2011托福(TOEFL)考试 托福口语 托福听力 托福阅读 托福写作(1)

2011托福(TOEFL)考试 托福口语 托福听力 托福阅读 托福写作(1) 托福口语指导:如何在两周内备考口语, 托福口语的准备需要多长时间,一般来说，口语的提高是一个慢慢积累的过程，需要很长的时间。而要战胜托福口语考试，我们往往拿不出那么多的时间去练习口语，只能在口语水平已经给定的情况下作应试的冲刺和准备。这个时间并不需要太长，一般来说两周就差不多了。下面是一个大致的两周复习，可以作为参考。 第一周所要做的是从整体上锻炼自己的口语和思维。 复习材料在以往的机经/李笑来作文书上185篇的目/官方指南后面列作文题目这三者选一个就可以了。这里推荐用李笑来的作文书，因为那上面可以看看别人的作文观点的展开，知道自己可以说什么，而且可以顺便练习一下作文。 具体的方法是:随机挑一个题目，准备15秒，说45秒。如此反复地练100道题目，绝对会有效果。练到70-80道的时候你就能感觉到几乎所有的话题你至少都能说上一分钟了，这样保证了考试时绝对不会冷场。 第二周就是模考练习了。 需要找一些模考软件，如BARRON、DELTA等。托福官网的样题也一定要去做一遍，那个试题的口语部分给出了bad， fair， good三个分数段的样板，可以参照样板给自己估估分，更重要的是自己知道了努力的方向。这里没有什么方法可言，除了不断地练习。每天坚持练口语1个小时以上，题目可以重复做。 最开始两天熟悉题型，后来几天着重注意自己的解题技巧。托福口语的模板性很强，把自己的模板固定下来是这个时期的任务。 希望以上两点对即将考托福的朋友们有所帮助。 名师指点:托福考试口语过关的七大武器 第一种武器:多做真题和模拟题。 要想回答问题深入透彻，首先要摸透出题人的思路，弄明白人家想让你回答什么。这需要大量的做真题和模拟题，从规律中掌握题路。这点是用于各个部分的考试的真理，不用多言。 第二种武器:多用简单句，少用长句。 mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 美国人说话最讲究简洁明快，而且通常只求达意并不注重语法。ETS网考基于实际应用的角度，更加注重语言的人性化，所以，在做口语题的时候学生应该学会多用名词动词，少用形容词副词，多用简单句短句，少用复合句长句。这样不仅可以满足表达清晰易懂的评分条件，同时还能满足语法准确的要求，可谓一石二鸟之计。当然，中间适当点缀一两句烂熟于胸的经典俚语，效果自然事半功倍。 第三种武器:倒金字塔结构 因为时间短，任务重，而且要满足组织严密结构完整的要求，那么一个比较不错的办法就是效法新闻的经典写法倒金字塔结构。 第一步、正视问题，直接回答答案。 第二步、紧紧围绕核心答案再有一部分解释。 第三步、讲一些相对而言比较外延的东西。这样一来，即使时间不够的情况下，少说一部分并不影响答案的整体性，并且重点突出，条理清晰。但是，最后一定要记得在结尾处重新点题，这样首尾呼应的结构会使主题非常突出。 第四种武器:经典五要素法。 所谓经典五要素，是WHO WHAT WHY WHERE HOW。谁，在什么时间什么地点做了什么事情，理由是什么,在做第3、第4题的时候，由于增加了课堂对话和场景演讲，要在做笔记的时候将这些要素点记下来，然后在答题的时候将这些要素组织起来，就是一段逻辑性强、主题明确、结构完整的口语答案了。ETS对于口语表达的谋篇结构不会苛刻的要求，只要条理清晰，逻辑完整就会得到不错的分数。 第五种武器:多做录音对比练习。 ETS的考试是基于美式英语基础上的，而且口语的评分老师也是美国人，所以如果能熟练掌握美音在口语这种主观题考试里是会有便宜可占的。最好的办法就是:精听和跟读。 在精听的过程中，要学会找出听力词汇，就是外国人常连读的那些词和常用的一些连词，将它们烂熟于胸，据为己有。然后进行跟读训练，将自己的声音录下来与原声对比，然后再反复纠正、模仿，直至以假乱真。这样你的口语才会给评分老师留下自然、地道的印象。 第六种武器:放慢语速，音量适中。 在口语考试中，中等偏慢的语速是保证停顿次数减少的一个办法，放慢的语速可以让你边说边想。如果一旦出现思想断流，这时候在精听过程中已被你据为己有的常用连词就会出来填补空间，使整个答案保持流畅。 mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 第七种武器:词汇。 词汇不讲究量，2500左右足亦，不讲究难度，常用词足亦，关键是熟练掌握和运用一些小的转折连词、动词和美国口语的惯用方法，这能让整个口语听起来感觉精彩。比如，描述一个人聪明的时候，如果你用的是smart而不是clever，会给人眼前一亮的感觉，会感受到你的口语是流淌出来的，而不是挤出来的。 考生必知:新托福口语考试要求七大 首先看一下新托福口语要求的七个方面的标准，具体如下: 1. 中心是否切题: 解释:考察考生所表达的口语内容是否完整、准确地回答了题目的要求。考察重点在于考生是否能够准确理解题意和准确迎合题意两个层次。 2. 意思是否明白: 解释:考察考生所表达的口语内容是否能够被明白地理解，还是表面上很流利，而实际上语义含糊、不知所云。 3. 结构是否严密: 解释:考察考生是否有能力将口语用严密的结构和逻辑表达出来，还是缺乏层次，信马由缰。 4. 表达是否连贯: 解释:考察考生口语的语流是否有停顿，这包括思维停顿和表达停顿两方面的原因或表现。但此标准并未对考生的口语表达速度作硬性的要求 5. 发音是否清楚: 解释:考察考生的发音是否能够做到纯正、清晰。起码理解起来并不因为口音的问题存在障碍。 6. 语法是否正确: 解释:考察考生是否能够熟练的使用较复杂的句子结构表达思想，同时尽量避免错误。 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 7. 词汇是否熟练: 解释:考察考生是否可以掌握足够的英语词汇进行表达，考察重点在熟练度和准确度两个方面。但此标准并未对考生的用词难度作硬性的要求。 结合上面的要求，我认为口语考试大致从三个方面考察考生。一，逻辑性;二，语言表述;三，语言能力。上述七个标准里的1、2、3大至可划分为第一类，即要考察学生的思维逻辑性。这就首先要求学生在较短的准备时间里迅速审清题目要求，然后在头脑中形成一个清晰的纲要。这样可以使自己的叙述内容清晰而有条理。标准4主要考察学生的语言表达能力，比如连贯性、清晰度和信息量等。评分标准里并没有对语速有硬性要求。但建议考生语速保持在中速的水平上，因为过慢会使得信息量小，让考官怀疑你的语言能力，而过快又会容易出错，不易让自己有思考的时间。标准5、6、7是对语言能力的考察。这就要求考生平时注重自己语言基本功的训练。跟读模仿可以纠正自己的发音，背诵可以增加词汇量，句式结构和地道的英语表述方法。 下面我以托福口语task1为例来分析一下具体的答题技巧。 托福口语Task1大至可分为四类，分别为人物类、事物类、地点类以及事件类。我们以人物类为例。首先人物类的题目一般会要求你对一个人进行描述，比如你所尊敬的人或者对你影响很大的人，并且会要求你用具体的细节及例证进行支持自己的观点。如2008年6月22日的口语第一题目，Describe the famous person you admire most. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples to support your response.。 