PVC材料是塑料装饰材料的一种

PVC材料是塑料装饰材料的一种 PVC材料是塑料装饰材料的一种。PVC是聚氯乙烯材料的简称，是以聚氯乙烯树脂为主要原料，加入适量的抗老化剂、改性剂等，经混炼、压延、真空吸塑等工艺而成的材料。 PVC材料具有轻质、隔热、保温、防潮、阻燃、施工简便等特点。规格、色彩、图案繁多，极富装饰性，可应用于居室内墙和吊顶的装饰，是塑料类材料中应用最为广泛的装饰材料之一。PVC扣板的优点主要有以下几方面: 1.质量轻、隔热、保温、防潮、阻燃、耐酸碱、抗腐蚀。 2.稳定性、介电性好，耐用、抗老化，易熔接及粘合。 3.抗弯强度及冲击韧性强，破裂时延伸度较高。 4.通过捏合、混炼、拉片、切粒、挤压或压铸等工艺极易加工成型，可满足各种型材规格的需要。 5.面光滑、色泽鲜艳、极富装饰性，装饰应用面较广。 6.施工工艺简单，安装较为方便。 聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl Alcohol，简称P.V.A.)首先是在公元1924年由德国的科学家Dr. Hermann与Dr. Haenel 共同合成得到此一崭新的水溶性高分子化合物。PVA历经无数科学家，工程师，制造者与使用者共同持续的力开发新制程，探讨新用途，使PVA的需求量逐年上升(1995年全球产量达600,000公吨)，各种新的用途也不断的扩大中。 PVA是一种白色到微黄色，颗粒(或粉状)，安定，无毐的水溶性高分子。水是PVA良好的溶剂。在实用的观点来看，水也是唯一有效的溶剂，PVA具有良好的造膜性，这形成的膜具有优异的接着力，耐溶剂性，耐摩擦性，伸张强度与氧气阻绝性，因为PVA 同时拥有亲水基及疏水基两种官能基，因此PVA具有界面活性的性质，所以PVA可以做为高分子乳化，悬浮聚合反应时的保护体。以上这些特有的性质使PVA广泛的应用在各行各业。 PVA的用途可概分为(1)纺织业:织布准备之浆纱工程的经纱上浆剂，整理加工时之硬挺与增厚剂，制造维尼龙纤维的原料与网版印花工程中作为加工布与机台间的定位剂。(2)造纸业:表面涂布时作为表面上胶剂，纸管或纸板的接着剂，邮票背胶的再湿接着，颜料涂布工程的胶合剂与纸品的内部上胶。(3)聚醋酸乙烯PVAc(或其共聚合物如EVA)乳液制造时作为保护胶体。(4)其它:如事务用糊的制造、合板木器的接着、建筑业、化妆品业、电子业、材料工程业、陶瓷业、农业、印刷业、研磨材料业都可以发现PVA的存在。 ABS塑料 a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel 化学名称:丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 英文名称:Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 比重:1.05克/立方厘米 成型收缩率:0.4-0.7% 成型温度:200-240? 干燥条件:80-90? 2小时 特点: 1、综合性能较好,冲击强度较高,化学稳定性,电性能良好. 2、与372有机玻璃的熔接性良好,制成双色塑件,且可表面镀铬,喷漆处理. 3、有高抗冲、高耐热、阻燃、增强、透明等级别。 4、流动性比HIPS差一点，比PMMA、PC等好，柔韧性好。 用途:适于制作一般机械零件,减磨耐磨零件,传动零件和电讯零件. 成型特性: 1.无定形料,流动性中等,吸湿大,必须充分干燥,表面光泽的塑件须长时间预热干燥80-90度,3小时. 2.宜取高料温,高模温,但料温过高易分解(分解温度为>270度).对精度较高的塑件,模温宜取50-60度,对高光泽.耐热塑件,模温宜取60-80度. 3、如需解决夹水纹，需提高材料的流动性，采取高料温、高模温，或者改变入水位等方法。 4、如成形耐热级或阻燃级材料，生产3-7天后模具表面会残存塑料分解物，导致模具表面发亮，需对模具及时进行清理，同时模具表面需增加排气位置。 