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EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法

2017-10-01 28页 doc 66KB 17阅读

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EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法 本科毕业论文(设计) 外 文 翻 译 原文: EVA: A better financial reporting tool Economic Value Added (EVA) is a financial performance measure being adopted by many companies in corporate America. This new metric, trademarked by Stern Stewart and Company, is a p...
EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法
EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价 本科#毕业#(设计) 外 文 翻 译 原文: EVA: A better financial reporting tool Economic Value Added (EVA) is a financial performance measure being adopted by many companies in corporate America. This new metric, trademarked by Stern Stewart and Company, is a profit measure based on the concept of true economic income which includes the cost of capital for all types of financing. EVA provides a more comprehensive measure of profitability than traditional measures because it indicates how well a firm has performed in relation to the amount of capital employed. This article summarizes the EVA concept of measuring profitability, the EVA calculation and the benefits of adopting an EVA framework. The EVA Concept of Profitability EVA is based on the concept that a successful firm should earn at least its cost of capital. Firms that earn higher returns than financing costs benefit shareholders and account for increased shareholder value. In its simplest form, EVA can be expressed as the following equation: EVA = Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) - Cost of Capital NOPAT is calculated as net operating income after depreciation, adjusted for items that move the profit measure closer to an economic measure of profitability. Adjustments include such items as: additions for interest expense after-taxes (including any implied interest expense on operating leases); increases in net capitalized R&D expenses; increases in the LIFO reserve; and goodwill amortization. Adjustments made to operating earnings for these items reflect the investments made by the firm or capital employed to achieve those profits. Stern Stewart has identified as many as 164 items for potential adjustment, but often only a few adjustments are necessary to provide a good measure of EVA.[1] Measurement of EVA Measurement of EVA can be made using either an operating or financing approach. Under the operating approach, NOPAT is derived by deducting cash operating expenses and depreciation from sales. Interest expense is excluded because it is considered as a financing charge. Adjustments, which are referred to as equity equivalent adjustments, are designed to reflect economic reality and move income and capital to a more economically-based value. These adjustments are considered with cash taxes deducted to arrive at NOPAT. EVA is then measured by deducting the company's cost of capital from the NOPAT value. The amount of capital to be used in the EVA calculations is the same under either the operating or financing approach, but is calculated differently. The operating approach starts with assets and builds up to invested capital, including adjustments for economically derived equity equivalent values. The financing approach, on the other hand, starts with debt and adds all equity and equity equivalents to arrive at invested capital. Finally, the weighted average cost of capital, based on the relative values of debt and equity and their respective cost rates, is used to arrive at the cost of capital which is multiplied by the capital employed and deducted from the NOPAT value. The resulting amount is the current period's EVA. The remainder of this article summarizes the financing approach because it emphasizes the significance of capital employed and illustrates how accounting rules impact the calculation of EVA. Exhibit 1 on page 33 shows a sample calculation of EVA. EVA Calculation and Adjustments As stated above, EVA is measured as NOPAT less a firm's cost of capital. NOPAT is obtained by adding interest expense after tax back to net income after-taxes, because interest is considered a capital charge for EVA. Interest expense will be included as part of capital charges in the after-tax cost of debt calculation. Other items that may require adjustment depend on company-specific activities. For example, when operating leases rather than financing leases are employed, interest expense is not recorded on the income statement, nor is a liability for future lease payments recognized on the balance sheet. Thus, while interest is implicit in the yearly lease payments, an attempt is not made to distinguish it as a financing activity under GAAP. Under EVA, however, the interest portion of the payment is estimated and the after-tax amount from it is added back into NOPAT because the interest amount is considered a capital charge rather than an operating expense. The corresponding present value of future lease payments represents equity equivalents for purposes of capital employed by the firm, and an adjustment for capital is also required. See Exhibit 1 for sample adjustments commonly used in the calculation of EVA. R&D expense items call for careful evaluation and adjustment. While GAAP generally requires most R&D expenditures to be expensed immediately, EVA capitalizes successful R&D efforts and amortizes the amount over the period benefiting the successful R&D effort. Another example of an EVA adjustment is the LIFO reserve increase. The increase is added back to profit because it converts inventory from a LIFO to FIFO valuation, which is a better approximation of current replacement cost. The full amount of the LIFO reserve represents past holding gains and accordingly is added back to the equity component to reflect the capital invested by the firm in inventory not yet reflected in equity under GAAP. Other adjustments recommended by Stern Stewart include the amortization of goodwill. The annual amortization is added back for earnings measurement, while the accumulated amount of amortization is added back to equity equivalents. Goodwill amortization is handled in this manner because by "un-amortizing" goodwill, the rate of return reflects the true cash-on-yield. In addition, the decision to include the accumulated goodwill in capital improves the real cost of acquiring another firm's assets regardless of the manner in which the acquisition is accounted. While the above adjustments are common in EVA calculations, according to Stern Stewart, those items to be considered for adjustment should be based on the following criteria: Materiality: Adjustments should make a material difference in EVA. Manageability: Adjustments should impact future decisions. Definitiveness: Adjustments should be definitive and objectively determined. Simplicity: Adjustments should not be too complex. If an item meets all four of the criteria, it should be considered for adjustment. For example, the impact on EVA is usually minimal for firms having small amounts of operating leases. Under these conditions, it would be reasonable to ignore this item in the calculation of EVA. Furthermore, adjustments for items such as deferred taxes and various types of reserves (i.e. warranty expense, etc.) would be typical in the calculation of EVA, although the materiality for these items should be considered. Unusual gains or losses should also be examined and eliminated if appropriate. This last item is particularly important as it relates to EVA-based compensation plans. The Significance of the Capital Charge Under traditional financial reporting, a cost rate is not assigned for the equity used to finance operations. Thus, the use of net income as a performance measure is limited by the exclusion of that cost. In addition, when used in calculations such as return on equity, net income also includes the accounting distortions included in its calculation and that of book value. EVA, on the other hand, through its adjustment efforts, seeks to eliminate the impact of accounting distortions while treating the impact of financing costs more comprehensively in its capital cost charge. Therefore, a truer measure of economic profit is provided by EVA than that provided by the use of traditional GAAP-based measures. This may be significant because some companies spend heavily on R&D and the accounting treatment for this and certain in tangibles is not included on GAAP-based balance sheets. EVA provides a way to compare performance among firms impacted by these accounting weaknesses. The specific amount of the capital charge for EVA is based on the amount of equity equivalents determined after adjustments, multiplied by the capital cost rate. The capital cost rate is based on the individual cost rates for both debt and equity. While the cost rate for debt can be readily determined, the rate for equity requires some effort. The cost for equity can be measured by using the capital asset pricing model, or other risk premium approaches. Once that rate is determined, it is combined with the relative proportions of capital to produce the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). It is that overall rate, when combined with all capital including equity equivalents, that produces the overall capital charge used in EVA. After the capital charge is calculated and deducted from NOPAT, the full extent of EVA' s benefits can be observed, because all opportunity costs involved in the production of income have been measured and included in profitability. An example of the WACC is shown in Exhibit 1. EVA-Based Compensation Plans For firms that reward managers based on performance, EVA can offer advantages over traditional profit-based plans. First, by tying compensation to a better performance metric, the company can achieve a better matching of its own objectives with those of the manager. Second, EVA can help reduce some conflicts of interest often associated with managers and profitability measurement. Because an objective of EVA is to eliminate the impact of accounting distortions on profitability and the influence of management in its calculation, EVA is a better representation upon which to reward executives. It should be noted that EVA measurement is not without subjective elements. It may be necessary to involve an independent committee to determine the appropriateness of specific EVA adjustments and how to best handle unusual situations. Stern Stewart also recommends that EVA-based bonus systems involve some form of deferral of pay with the full amount of EVA bonuses dependent on long-term success. This feature of paying only a portion of the current amount and banking the remainder for the future is an important component of the system and is designed to enhance long-term loyalty to the firm. Bonuses should also be uncapped and include stock options, thereby turning managers into owners. The ability of the system to lower bonuses based on subsequent performance is one feature that makes EVA systems fair to both the company and its managers. Thus, EVA and its inclusion in compensation, rewards long-term success and helps the company promote this aspect of corporate performance. The overall success of the plan is dependent on several important factors including the ability of all employees to understand and agree with its goals. To reach this objective, it is necessary to provide focused training of EVA to all employees in the company. In that way, everyone better understands the philosophy and their role in the system. While this training may take considerable time and effort, it is usually rewarded by sustained improvements in EVA. EVA Drivers Another advantage of EVA systems is the emphasis on EVA drivers and the contribution of certain activities to EVA. When implementing EVA, firms seek to determine those areas of the business most responsible for success. By isolating activities, such as inventory management or capacity utilization, firms can judge the value of these on projects, divisions, etc. Thus management can focus on ways to increase economic value, rather than on reported numbers alone. By including capital contributions which do not require a stock price, firms are also able to use EVA in evaluating the performance of individual units or divisions of the firm as well as the managers who run those businesses. EVA helps focus on improving operating profits without tying up more capital in the business, curtailing or liquidating investments that do not meet capital costs, and/or reducing the cost of capital. Management actions such as cost reductions, improvements in technology, reduced working capital, or the optimal use of debt, represent the types of benefits resulting from EVA analysis and implementation. Share Price and EVA A controversy that surrounds EVA is whether it correlates well with a firm's stock prices as claimed by Stern Stewart. While many believe that it does, the results of several studies are mixed.[3] Nevertheless, many seem convinced of the overall benefit of EVA. Therefore, firms contemplating the adoption of EVA, or any performance-based measure used for decision making and compensation, should examine their own individual characteristics, the underlying theory of the measure sought, and the likelihood that the measure selected will capture the attributes it seeks. For advocates of EVA, the underlying theory of finance embedded in its calculation is one of its strengths. This can more easily be seen when one considers that the present value of EVA parallels that of using net present value, and for capital projects, would be expected to yield a similar result. Source: Larry M.Prober,2000 “EVA: A better financial reporting tool”. Pennsylvania CPA Journal, vol.71, lessue 3,p27. 译文: EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法 经济增加值(EVA)作为财务绩效评价的一种方法,目前正被很多美国公司所应用。这种由思腾思特公司所发明的新的指标体系,是基于包括所有类型的资本成本在内的真正的经济收入的一种利润衡量方法。比起传统的绩效评价方法,EVA提供了更为全面的评价办法,因为EVA表明公司是怎样运用其大数额的营运资本的。本文总结了EVA衡量盈利能力的概念,EVA的计算,以及采用EVA的优势。 EVA的盈利性 EVA认为,一个成功的企业至少应该获得等于其所耗费的资本成本的收益。该公司应赚得比股东融资成本效益和增加股东价值更高的回报。 EVA可以表示为下列公式: 税后净营业利润(NOPAT)— 资本成本 EVA= 税后净营业利润是根据折旧后的净营业收入,将利润调整为更接近经济性的盈利衡量方式。调整项目为:税后增加的利息费用(包括任何经营租赁隐含的利息支出),增加的净资本化的研发费用,后进先出储备的增加,以及商誉和摊销。对这些项目的营业收益做出调整,反应了企业所做的投资和为实现这些利润所进行的资本的投资。思腾思特确定了多达164个需要调整的项目,但通常只有几个的项目的调整对于EVA的计算来说是必要的。 EVA的计量 EVA可以从经营或融资两个角度进行计算。在经营方式下,税后净营业利润是从销售现金收入扣除经营费用和折旧而得。利息费用是排除在外的,这是因为把它当做融资费用来考虑。那些被当做股权进行调整的项目,是用来反应现实经济和动态的收入,以及更具经济性的资本。这些调整被认为是税后净营业利润扣除了现金税的结果。 计算EVA时,都需要从税后净营业利润中扣除企业的资本成本。无论在融资方式下还是经营方式下,计算EVA都需要运用到资本,只是计算上有差异而已。 从经营角度说,从资产出发,建立了投资资金,包括经济性的派生权益等项 目的调整;另一方面,从融资角度说,从负债出发,同时加上了股权和等值股权,从而形成了投资资本。最后,建立在负债、股权成本和各自的资本成本率的加权平均资本成本,就被用来计算企业的资本成本。由资本成本和税后净营业利润相减得出当期的EVA。 本文的其余部分总结了融资的方法,因为它强调的是运用资本的重要性,并说明如何会计规则的影响EVA的计算。第33页的图表显示了一对EVA的样本计算。 EVA的计算和调整 如上所述,EVA是通过税后净营业利润减去企业的资本成本而得的。税后净营业利润可以表述为税后净收益加回利息支出,因为存款利息被认为是EVA的资本要求。在税后负债成本的计算中,利息费用还包括资本支出。 其他项目,是否需要调整则取决于公司的具体活动。例如,当经营租赁而不是融资租赁时,利息费用是不计入损益,也不计入当期的资产负债表。