遇到这样的题目，首先要确定一个topic sentence，然后再迅速地构建supporting Ideas. Topic sentence 一般比较好确定，关键再与能否用具体的details 和 examples 有力支撑你的topic sentence. 拿到这个题目后，最好迅速的针对这个famous person 身上的特质做一个分类，比如他的achievement 和他的character. 确定好从这两方面展开叙述后，就应当分别找出各自具体的examples. 比如你要写一个作家的话，在achievement 方面，你就可以简单列上作家的书名以及此书如何改变了你人生观，以及帮助你养成良好的习惯等。而在character方面，你就要以你脑袋里出现的几个形容人的单词为点。此时，在15秒的准备时间里，考生最好在纸上简单的写下几个对你有提示性的单词。如humorous， open-minded， easy-going， warm-hearted， knowledgeable， versatile„。然后再连点成线，组合成句子。此时我们可以用描述的方法把观点同意转换，如He is warm-hearted and he never hesitate to help those in need。我们也可以用举例的方法来进行扩展，比如He is versatile and he’s not only a famous writer but also an excellent racing drivier。 口语考试要求考生在短时间内针对一个题目清晰地讲述出自己的观点或者对别人的话进行复述总结评价，这不仅需要平时基本功的积累，有针对性的练习，还需要充分的准备。mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 所以建议考生应该针对不同的题目类型准备至少三个不同的答案，以备考试期间的灵活运用。 托福考试听力部分是否记笔记以及如何记笔记 关于是否要记笔记，观点不一，但是大家都还是希望能有个记笔记的方法，我就自己的考试经验和大家分享一下。我下面所说的方法，适用于听力能大概听懂，找不到重点的，全听不懂的，需要先练习精听，再练习下面的记笔记方法。 首先一定要把精力放在听懂上面，尽量少写，要尽量抓住文章的脉络。因为考题50%都考基本理解的。有人会问，怎么抓,你把能找到的新托福的讲座段子，听个30-40个，每听3遍，每次听都注重听讲座的结构，录音中给出重点的地方，我相信30个以后你一定会找到感觉。 其次，笔记也是必不可少的，特别是对细节题来说。如果不记笔记，别想全部答对。(记忆力超强的人除外)。对于一个讲座，熟悉结构之后，就知道哪里该记，哪里不该记。另外，平时要练习速写，对于单词，要学会用符号，和三五个字母写出来。对于听不懂的单词，要进行原音重现，就是说，把发音大概写出来，如果考试考到你，那么题目中会有这个单词，你找发音的对应就可以了。 第三，也是最重要的，怎么记笔记。什么是细节, 一般讲座的结构如下，需要你分重点决定要记哪个。 1. 主题:反复重复的词，或者是开头直接阐述，主要听。 2. 定义，解释，主要听 3. 举例子，(一定会考为什么提到这个例子，所以例子说明什么要听懂，细节不用记) 4. 比较，相同点，不同点(distinction， similarity)，一定要写笔记。 5. 分类(一定要写。一定会有考题，而且信息多，容易乱) 6. 列举(there are many reasons for this the extinction of.。..)要记笔记。说的特别快的列举到不一定写，也不会考。 7. 原因，结果，要记笔记。 8. 转折，要记 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 9. 强调(重读，重复，停顿，副词强调，句子强调(this is very important..keep in mind.。.)，说什么东西有意思interesting， 最高级，序数词)， 一定要记。 10. 结论，作业。主要听就好了。 注意:其他提醒，例如:开头的核心词是process， procedure，一定要注意听过程，要把过程写下来，以免考排序或者考搭配题。主题是讲the formation of 。..那么一定要听动词，怎样形成的。主题讲的是style，要听到底是哪几种style， 代表作是什么。也就是说，主题决定了你后面要抓什么样的信息点。另外，每个主题也是都有讲座的规律的，需要自己总结。例如，动物话题会考动物习性，动物之间的关系，动物的生存状况。那你听到这些就要注意。 如果能把握这10点，一个讲座的核心内容也就抓住了。一个讲座不会每个点都出现，每次听讲座都注意听这些地方，就不会丢信息。如果你记忆力特别好，很多东西都可以不写，只是提醒自己，这里是重点，我要仔细听就好了。千万不要因为记笔记而漏听下面一句，我的老师告诉过我，下一句永远最重要。我属于记性不好的，我必须要写下来，才能记住。 另外一点大家其实要明白，有时候记笔记只是加深你的印象，做题的时候没太多时间去看笔记，所以不用担心自己记的怎样。但是像比较的时候，分类的时候，列举的时候，还是需要对照笔记的。所以自己取决一下到底什么时候该写。像我说的听30个，每个听3遍，肯定就找到感觉了 托福(TOEFL)考试听力部分制胜的三大核心能力 托福听力制胜的三大核心能力 从老托到新托的改革，最大的变化就是凸显了听说的重要性。新托福不仅删除了中国学生比较擅长的语法题，更令大部分中国学生抓狂的是，ETS在新托福当中极大限度的增加了对考生听力能力的测试。听力部分的讲座更加模拟美国大学真实课堂，讲座时间更加长;除了阅读部分不涉及听力之外，新托福口语和写作部分都有题目需要先听后说和先听后写。所以，在这样一个形势之下，对于每一个心怀出国梦想的人来说，攻克托福就意味着必须先修炼出强大而敏锐的英语听力能力，并且是真正的实力，因为只有实力，才能让你以不变应万变，因为只有实力，才能让你在去了美国之后，享受一流的大学课堂，真正学到知识。 当然，托福听力并不可怕，它的提高是有方法的，而且必须遵循正确的方法。在我看来，托福听力的提高三分天下。 一、辨音能力 听力的境界有高下之分，刚开始的时候，是一个单词一个单词地去听，慢慢地可以一mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 个意群一个意群地去听，再后来，可以一个句子一个句子地去听，当然，到了一定境界，你就会忘记你听到的是英语，而进入耳朵的只是一个一个的意思，这就像你听汉语一样，我们从来不去想“我正在听汉语”。这是一种“得意忘形”的境界。如果你达到了这种境界，那么托福听力立刻就成了我们小学的社会科学课考试，极其简单。但是，对于一个跟着中国的中学教育、大学教育，然后考过四六级的人来说，是远远达不到这种境界的。所以，在准备托福听力的时候，我们首先要做的功课，那就是解决对英语的辨音能力。辨音能力指的是听到一个单词能反应出它的意思，让它成为你的积极的听觉词汇。 解决辨音能力最有效的两个方法:一是听写，二是精听。 1. 听写 听写指的是将一篇听力录音中的原文全部听抄下来。对于准备托福考试的考生而言，最好的听写材料就是老托的段子。听写能最有效的检验和提高一个人的辨音能力，听写之后对照正确文本，反复再听，直到可以全部听清楚为止，这是听力提高最有效的方法。 