ABS树脂是目前产量最大，应用最广泛的聚合物，它将PS，SAN，BS的各种性能有机地统一起来，兼具韧，硬，刚相均衡的优良力学性能。ABS是丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯的三元共聚物，A代表丙烯腈，B代表丁二烯，S代表苯乙烯。 ABS工程塑料一般是不透明的，外观呈浅象牙色、无毒、无味，兼有韧、硬、刚的特性，燃烧缓慢，火焰呈黄色，有黑烟，燃烧后塑料软化、烧焦，发出特殊的肉桂气味，但无熔融滴落现象。 ABS工程塑料具有优良的综合性能，有极好的冲击强度、尺寸稳定性好、电性能、耐磨性、抗化学药品性、染色性，成型加工和机械加工较好。ABS树脂耐水、无机盐、碱和酸类，不溶于大部分醇类和烃类溶剂，而容易溶于醛、酮、酯和某些氯代烃中。 ABS工程塑料的缺点:热变形温度较低，可燃，耐候性较差。 pe 化学名称:聚乙烯 英文名称:Polyethylene(简称PE) 比重:0.94-0.96克/立方厘米 成型收缩率:1.5-3.6% 成型温度:140-220? a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel 特点:耐腐蚀性,电绝缘性(尤其高频绝缘性)优良,可以氯化,化学交联、辐照交联改性,可用玻璃纤维增强.低压聚乙烯的熔点,刚性,硬度和强度较高,吸水性小,有良好的电性能和耐辐射性;高压聚乙烯的柔软性,伸长率,冲击强度和渗透性较好;超高分子量聚乙烯冲击强度高,耐疲劳,耐磨. 低压聚乙烯适于制作耐腐蚀零件和绝缘零件;高压聚乙烯适于制作薄膜等;超高分子量聚乙烯适于制作减震,耐磨及传动零件. 成型特性: 1.结晶料,吸湿小,不须充分干燥,流动性极好流动性对压力敏感,成型时宜用高压注射,料温均匀,填充速度快,保压充分.不宜用直接浇口,以防收缩不均,内应力增大.注意选择浇口位置,防止产生缩孔和变形. 2.收缩范围和收缩值大,方向性明显,易变形翘曲.冷却速度宜慢,模具设冷料穴,并有冷却系统. 3.加热时间不宜过长,否则会发生分解. 4.软质塑件有较浅的侧凹槽时,可强行脱模. 5.可能发生融体破裂,不宜与有机溶剂接触,以防开裂. a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel 空调水系统同程/异程式比较 同程式系统: 经过每一并联环路的管长基本相等，如果通过每米长管路的阻力损失接近相 等，则管网的阻力不需调节即可保持平衡 优点: 同程式系统中系统的水力稳定性好，各设备间的水量分配均衡，调节方便。 缺点: 同程式系统由于采用回程管，管道的长度增加，水阻力增大，使水泵的能耗增加，并且增加了初投资。 异程式系统: 经过每一并联环路的管长均不相等。 优点: 异程式系统简单，耗用管材少，施工难度小。 缺点: 采用异程式的系统，各并联环路管长不等，常在每一个并联支路上安装流量调节装置。 防烟垂壁是用于防烟分区分隔的设备，固定的一般采用梁下做500mm的垂板，活动的是平时垂壁紧贴着大梁的侧面或顶棚上，火灾时在温感或烟感的联动控制下，将烟气控制在火灾区域内～现在也有带电机类似防火卷帘，落到梁下500mm的。 防烟楼梯有一个前室，防火里有面积要求; 消防电梯也有一个前室，也有面积要求。 前室合用就是将上述两个前室合并为一个前室，面积要求增大，具体面积要求见防火规范 6.2 疏散楼梯间和楼梯 6.2.1 一类建筑和除单元式和通廊式住宅外的建筑高度超过32m的二类建筑以及塔式住宅，均应设防烟楼梯间。防烟楼梯间的设置应符合下列规定: 6.2.1.1 楼梯间入口处应没前室、阳台或凹廊。 6.2.1.2 前室的面积，公共建筑不应小于6.00m2，居住建筑不应小于4.50m2。 m2;公共建筑不6.3.3.2 消防电梯间应设前室，其面积:居住建筑不应小于4.50应小于6.00m2。当与防烟楼梯间合用前室时，其面积:居住建筑不应小于6.00m2;公共建筑不应小于10m2 a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel