毛蒜皮一齐得意地飞向天空。半空中，黑黄上下，渐渐混合，结成一片深灰的沙雾，遮住阳光。太阳所在的地方，黄中透出红来，像凝固了的血块。 风来了，铺户外的冲天牌楼唧唧吱吱地乱响，布幌子吹碎，带来不知多少里外的马嘶牛鸣。大树把梢头低得不能再低，干枝子与干槐豆纷纷降落，树杈上的鸦巢七零八散。甬路与便道上所有的灰土似乎都飞起来，对面不见人。不能不出门的人们，像鱼在惊涛骇浪中挣扎，顺着风走的身不自主地向前飞奔;逆着风走的两腿向前，而身子后退。他们的身上、脸上落满了黑土，像刚由地下钻出来;发红的眼睛不断流出泪来，给鼻子两旁冲出两条小泥沟。 那在屋中的苦人们，觉得山墙在摇动，屋瓦被揭开，不知哪一会儿就连房带人一齐被刮 到什么地方去。风从四面八方吹进来，把一点点暖气都排挤出去，水缸里白天就冻了冰。桌上、炕上，落满了腥臭的灰土，连正在熬开了的豆汁，也中间翻着白浪，而锅边上是黑黑的一圈。 一会儿，风从高空呼啸而去;一会儿，又擦着地皮袭来，撞击着院墙，呼隆呼隆地乱响，把院中的破纸与干草叶儿刮得不知上哪里去才好。一阵风过去，大家一齐吐一口气，心由高处落回原位。可是，风又来了，使人感到眩晕。天、地，连皇城的红墙与金銮宝殿似乎都在颤抖。太阳失去光彩，北京变成任凭飞沙走石横行无忌的场所。狂风怕日落，大家都盼着那不像样子的太阳及早落下去。 傍晚，果然静寂下来。大树的枝条又都直起来，虽然还时时轻摆，可显着轻松高兴。院里比刚刚扫过还更干净，破纸什么的都不知去向，只偶然有那么一两片藏在墙角里。窗楞上堆着些小小的坟头儿，土极干极细。窗台上这里厚些，那里薄些，堆着一片片的浅黄色细土，像沙滩在水退之后，留下水溜的痕迹。大家心中安定了一些，都盼望明天没有一点儿风。可是，谁知道准怎么样呢～那时候，没有天气预报啊。 要不怎么说，我的福气不小呢～我满月的那一天，不但没有风，而且青天上来了北归较早的大雁。虽然是不多的几只，可是清亮的鸣声使大家都跑到院中，抬着头指指点点，并且念道着:“七九河开，八九雁来”，都很兴奋。大家也附带着发现，台阶的砖缝里露出一小丛嫩绿的香蒿叶儿来。～无风的时候感到春天来临。 阅读提问:从文中找出侧面描写的句子，说说写出了风的什么特点。 附: 这是一篇写景的文章，作者描绘了旧北京春天刮风的情景。原本无形的风在作者笔下却能看得见，听得到，摸得着，给人以身临其境之感。 green space to drain that: (1), to drain the slopes meet the design requirements, pipe elevation deviation shall not exceed ? 10MM. (2), pipe connections require socket or confinement of the interfaces should be straight, ring-shaped gap should be uniform. Gray should be dense, full, with interface surfaces should be smooth, uninterrupted and cracks and hollowing phenomenon. (3), drainage pipeline depth should according to water wells and linking the slope of the pipe and the external loads identified, overburden depth not less than 30CM. C when using external drainage, green water, open ditch near the bottom shall be not less than the high water level of water. Second, ensure good maintenance management of organizational measures 1, organizational measures and technical measures (1) the Organization establishing on-site management of the guarantee system, established based on the maintenance lead maintenance quality management assurance system, implementation of project quality management by objective. According to the characteristics of this conservation project, clear criteria for departments working duties, forming an effective quality assurance system. (2) the establishment of a complete system of quality inspection and supervision to ensure: group self-inspection, mutual, head of reinspection, lead check and unit leadership, party a staff review. 2, technical measures (1) watering ? water should be set depending on the weather conditions, on sunny days, flowers and watering in the afternoon every day, woody plants watered once a day. ? to clean the tree easy line of water to people, so pay attention to pedestrians before opening water cannon dynamic, open to short distance when spraying (beckoned passers-by), in principle every time the grass sprayed 10 minutes, spraying throughout the remaining 20 minutes. (2) spray ? sprays in this context, refers to 首先，以“物”写风。狂风袭来，黄沙乱飞，“含有马尿驴粪的黑土与鸡毛蒜皮”一起飞向天空。大树低头，枯枝降落，树上的鸟巢被刮得“七零八散”。这里作者没有直接说出“风大”二字，但我们是能从侧面描写之中感受到风力之大的。 其次，以“人”写风。“不能不出门的人们，像鱼在惊涛骇浪中挣扎，顺着风走的身不自主地向前飞奔;逆着风走的两腿向前，而身子后退。”这是多么大的风，大得人们连自己的行动都不能控制了。人们“觉得山墙在摇动，屋瓦被揭开，不知哪一会儿就连房带人一齐被刮到什么地方去”。“一阵风过去，大家一齐吐一口气，心由高处落回原位。”可见风力之猛。 写一写:《留在记忆深处的那个他(她)》，要求运用正面描写与侧面描写相结合的写法，并划出侧面描写的语句。 green space to drain that: (1), to drain the slopes meet the design requirements, pipe elevation deviation shall not exceed ? 10MM. (2), pipe connections require socket or confinement of the interfaces should be straight, ring-shaped gap should be uniform. Gray should be dense, full, with interface surfaces should be smooth, uninterrupted and cracks and hollowing phenomenon. (3), drainage pipeline depth should according to water wells and linking the slope of the pipe and the external loads identified, overburden depth not less than 30CM. C when using external drainage, green water, open ditch near the bottom shall be not less than the high water level of water. Second, ensure good maintenance management of organizational measures 1, organizational measures and technical measures (1) the Organization establishing on-site management of the guarantee system, established based on the maintenance lead maintenance quality management assurance system, implementation of project quality management by objective. According to the characteristics of this conservation project, clear criteria for departments working duties, forming an effective quality assurance system. (2) the establishment of a complete system of quality inspection and supervision to ensure: group self-inspection, mutual, head of reinspection, lead check and unit leadership, party a staff review. 2, technical measures (1) watering ? water should be set depending on the weather conditions, on sunny days, flowers and watering in the afternoon every day, woody plants watered once a day. ? to clean the tree easy line of water to people, so pay attention to pedestrians before opening water cannon dynamic, open to short distance when spraying (beckoned passers-by), in principle every time the grass sprayed 10 minutes, spraying throughout the remaining 20 minutes. (2) spray ? sprays in this context, refers to green space to drain that: (1), to drain the slopes meet the design requirements, pipe elevation deviation shall not exceed ? 10MM. (2), pipe connections require socket or confinement of the interfaces should be straight, ring-shaped gap should be uniform. Gray should be dense, full, with interface surfaces should be smooth, uninterrupted and cracks and hollowing phenomenon. (3), drainage pipeline depth should according to water wells and linking the slope of the pipe and the external loads identified, overburden depth not less than 30CM. C when using external drainage, green water, open ditch near the bottom shall be not less than the high water level of water. Second, ensure good maintenance management of organizational measures 1, organizational measures and technical measures (1) the Organization establishing on-site management of the guarantee system, established based on the maintenance lead maintenance quality management assurance system, implementation of project quality management by objective. According to the characteristics of this conservation project, clear criteria for departments working duties, forming an effective quality assurance system. (2) the establishment of a complete system of quality inspection and supervision to ensure: group self-inspection, mutual, head of reinspection, lead check and unit leadership, party a staff review. 2, technical measures (1) watering ? water should be set depending on the weather conditions, on sunny days, flowers and watering in the afternoon every day, woody plants watered once a day. ? to clean the tree easy line of water to people, so pay attention to pedestrians before opening water cannon dynamic, open to short distance when spraying (beckoned passers-by), in principle every time the grass sprayed 10 minutes, spraying throughout the remaining 20 minutes. (2) spray ? sprays in this context, refers to