2. 精听 精听指的是一边看着正确的文本一边听录音，听的时候要划出自己不熟悉的单词，在第一遍录音结束后查单词，然后再反复听，直到可以脱稿听为止。精听最适合的材料是SSS(Scientific American’s Sixty-second Science)，因为它非常短，只有一分钟，但信息量很大，更重要的是，它是托福听力出题的重要来源。 二、反应速度 以英语为母语的人在听到一个单词之后的反应速度是0.03秒，我们不是以英语为母语的，所以我们对单词的反应速度可能不能完全达到这个指标，但是尽可能地去接近它，无疑是取得托福听力高分必须做到功课。因为你在听托福听力的时候，ETS不可能等你听明白了前面的单词，然后再放后面的录音，而事实上，托福听力的语速也只是美国大学教授上课的一半语速，所以，不仅为了取得托福高分，更重要的是为了到美国能跟上美国的课堂，我们花大力气将反应速度练上去是完全必要的。 而练习反应速度的最重要也是最有效的一个方法，叫做“变速练习”。变速练习指的是利用变速软件加快语速，来增加我们对材料反应的灵敏度和准确度。但有一点要强调的是，变速练习只适合于对你常速已经可以听懂的材料进行，因为如果对你不熟悉或者本来就听不懂的材料进行变速，那么结果必然是更加听不懂，这样的意义是不大的。明白了这一点，那么你就知道了其实变速练习的材料是十分广泛的，既可以是你已经听写过的老托段子，也可以是SSS的材料，更可以是你已经做过的托福听力题。 三、听力笔记 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 新托福针对老托的最明显的改革之一，就是允许考生在一边听听力的时候一边记笔记，这不仅是因为新托的听力变长了，需要利用笔记来弥补脑记的不足，更重要的是，这符合美国大学课堂对学生课堂上课的真实需求。托福听力，尤其是讲座，考到的题目都是重点的信息，包括主要话题、重要细节，和文章结构等。如果能在听听力的过程中，记下这些重要的内容，那么对于做题是帮助极大的。 当然，要强调的是，较强的笔记能力是需要建立在前两项能力较强的基础上。如果你听一篇材料，还是需要经常去反应很多单词的意思，或者你的反应速度很慢，那么你是不可能心有余力去记笔记的。 而针对托福听力的笔记，最主要需要记下来的信息包括两点:一是YES OR NO(?×)，二是对应(术语和定义的对应，数字、时间、人名、颜色、方位和对象的对应，以及人名、地名，和建筑名称和它们的特征的对应)。另外，笔记也有一个基本的格式，最关键是要记出“主”，“问”，“例”。只有这样去记，才能保证你的笔记层次清晰、逻辑清晰、信息有效，也才能真正在考试的有限时间内迅速做题。 托福辅导:IBT听力部分考试可操作性冲刺方略 (一)六种题型易考点极其技巧点睛: 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”，知己知彼，才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分，不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时，乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时，也一定要将ETS的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨～在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项; 2细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understand- ing)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information)。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则:第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 影响后面的发挥;第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly， thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 3功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 4态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测;而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。 推断题把握一条原则:正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。 5组织结构题 / 分类信息题 6内容连接题 / 排序题 最后的五六两种题型都是考察考生对于全文结构的一个综合把握，是对考生能力的最高要求，但是它同样也是基于对文章主旨把握的基础之上的。要做好这两种题型，大家在最后一周一定要强化熟练自己记笔记的能力。 笔记不是越全越好，因为没有那么多时间，而且也容易遗漏新的信息;当然也不要走极端不记笔记，因为4~6分钟的课堂演讲绝对超过了人脑的瞬时记忆负荷。关于笔记大家把握三个原则:一、在确定主旨的前提下关注信号词后面的重点词(前面细节题已做介绍);二、但凡分类信息题笔记中注意记录按什么分类，以及每一类的特征;三、排序题的笔记注意表明步骤和逻辑顺序信号词后的内容。对于“笔记”是新托福考试听力的重中之重，大家在最后几天一定要多加操练，熟能生巧。 (二)最后冲刺复习方法和时间安排: 对于长对话部分，大家注意复习和校园生活有关的场景，尤其要注意比较学术的场景，比如论文场景、图书馆场景(moratorium-罚金暂缓)等。熟悉场景的常考词汇和常考思路;对于课堂演讲部分，方法和题型前面已经介绍很多了，应该作为最后冲刺的重点。 因为时间有限，所以建议大家把时间都花在课堂演讲部分，至少每天练习3小时听力，材料的选择可以是官方指南、朗文、近年老托福PART C部分(除了时间过短之外，是很好 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 的练习材料)。一定要做笔记～纪录关键重点词(因为往往和考点有关)～可以每天听抄一篇，然后跟读，培养语感～时间足够充裕的同学，可以看看段子的专业词汇。 (三)注意事项: 1、一定要做笔记，最后几天的听力强化练习要结合笔记。 2、一定要在一个单位时间内一次性听一个半小时以上的听力，建议一个单位时间听二个小时。如果没有全真模拟过，会影响最后听力成绩的发挥。 3、一定要做官方指南上的样题～官方指南上的样题可以作为上考场之前的模考材料，最后查漏补缺，有的放矢，才能胸有成竹。 4、一定点击了NEXT键，再点击OK键，即确认了所选答案。一旦点击OK键，考生将无法再查看做过的试题。考试时也要注意自己的答题速度。 托福攻略:如何在新托福阅读中取得高分 阅读理解是新托福考试的重要部分，难度较大，考生要想考好新托福阅读，就不光要凭扎实的英语基础，更要讲求做题的策略。本期为大家讲解托福阅读应试技巧。 如果想在托福阅读上拿高分，首先要区别对待几种题: 1.主旨题。分为三种:A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章中心思想。李老师强调，虽然这种题通常是第一道题，但建议考生把它放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，进而对文章有总的理解，最后来处理主旨题就会水到渠成。 2.列举题。把新托福考试的阅读列举题分为四类。(1)一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;(2)局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;(3)段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及其他段落;(4)文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。 一句话列举题和段落列举题一般会有明显的信号词帮助答题，考生只需根据题序做题，不必区别对待。而文章列举题和局部列举题则应放在其他题做完之后再处理。 3.作者态度题。作者态度题分为两种:A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。如果文章最后一题才问及作者态度，则为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。所以提醒考生，千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。 mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 对于局部作者态度题，这种题对应文章的位置比较灵活，题目往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干会有信号词将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。提醒，有时候某个选项同作者的表达相悖，因此做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的观点强加于作者。 4.文章结构题。分为三种:A、文章前面的段落内容是什么,B、文章下面接着将要讲什么,C、文章组织结构是什么, 对于以上三类结构题型，推断文章前面内容要立足文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，考生尤其要注意首句中诸如this、so之类的结构词。预测下文内容的题则分两步走:首先，读各段首句，它们会显示文章内容的逻辑走向。其次，竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子都是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，不过干扰性选项往往来自文章所讲的内容中。至于文章组织结构题，考生只要读每段首句即可，因为这些句子就是文章框架。 各位托福考生，任何考试都是有规律的，考生只要在专业老师的辅导下，就能吃透这一规律，进而轻松拿下考试。 新托福阅读之词汇、语法、背景知识、阅读速度 新托福阅读考试之四大兵器—— 词汇、语法、背景知识、阅读速度 朗阁海外考试研究中心 王玉梅 为了更好地测试学生的综合英语能力，托福考试在形式和内容上都进行了改革。在内容上，阅读部分的每篇文章都增加了标题，文章字数从之前的350 字左右增加到目前650-700字/篇; 文章由五篇变为三篇到五篇(若为五篇则有两篇是加考的);题目的数量从之前老托50道题目每篇12-14题;尽管文章内容的长度增加，但作答时间由55分钟增加为60分钟到100分钟;同时增加了词汇解释题、填表、插入句子、完成段落等题型;题目的分数参差不齐，各个类型题目的分数根据其难易程度而定。 而自改革以来，很多考生也开始担忧新托福的考试在难度上超过了旧托福，会影响到他们的考试成绩。但实际上考生们根本不需要太过担心，朗阁考试中心专家团队对新托福三年多的研究表明ETS在整体的命题思路和出题套路上和旧托福相比并没有太大的变化;考生要想在新托福考试中取得好成绩，就要认真地做好考前的准备工作，提高自己的英语综合能力，把握住托福考试的思路，熟练运用解题技巧，做好充分的准备。而在应对新托福阅读方面，朗阁专家建议考生一定要在准备考试的过程中配备新托福阅读考试之四大兵器——词汇、语法、背景知识、阅读速度，并把它们的使用练到炉火纯青。 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 词 汇 与旧托福相比，新托福的阅读考试尽管有很大改变，但大多都是形式主义，考生只要词汇基础扎实，一样可取得理想成绩。而且一般托福的词汇比较多的出现首先是在阅读里，如果考生能够一眼看过去就知道这个词什么意思，那么在阅读考试的主动权也就掌握在自己手里了，而现行托福阅读题对词汇量的要求约为8000左右，因此考生一定要配备应试新托福阅读第一兵器——词汇，要坚持把单词书完整“啃”下并彻底消化，打好词汇量基础。当然要把一整本词汇书“啃”下并消化，除了勤劳，还要注意单词的记忆技巧，不能光靠“蛮力”，那样容易产生疲倦感和厌恶感，反而产生负面效果。单词的记忆技巧主要有以下几种: ? 谐音记忆 如:lethal可记成“离骚” ? 联想记忆 如:battlefield(战场)可以联想为“打仗battle的场所field当然就 是战场啦”。 ? 比较记忆 如:形近单词ethnical和ethical相比，ethnical比ethical多个字 母n，这种情况下我们可以把ethnical中的n想成nation，“种 族ethnical中包含了一个民族”。 ? 发音记忆 如:exacerbate的音标为,eks‘æs?(:)be?t,，遵循了发音规律，考 生掌握了该单词字母组合的发音规律，边读边背，就可以很轻松的 记住它了。 ? 词群记忆 如:在背foremost一词时，考生应同时想托福阅读中foremost的解 释“leading”一词。 ? 拆分记忆 如:interchangeable可以拆为前缀inter- 、词根change ，后缀 -able 。 ? 滚动记忆 如:如果背单词表，在第一天背了10个单词，那么第二天在背新的 mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 10个单词之前必须先复习第一天背过的10个单词;第三天在背新的10个单词前先复习前两天背过的20个单词，以此类推，另外考生在背单词的过程中需要通过不断做题来复习阅读高频词，因为既然是阅读高频词，肯定在阅读的文章中是反复出现的。 语 法 除了词汇量较大以外，对很多考生来说，句子长并且结构复杂也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。 面对长难句，考生要想能够迅速确定答案就必须能够做到长句短读，快速把握句子主干和 重点，因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点。而要把握难句的主干和重点，先 要弄清它们的类型，也就意味考生在准备新托福考试时必须配备第二大兵器——语法。 专家建议考生重点关注以下语法: ? 主语从句 ? 定语(包含后置定语与定语从句) ? 同位语(包含同位语从句) ? 宾语从句 ? 表语从句 ? 状语从句 ? 并列结构 ? 插入结构 ? 独立主格 ? 倒装句 ? 强调句 ? 虚拟语气 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 背 景 知 识 同样的考题，如果考生熟悉并掌握了阅读文章的背景知识，做起题来就会非常轻松， 做题的速度和准确率也会提高很多，因此朗阁专家建议考生在新托福备考期间要努力配备另 一兵器——背景知识，也就是说考生备考中要要多读一些长文章，努力积累新托福阅读中的 常考文章的背景知识，题材尽量广泛，因为天文、地理、医学、历史、文化、教育、艺术等 内容，在托福考题中都会涉及。而新托福阅读考试常考的背景有印第安题材的，动植物题材 的(必考)，考古学 (archaeology)题材的，美国历史题材的等等，推荐考生多读读《国 家地理杂志》和《DISCOVERY》。 阅 读 速 度 前面曾提到新托福的阅读文章的字数从之前的350字左右增加到目前650-700字/篇， 尽管时间也相应增加了，可相对来说时间还是比较紧张的，因此快速的阅读能力是非常重要 的。在此朗阁专家建议考生在备考时必须要配备第四大兵器—— 阅读速度。考生在练习提 高阅读速度时应努力做到: ? 扩大眼睛扫描的宽度，训练自己一眼看过至少阅读到3-5个单词。 ? 快速泛读 ，不同领域的书籍，理解和掌握书中主要内容即可。拓宽自己的知识面 ? 计时阅读 ，养成计时阅读的习惯，计时阅读每次进行5-10分钟即可，不宜太长。 ? 在加快阅读速度的同时努力迅速总结每段大意。 如何解决托福(TOEFL)考试阅读中的总结题, 总结题主要目的: 考查学生理解和识别主要内容和文中所提及重要的信息。 Direction: An introductory sentence or a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points 解决这类考题的方法: mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 一、清楚文章的论证类型 总分型一般容易出这类考题。我以中文为例，丽丽老师是一个非常好的人。首先，她 很乐于助人例如一次我看见她扶一个盲人过马路，其次丽丽老师很慷慨，有一次我看见她为 希望工程捐了她当时兜里的全部钱(50元)，第三丽丽很谦虚和平易近人。 如下面这样的文章特别容易出总结题 Lily is a nice person. 1、 丽丽乐于助人 2、 丽丽扶一个盲人过马路 3、 丽丽老师很慷慨， 4、 老余捐了100元 5、 丽丽很谦虚和平易近人 6、 丽丽经常打架 正确答案应该是:1、3、5 二、解决方法: 一)主体词排除错误选项法 首先抓住要总结的关键词也就是主体词，就是要问哪方向的内容，如上个例子，主体 题丽丽一定会在正确答案中出现，不然问的是丽丽可以答案谈论的是别人，就变得完全不相 关了，根据这个特点我们可以排除 4老余捐了100元 如OG上的一道总结题可以直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法 The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century. 1、 Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors 2、 Thomas Edison’s design of the Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection. 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 3、 Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately. 4、 Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented. 5、 The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large screen 6、 once films images could be projected， the cinema became a form of mass consumption 其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema. 二)细节信息排除法 总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的 2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。 这是一个具体的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排 除它。 如OG中的一道题目 This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of whales， porpoises and dolphins cetaceans- Answer choices 1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and cetaceans(这是本文的主题) 2、The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.(总结性信息) 3、The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea， an area rich in fossil evidence. (绝对的事实细节)-排除 4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found((绝对的事实细节)- 排除 5、Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.。(主题) mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 6、Ambulocetus’hind legs were used for propulsion in the water. ((绝对的 事实细节)-排除 三)新信息出现排除 如6:丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。 由于篇幅所限，我们下期在继续谈总结题如何做，以及总结题的几大类型和不同类型 的解法，本期讲的只是总结的题通用方式，总结题题型不同，做题方法也不同. 2010年托福考试心得:高分作文五步曲五 Therefore， it is pretty clear that I disagree with the statement that only people who earn a lot of money are successful. As far as I am concerned， the value of success will be represented by many significant factors. Money is a little piece of rag of them， which can not be either overemphasized or ignored. 字数428 2、why类型的题，如People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example， new experiences， career preparation， and increased knowledge).Why do you think people attend college or university, Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 许多朋友对这个问题不好拿捏，不知道结构怎么写。其实最简单的方法就是最有效的 方法。以下是其步骤: 1、背景，点题，列举2,3个原因。列举原因的句子最好是一句话。 2、第一个原因。 、第二个原因。 3 4、第三个原因。 5、结尾。总结前三个原因——用一句话说明。然后表面自己对此的看法和感受。 下面是一篇根据以上步骤写的文章，供参考。 People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example， new experiences， career preparation， and increased knowledge).Why do you think 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order people attend college or university, Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. With the development of society， many people are inclined to go to university instead of finding job after high school. Among various motives that drive people to attend college or university are career preparation， increased academic knowledge and new pre-social experiences. Career preparation may be the most common reason people attend college or university. Nowadays the phenomenon of the high education requirements from many companies is progressively outstanding. As is known to all， people may get the better job after graduation. Despite the difficulties of the admission from colleges or universities， people still want to cross into the door to go to university. As the culture of China， some students， who are lack of good condition of study， attempt to go to university learning more knowledge and gaining more opportunities since they know this way may be the only and best path which not only leads toward their brilliant future also changes their lives entirely. Academic knowledge can be much easier accumulated regularly by learning in university. Of course， people can learn knowledge through other ways such as to learn on their own， to read and even observe. However， through the traditional media of colleges or universities， they are the easiest and fastest ways to obtain academic knowledge. This means the teachers in universities， either our instructors or mentors， are able to convey the knowledge， mentally or physically， much more efficient through the adequate methods than other ways such as self-study. Thus， people in college or university can avoid the mistakes that happened before， which can save their much more time to learn something else. New academic experiences help people not only to obtain knowledge but only to understand the social relationship before contacting society. University， in fact， is an academic society which is smaller than our regular society. However， the complication of relationships between students and teachers， among classmates， boys and girls is almost the same as that of relationships of our big whole society. Clique may occur in university like the community or group in common society. Teens that have interests in common like spending their time in the cliques， most of which are related to music， sports， books， or painting. They are very popular in every university. In fact， students who stay in the cliques are consciously or subconsciously tend to learn how to get along with others before attending the regular society. mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: From the reasons I mentioned above， it is pretty clear why people attend college or university that are career preparation， increased academic knowledge and new pre-social experiences. As far as I am concerned， attending college or university is a prerequisite preparation before young are mature. People may accumulate essential skills in university to avoid some evitable troubles. 托福写作辅导:29分的经验分享内含模板 因为最近很多人跟我咨询写作的事情，现在跟大家讲讲吧，希望对大家有帮助，我是 今年6.27北京考的IBT，听阅满分，写作29，口语23。 先说小作文的部分，首先跟大家声明的是现在的小作文模拟题都不是特别好，仿真度 不高。真题的小作文条例非常清楚。一篇阅读文章，就某一个观点讲出三个理由。然后一段 lecture，反驳同一观点，并针对文章里的三个理由一一提出反驳，最后让你写一篇总结。 而Barron明显离谱的不着调，我觉得OG和 Delta的相对不错，但是前几天有位朋友问的 时候发现Delta的有些题目也不是很典型，(因为我没有全部做完Delta的模拟题，不好意 思了),,所以在小作文的准备上，大大们一点都不用怕，只要听力大大们觉得没什么大问 题，小作文肯定没问题，因为小作文的听力比之前的听力部分的要简单,, 我的小作文模板，这是综合了网上公布的模板和ETS给出的样本综合出来的，中规中 矩，对付小作文完全够用了,,对于小作文的备考，我觉得小作文还是很简单的，语速比较 慢，比较简单，只要总结好整理到模板上就可以了。个人打字很慢，所以时间紧巴巴的说,, 惭愧的，呵呵,, The lecture is mainly discussing that _______________________. Thus， the lecture totally disagrees with what are stated in the passage. Firstly， in contrast to the argument stated in the passage that _________________， the professor says that_______________________. the lecture contradicts the point made in the passage that Scondly， ___________________________. The professor says ________. Finally， while the passage argues that______________________， the lecture maintains a different point of view. The professor says__________________________. In sum， the contents in the reading passage are totally refuted by the lecture and the lecture advocates totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading passage. 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 在说大作文准备的时候首先澄清一个基础而又重要的问题，大家问得最多了，就是平衡式的观点和一边倒的观点哪个好, 我没考过GRE，但是据我所知考过GRE的人都喜欢平衡式的观点，但是传统的托福是一边倒的，这样肯定比较好，因为你可以仔细研究一下托福写作的要求，有一个很重要的一点就是要你的论点fully developed. 所以他要求的文章不是写你经过比较选择哪个观点的心路历程，而是你选择了一个观点后写支持这个观点的文章,另一方面，如果你是把两边都论及到，则很有可能无法充分论述任何一方面，对于充分论述，托福的要求很高的，要求举例子什么的，如果你两面都涉及，肯定不可能都举出恰当的例子，或比较充分的描述这个例子,, 当然，我也看到有例子是沿用GRE的思路平衡式的观点然后分数也不错的，具体你可以到chasedream上搜一下，我看过一篇，但是貌似也没有29分的说,, 所以，沿用传统方式更保险，只有你无过，基本比较好(fair good)的分数是可以保证的，再举个好点的例子,,满分也很容易,, 如果选用平衡式，也行，但是估计得下大功夫可能分数也未必那么好,(貌似没听过得满分的),这个我没使用过，不知道哦,,但是既然你想好分数，那么为什么不走保险路线呢, 写大作文时，语法好加上比较好的逻辑思维是作文的关键。大家可以研究ETS的模拟题上作文的回答样本，这样你可以比较清楚ETS想要的作文是什么样的。高分的关键是这几个方面: 组织结构要好 – 所谓的八股文(开头，论述，结尾); 逻辑思维要好 - 能把观点说清楚; 一定要举例子，这是所谓fully developed的关键，至少要举一个例子(我是指全篇，如果每个论点都举的话又可能写不完，或者一句话举例还是没展开)。 时间分配上争取5分钟构思，20分钟写作，5分钟检查。一般写5段。字数上每段100字左右就可以了。写多了可能会来不及，少了你也展不开，ETS会认为你这个观点没有fully developed。开头和结尾可以少点，中间论述的部分可以多点。 下面以我的大作文为例，我的大作文题目是:对于学生以后的成功来说能跟人相处好的能力(ability to relate well to people)和学习用功(working hard in study)到底哪个重要。 mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: 我构思时，首先做出选择，一般要选择你能找到很多理由和例子写的那个立场来进行写。我选择了跟人相处好的能力。因为我觉得这个能找到的理由和例子，如此而已。千万慎重从自己内心的看法来选择观点，一是时间花费比较长，一是未必后面很好展开。所以建议从技术层面上选择一个立场:能找到的理由和例子的，好写的。 第一段是引出话题，一般是讲一些废话然后引出问题并表明自己的观点。我写的大致意思是:很多能力对学生以后的成功而言很重要，比如跟人相处好的能力、在学校里刻苦学习等。传统的观点一般认为后者比前者重要。但是现在的趋势越来越觉得前者更重要了。 第二、三、四段讲理由并举例子。这部分的写作我的逻辑思维是先一句话点明理由。然后接下来进行阐述，然后举例子(我只在写第二个论点的时候写了一个具体的例子)。建议从正面来写理由，比如这个立场有什么什么好的方面，而不要说要是选择了另一个立场就哪里哪里不好了，这样比较不好阐述，还很罗嗦，可能会造成逻辑不清楚，让人看不懂。 比如我的第二段是这样写的:先一句话点明理由 – 这段的主旨:团队工作要求学生具备跟人很好相处的能力。然后是阐述，大概我是这么写的，现在公司越来越多的根据项目来组织工作了，项目的成功就是公司的成功。一个项目通常由几个人一起工作，完成一个项目。所以项目要求成员具备合作精神，是个team player„„后面不记得了。 第三段:一句话点明理由 – 该段的主旨:具备跟人很好相处的能力能够得到的机会。然后阐述了一下，自己不太记得怎么阐述了，最后举了我自己的例子，大致意思是说原先四个人接受培训的，我不是最牛的那个，但是我积极跟老外老师联系沟通，还在她请我们吃饭的时候带给她小礼物(参加dinner带小礼物是西方的礼节)，最后我意外的获得了她推荐的很好的实习机会。 第四段:主旨:跟人很好相处的能力可以让新手更快的进入工作状态。阐述:中国大多数企业没有正规的入职培训，所以一般这种关于公司的知识和工作的基础知识都是通过其他老员工传授给你的，所以你要是跟他们相处的好，人家更愿意帮助你„„ 最后一段总结一下，因为X，X和X这三个理由，我认为跟人相处好的能力更重要。 最后检查一遍。我打字慢，所以没有时间检查，估计扣分就在这里吧(小的语法错误和拼写问题)，惭愧的，呵呵，大家要记得练练打字，台式机键盘的打字哦( 构建托福综合写作模板应该考虑哪些方面, 托福考试的综合写作对逻辑性和文章结构的完整性都有较高要求，因此许多考生会在备考时准备和制定相关的写作思维模板。在反复练习后，大家既能节约构思文章的时间也能保证文章的质量和完整性。 30mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation develop ment good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order 而在构建写作思维模板的时候，考生可以从以下几个方面去考虑: 第一段需要将听力和阅读材料的核心内容展示出来并点明两者观点是否相互支持抑或者相互对立; 第二段也即是主体段落可以分为几个小段，分别从各个不同的角度总结并得出两篇文字材料相互支持或者对立的证据; 最后一段结尾段可总结一下主要的论证对象并重申两份材料对于该论证对象的主要看法，在这一段构思过程中一定要注意，切忌加入自己对这一问题的看法和观点。 对于一些固定的表达，如“听力材料就某某问题主要从某个角度展开了论证”、“首先，对于阅读材料中提出的某某观点，在听力材料中用反例的方法提出了质疑”、“最后，对于阅读材料中的某一观点，听力材料通过几个方面的细化进行了支持性的论证”等等在写作过程中必用的表达，考生应该事先就做好准备，而不应该在考试时才去匆忙思考。 在创建了自己的托福综合写作模板后，考生也可以针对一些重点主题不断丰富和完善其中内容和词汇，使模板变得更加个性化和生动。 迈西英语祝您考试顺利～～～ 30小时记忆高达4000词汇 “迈西背单词软件”官方免费下载地址: mplementation "five big development concept" of requirements, accurate grasp economic development new normal and transformation development of relationship; deep understand on in-depth advance rule of law construction, and to build transformation development good environment of requirements; deep understand on full mobilization General cadres enthusiasm, and constantly upgrade work essence God of requirements, put Jia Secretary speech spirit implementation to specific action in the to, promoted XX economic social development Michael Shang new steps. Xiang BA third party Congress report on the work of our efforts to promote economic and social development--in the Communist XX XX eight reporting three plenary meetings of the Commission representatives and comrades: today, on behalf of the Chinese Communists XX th report of the Committee to the General Assembly. First, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulties, XX years of outstanding achievements. XX years in the County, the County Government's strong leadership, the Township Party Committee rally and lead the entire people of all ethnic groups, seriously implement the Central, provincial, State authority and the decisions of the County party Committee, adhere to the "steady, steady, steady quality," General requirements, forge ahead in unity, overcome difficulty, do solid work, to promote theImplementation of the work, the successful completion of the objectives defined at the beginning of the task, the Township to maintain sustainable economic growth, social harmony and stability, ethnic unity and progress, peace consolidation and eco-good order