小儿疳积是什么

小儿疳积是什么 疳积是小儿时期，尤其是1,5岁儿童的一种常见病证。是指由于喂养不当， 或由多种疾病的影响，使脾胃受损而导致全身虚弱、消瘦面黄、发枯等慢性病 证。疳证与麻疹、惊风、天花并称为儿科四大证。但古代所说之“疳积”已与 现代之“疳积”有了明显的区别，在古时候，由于生活水平的限制，人们常常 饥饱不均，对小儿喂哺不足，使脾胃内亏而生疳积，多由营养不良而引起，也 就是相当于西医所讲的“营养不良”。而现在随着人们生活水平的提高，且近 来独生子女增多，家长们又缺乏喂养知识，盲目地加强营养，反而加重了脾运 的负荷，伤害了脾胃之气，滞积中焦，使食欲下降，营养缺乏，故现在的疳积 多由营养失衡造成。 为什么小儿时期易生疳积呢,这是由于婴幼儿时期脏腑娇嫩，机体的生理 功能未成熟完善，而生长发育迅速，对水谷精微的需要量大。因此，产生了生 理上的“脾常不足”。而很多家长生怕孩子吃不饱，就像填鸭一样喂哺饮食尚 不能自节的婴幼儿。俗话说:“乳贵有时，食贵有节”绝不是吃的越多就能长 的越好。孰不知，哺食过早，甘肥、生冷食物吃得太多，会损伤脾胃之气，耗 伤气血津液，就会出现消化功能紊乱，产生病理上的脾气虚损而发生疳积之证。 那么小儿病患疳积，都会出现哪些症状呢,又应如何进行治疗呢, 小儿面黄肌瘦，烦躁爱哭，睡眠不安，食欲不振或呕吐酸馊乳食，腹部胀实或时有疼痛，小便短黄或如米泔，大便酸臭或溏薄，或兼发低热，指纹紫滞，此为乳食积滞的实证。治疗应用消乳消食，导滞和中之法。方药可用砂仁3g，神曲10g，生麦芽10g，陈皮6g，莱菔子6g，白术6g，茯苓6g等药物治疗，中成药可用化食丸、 administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 消乳丸等。简单的方是指由于喂养不当，或由多种疾病的影响，使脾胃受损而导致全身虚弱、消瘦面黄、发枯等慢性病证。疳证与麻疹、惊风、天花并称为儿科四大证。但古代所说之“疳积”已与现代之“疳积”有了明显的区别，在古时候，由于生活水平的限制，人们常常饥饱不均，对小儿喂哺不足，使脾胃内亏而生疳积，多由营养不良而引起，也就是相当于西医所讲“营养不良”。而现在随着人们生活水平的提高，且近来独生子女增多，家长们又缺乏喂养知识，盲目地加强营养，反而加重了脾运的负荷，伤害了脾胃之气，滞积中焦，使食欲下降，营养缺乏，故现在的疳积多由营养失衡造成。 另外家长应注意疳积的预防和护理，喂养小儿要按其个体需要定质、定量、 定时，纠正贪食、零食、偏食，饥饱不均等不良的饮食习惯。对乳幼儿尽可能 给予母乳喂养，对婴儿按时添加辅食，一般应从4个月以后添加易消化的食品， 添加时应掌握先稀(菜汤、米汤、果汁)后干(奶糕、蛋黄);先素(菜泥、 豆制品)，后荤(鱼泥、肉末);和先少后多的原则，较大儿童应注意食物的 新鲜清洁，不宜过食生冷、肥腻之品。并应注意经常带小儿到户外，呼吸新鲜 空气，多晒阳光增强体质。小儿虫症杀虫养胃虫症是指寄生在人体内的各种虫 类引起的疾病。小儿虫症则是指小儿感染了寄生虫后所患的病。由于小儿不知 讲卫生，饮食常常不干净，故非常容易发生肠道寄生虫病，如蛔虫、蛲虫、囊 虫、钩虫、姜片虫等等。这里仅讲较常见的蛔虫和蛲虫的治疗方法: 一、蛔虫病 蛔虫是寄生在人体内最大的线虫之一，它形似蚯蚓，成虫的长度可达到15, 25厘米，蛔虫主要寄生在人的肠道。蛔虫无论男女老幼都可感染，但儿童的感 染率最高。从发病地区来看，农村的发病率明显高于城市。环境卫生差的地区 administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 明显高于环境卫生好的地区。所以说，讲卫生、爱清洁是减少蛔虫发病率的重要措施。 蛔虫的传播途径是粪——口传播，人们误食了被蛔虫卵污染的食物、水等，就可能造成蛔虫病，人们体质较弱是产生此病的重要内因，饮食不洁则是感染蛔虫的条件及诱因。而饮食不洁正是小儿最大的弱点，因为小儿容易吸吮手指，饭前不洗手，频繁吃零食，手到处乱抓。也喜欢在地上乱爬，喜欢玩土、玩沙。所以蛔虫卵非常容易被小儿吃进口中繁殖。另外夏天生吃瓜果，喝生水，吃生凉拌菜和泡菜，也是造成夏季蛔虫病多发的主要原因。 蛔虫病的主要临床现，是阵发性脐周腹痛，痛无定时，反复发作，疼痛时，喜揉按腹部。部分患儿可伴见偏食，异食，甚至有人喜吃炉渣、土块、火柴、纸片等。也有的小儿喜欢挖鼻孔。夜间咬牙。还可出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻、便秘等症状。 对于蛔虫的治疗，西医多主张对症治疗。目前较流行的是服用肠虫清、安乐士等西药，中医治疗蛔虫，可分为安蛔、驱蛔，调理脾胃三个阶段; ?安蛔法: 当蛔虫在腹内肆疟，腹痛剧烈之时，不能使用驱蛔杀蛔药，否则可能促使蛔虫更蠕动、腹痛愈加剧烈。中医经数千年摸索，得出蛔虫“闻酸而静，遇辛得伏，得苦则下”的特性。因此，要安蛔须用酸性的药物，最简单的方法是在蛔虫腹痛时，喝食醋20—30m隔1小时服一次。就可使蛔虫安定下来，腹痛即可减轻或停止。方药可选用经验方: 乌梅log川椒10g细辛3g黄连10g 黄柏10g党参10g当归10g附子6g 干姜3g桂枝6g 水煎服。 administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 ?驱蛔杀蛔法 驱蛔是治疗蛔虫的主要方法，对于蛔虫病人可使用使君子、苦楝根皮单方治疗即可。将使君子炒至焦黄色、嚼服、小儿每岁1—2粒，每天分3次服用，一天最多不超过20粒。也可以将使君子研细末与大黄粉面伴匀，1岁1g，口服3次，连服3天为一疗程。苦楝根皮15—10g水煎，每日早晨空腹一次服下，或将苦楝根皮研细末，每次服1g，日服2次。 ?调理脾胃 脾胃功能失调是小儿产生虫证的基础，所以在驱虫的同时，要给小儿调脾胃。驱虫之后，同样也要调理脾胃，只有脾胃功能好转，才真正清除了产生虫证的土壤。调脾胃的方法很多，常用经验方: 山药10g白术10g茯苓10g炒薏米10g 炒扁豆10g槟榔10g神曲10g 水煎服。中成药可选用:健脾丸、启脾九等。 二、蛲虫病 蛲虫是一种小线虫，长约2—10厘米，它是一种寄生在人体内的肠道寄生虫，男女老幼都可以感染蛲虫病，但多见于小儿，尤其是在托幼机构常因相互传播而反复感染。 临床常以会阴部及肛门附近瘙痒，夜寐不安为症状特征，重者，肛门奇痒难忍，因为蛲雌虫，在夜间乘小儿熟睡之时，向肛门移行，并在肛门外大量产卵，此过程刺激皮肤而引起瘙痒，所以肛门会阴部出现瘙痒，而造成小儿夜寐不安。蛲虫病的症状，除肛门奇痒外，还可伴见烦燥、体瘦，面黄乏力，纳食不香等症状，部分小儿会有尿频，遗尿等症状。 蛲虫的治疗常常选用内外同治的治疗方法。内服常选用:驱虫粉或百部粉内服。驱虫粉中含有使君子、大黄二味中药，按6:1的比例研末调匀，1岁小儿administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 每次服0.6g，2岁服0.9g，3岁服1.2g，一日服三次，连服七天为一疗程，百部若干研末每次服1g也是连服七天为一疗程。外用法，可用蛲虫栓，将使君子、百部研末装入胶囊。每晚将一枚胶囊，塞入肛门，令其逐步溶化，连用7个晚上，或用醋加水煮沸，在沸醋水上方，半蹲熏肛门及会阴部，当醋水温度下降到可洗皮肤时，可用手以醋水洗肛门及会阴部。连洗7天。或用百部30g煎水外洗肛门或灌肠，每疗程为10—12天，此外也可用大蒜水灌肠。 治愈蛲虫病的关键是打断蛲虫生存循环，肛门——手——口循环，如果打断了这个循环，不服药也可治愈蛲虫病。平时还要改变小儿不洗手吃东西的坏习惯，教育小儿不吸吮手指，并要勤晒被，常煮内裤等。 总之，讲究个人卫生，注意环境卫生习惯，才能有效地预防虫症。 administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded tank code for construction and acceptance of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6