因此,根据公认会计准则(GAAP),利息被作为融资活动中产生的费用,与企业每年的租赁费用并没有区分开来,而是隐含在其中。 在EVA方法下,利息的支付部分是被估计计算的,税后又加回到税后净营业利润,因为利息被认为是一项资本支出而不是经营支出。其相应的未来租赁付款额的现值代表了等值的公司所投入的资本的股票的价值,同时,对于资本的调整也是必须的。 对于研发费用的项目也要求认真评估并进行必要的调整。虽然一般公认会计准则要求大多数的研发费用需要立即支销,但在EVA方法下,通常将研发费用资本化,在研发期间的费用进行摊销将有利于研发工作的成功。 计算EVA时需要调整的另一个例子是后进先出设备的增加,这种增加将加回至利润,因为,这是从后进先出到先进先出估值的转换,是一个很好的近似的实现重置成本的过程。后进先出法下的设备代表了过去持有收益的增加,因此添加回到权益部分,以反映该公司投资于股票尚未反映在会计准则中存货的资本。 思腾思特建议,另一个需要调整的项目是商誉摊销。每年的摊销都加回到收入中,而累积摊销总额则被加回至等值的股东权益上。商誉摊销运用这种方式其实是通过“非摊销”的方式进行处理,其回报率反应了企业每年真正的现金收益。 此外,这种包括了商誉的资本积累的决定,提高其无论运用什么方式收购另一企业的资产的真实成本。虽然根据思腾思特的看法,上述项目的调整在EVA的计算中是很寻常和共同的,但这些项目在进行调整时必须遵循以下: 重要性:关于EVA的调整应该有个实质性的改变; 可管理性:关于项目的调整应影响未来的决定; 确定性:关于项目的调整应非常明确和客观; 简易性:关于项目的调整不应过于复杂。 如果一个项目符合这四项标准,则应当考虑对其进行调整。例如,那些有着少量的经营租赁的企业对EVA的影响较小。在这样的条件下,在EVA的计算中忽略这个项目就显得非常合理了。此外,递延所得税项目的调整以及各类储备项目(即保修费用等)的调整,则显得十分典型了,虽然这些项目的可行性应当予以考虑。不寻常的收益或者损失也应当同样进行检查、最后一项是特别重要的,因为它涉及到了以EVA为基础的报酬计划。 资本计提的意义 在传统的财务报告中,成本率是未分配的融资业务的股权。因此,用不考虑成本在内的净收益作为业绩衡量的指标是有其局限性的。事实上,当计算净资产收益率,净收益等指标时,其还包括已被归结在账面价值中的会计失真部分。 另一方面,通过EVA的调整,旨在消除传统会计失真的影响,同时,更突显其资本成本的影响。因此,通过EVA对经营利润进行衡量比通过采用传统的会计准则进行衡量更为准确和有效。这是非常重要的,因为一些企业通常将重金花费在研发项目上,并对其进行会计处理,但这些项目并没有包括在以公认会计准则为基础的资产负债表内。EVA提供了一种在这类被存在扭曲的会计信息的公司中去比较经营业绩的方法。 EVA的这项特殊的资本要求是建立在大量的经过调整计算后的等值的股权,乘以资本成本率。资本成本率是基于各项债务和股权的成本率。虽然债务成本率可以很容易的确定,但股权成本率则很难确定。对于股权成本的确定可以使用资本成本定价模型,或者其他风险溢价的方法。 一旦这项比率被确定,联系资本,就能构成加权平均资本成本(WACC)。它是一个整体的比率,当所有的资本,包括股票,产生的整体的资本要求,将在 EVA的计算中得到应用。当资本成本从税后经营业利润中扣除后,EVA的优势就显现出来了,因为所有的机会成本,都被有效的衡量并计算在盈利中。 基于EVA的薪酬安排 依据业绩对其公司经理进行回报的企业,EVA可以比传统的以利润为基础的激励办法更显出优点。首先,公司通过补偿实现更好的性能指标,公司可以实现管理人员和自身目标的更好的匹配。其次,EVA可以帮助减少管理层与公司盈利能力之间的矛盾。因为EVA的目的是消除会计失真对企业经营和管理的影响,EVA是一种更好对管理层进行激励的代表。 应该指出的是,EVA绩效评价方法并不是没有主观因素。它可能需要一个独立的委员会去确定EVA的调整是否恰当,以及如何最好的处理异常情况。Stern Stewart还建议,基于EVA的奖金,涉及到EVA的奖金是否会长期足额的发放,取决于企业是否能取得长期的成功。 这种只支付当前部分金额和银行余额的特点,是EVA系统的一个重要组成部分,旨在加强对公司的长期忠诚度。奖金也应不设上限,包括股票期权,从而使得管理层变为企业的所有者。该系统基于之后表现的较低的奖金是让EVA系统平等对待公司及其管理层。因此,EVA的激励体系,可以帮助企业推动其业绩的发展。 这种薪酬安排的成功是取决于包括所有雇员理解并且认可公司目标的等的几个重要的因素。为了实现这个目标,有必要对公司里的所有雇员进行基于EVA进行针对性的培训。这样一来,大家便能更好的理解公司的理念以及各自在系统中的作用。虽然这可能需要相当长的时间进行培训,也需要大量的努力,但其优势却能长期持续的体现。 EVA的驱动因素 EVA系统的另一个优点是对EVA驱动因素的重视。在实施EVA时,企业寻求确定这些与企业发展最相关的业务。通过库存管理或产能利用率等的孤立的活动,企业可以判断他们的项目,部门等的价值。因此,管理层可以集中精力去提高公司的经济价值,而不是仅仅的汇报数字。通过不要求股价的资本贡献率,公司还能通过使用EVA对个别单位、产品甚至整个经营层进行业绩评价。EVA有助于提高经营利润,而不占用其更多的资本,有助于削减或清算那些不适应资本 成本的投资,有助于技术的改进,成本的降低,营运资金的减少,这些都是EVA分析和运用带来的好处。 股价和EVA 围绕EVA的争议是由Stern Stewart提出的EVA是否与公司的股票具有良好的相关性。尽管许多人这么认为,但关于它的研究结果却差异很大。然后,很多人似乎对EVA的整体利益所信服。因此,公司考虑使用EVA,或者任何基于业绩的评价方法进行决策时,应该审视自身的特点,寻求所应用的理论的基础和被选择的方法能实现公司目标的可能性。 EVA的倡导者,则主张其嵌入式计算的理论基础是该项金融理论的优势之一。显然,人们所考虑的EVA的现值,正如考虑净现值和资本项目的现值,将会产生一个类似的结果。 出处: Larry M. Prober,《EVA:一个较好的财务绩效评价方法》,宾夕法尼亚州 的注册会计师杂志.第71卷,2000(3):P27. 亲爱的朋友,上文已完,为感谢你的阅读,特加送另一篇范文, 如果下文你不需要,可以下载后编辑删除,谢谢, 矿井水灾事故专项应急演练 1 应急演练目的、意义和目标 1.1应急演练目的 ? 评估我矿水灾事故的应急准备状态,发现并修改我矿水灾事故专项应急预案和执行程序中存在的缺陷和不足; ? 评估我矿在发生水灾事故时的应急能力,识别处理水灾事故的资源需求,澄清相关单位和人员的应急职责,改善水灾事故应急救援中的组织协调问题; ? 检验应急响应人员对水灾事故应急预案及执行程序的了解程度和实际操作技能;同时,通过调整演练难度,进一步培训和提高应急响应人员的业务素质和能力; ? 提高全员安全意识。 1.2应急演练意义: 为了进一步增强煤矿应对水灾事故的快速反应能力、应急处理能力和协调作战能力,提高米田煤矿的应急救援水平,切实保障人民生命和公司财产的安全,米田煤矿特组织本次应急救援演练。 1.3应急演练目标 1.3.1 报警 当发生水灾事故时,由现场施工单位当班第一责任者采用电话报警的方式进行报警。 1.3.2接警 处警 调度室接到事故报警后,调度室调度员立即向当天矿值班长和应急救援领导小组组长(矿长)汇报,同时通知水灾应急演练指挥部有关人员到调度室待命,根据指挥部意见,启动水灾应急救援预案。 1.3.3 应急指挥 ? 基层单位: 一旦发生矿井水灾事故,现场施工单位立即成立水灾事故现场处置小组,掘进队当班第一责任者为小组长。 ? 矿级应急指挥: 矿调度室接到事故报警后,矿成立矿井水灾事故应急演练小组,指挥部设在矿调度室。 1.3.4 应急行动 ? 基层单位应急行动 现场组织人员按照避灾路线撤离至安全地点。 模拟底板涌水的疏、排; ? 矿级应急行动 矿调度室通知相关泵房,由开泵人员立即开动工作、备用水泵开始排水;同时检查检修水泵的完好状况,保证检修水泵能够随时投入运转。 2 应急演练原则 ? 安全第一、以人为本的原则。 ? 统一领导、分级负责的原则。 1 ? 反应迅速、措施果断的原则。 ? 部门配合、分工协作的原则。 3应急演练类型和时间地点 3.1应急演练类型 本次演练演练为实战检验性演练 3.2 应急演练时间 本次演练时间2012年3月10日八点班9:00,10:35。 如果演练当日出现特殊情况,应急预案演练可顺延或提前。 3.3 应急演练地点 ? 110401运输巷工作面 ? 矿调度室 4 应急演练组织机构 4.1应急演练领导小组 组 长: 陈 仕 副组长: 董永海 成 员:孔家稳 何兴八 张蛮 敖成卫 胡荣兴 黄志党 李登学 牛建毕 封志平 职责:负责水灾事故应急演练活动全过程的组织领导,审批决定 演练的重大事项。 4.2策划部 ?总策划:彭家福 职责:负责演练准备、演练实施、演练总结的组织实施。 2 ?文案组 组长:孔家稳 ?协调组 组长:陈 仕 ?控制组 组长:董永海 4.3 评估组 共设四个评估组,每组2人。 (评估组建议由安监队人员组成,每组2人,1人评估,1人记录) 第一组: 位置:110401运输巷工作面 记录和评估水灾演练现场报警、现场处置小组成立及现场应急处置情况 第二组: 位置:调度室记录和评估主井采区工作。记录和评估调度室接警、处警、矿井水灾应急演练小组成立、应急指挥部人员到位、应急指挥、协调情况。 5 演练情景设计 5.1应急演练概述: 110401运输巷工作面,目前已施工28m,煤层平均厚度2.62米, 110401运输巷工作面安设有一部能直通调度室的电话。 2013年3月10日下午3:00时,安全矿长组织召开矿井水灾应 3 急演练预备会议,进一步确认各演练情景准备情况,确认准备完毕后,安全副矿长要求各参演单位及装备务必于2012年3月10日上午8:30分准时到位,2013年3月10日上午9:00时准时开始演练。 2013年3月10日上午9:00时,该巷工作面后138m,发生掘进工作面滞后突水,突水水量60m?/h。 2013年3月10日9:00,演练总指挥宣布应急演练开始。 5.2 演练情景1 报警、现场处置小组成立及现场处置 地点:110401运输巷工作面 总指挥宣布演练开始后,调度室用电话通知110401运输巷工作面评估组人员,评估人员通知当班第一责任者演练开始。 5.2.1 水灾事故发生 撤人 9:05分,当班第一责任者在掌子头后130m处发现巷道顶板地鼓,随后发生巷道顶板突水,当班第一责任者喊“顶板出水了,人员赶快撤离”,并且立即通知班长,班长带领全部人员撤离到运输石门盘口,当班第一责任者最后撤离,由当班第一责任者在运输石门盘口清点人数。 5.2.2报警 当班第一责任者清点人数后,当班第一责任者立即向调度室汇报模拟水灾的具体情况。 汇报内容为:顶板突水位置、顶板突水大致水量、顶板突水人员撤出情况、支援需要以及现场处置方法。 5.2.3现场处置小组成立 当班第一责任者报警后,立即着手成立水灾事故现场处置小组 4 组 长:当班第一责任者 副组长:当班班长 成 员:当班全体人员 5.2.4水灾事故现场处置 110401运输巷顶板突发性涌水,突水点不易堵,应采取疏导措施,现场人员应尽量使涌水沿水沟流入水仓,同时清理水沟及两侧的浮煤、杂物,减少进入水仓的杂物。 5.3 演练情景2 调度室接警、处警、矿井水灾应急演练小组成立、应急指挥、协调情况。 地点:调度室 5.3.1 接警、处警 9时10分,调度室接到现场报警后,迅速向值班矿长和应急救援领导小组组长(矿长)汇报,同时通知水灾应急演练指挥部有关人员到调度室待命,根据指挥部意见,启动水灾应急演练方案。 5.3.2 矿井水灾应急演练小组成立 9时20分,矿井应急演练领导小组成员接到通知后到达调度室,矿井应急演练小组随即成立。 5.3.3 应急指挥 调度室电话通知各井下人员撤离。 5.6 应急结束: ? 10时00分,中央水仓向救援小组汇报:中央水仓工作、备用水泵工作正常。 5 ? 10时20分,1191机巷汇报:排水路线(自流)沿途浮渣、浮煤、杂物已清理干净,机巷底板突水沿水沟流入井底水仓。 ? 调度室接到各处水灾应急演练情况汇报,立即报告应急演练小组,应急救援小组经过认真研究分析,认为本次水灾应急演练目标已全部实现,宣布水灾应急演练全部结束,恢复正常状态。 6 演练工作准备 6.1分析演练需求 ? 人力资源需求 掘进队20人(其中一名跟班干部,三名班长,井下11名职工,井上5名职工),机电队2人,安检队10人,调度室3人、机电队中央水仓水泵司机2人。 ? 场地资源需求 110401运输巷 调度室 ? 物资器材需求 A、110401运输巷掌子头后5m,供水管路安装三通一个,演练开始后,打开阀门作为模仿水灾水源; B、 铁锨、镐各5把(1191机巷演练挖水沟、请浮渣用) ? 文件资料准备 采掘工程平面图1套 6.2确定演练范围 本次应急演练为矿一级应急演练,包括: 6 ? 1191机巷水灾事故现场,掘进队处理水灾事故的应急演练; ? 调度、指挥系统处理水灾事故应急演练; 7 演练实施 7.1演练过程控制 ? 演练启动方式 2013年3月10日9:00,演练总指挥宣布应急演练开始,调度室电话通知通知110401运输巷演练开始,掘进队接到通知后,开动预先准备的演练水源,演练正式启动。 7.2 演练实施的步骤 ? 演练启动; ? 掘进队通知调度室:110401运输巷发生老窑突水位置、突水大致水量、老窑突水人员撤出情况、支援需要以及现场处置方法; ? 掘进队突水现场疏、堵、排措施的落实; ? 调度室的应急响应 调度、指挥系统成立; ? 应急演练小组根据各演练场地汇报决定演练是否结束 7.3、应急演练记录的要求 演练记录由演练评估组人员填写,演练评估组人员可根据演练具体情况增加内容,演练记录要求做到客观真实,演练记录由调度室负责保存。 应急演练记录表格如下: 7 应 急 演 练 记 录 (场景1) 演练时间 2013年3月10日 地 点 110401机巷 参演单位 掘进队 水灾事故发生 撤人: 1、当班第一责任者发现老窑突水,立即通知班长撤人,通知的时间; 2、班长带领全部人员撤离到回风石门,撤人的速度及时间; 3、当班第一责任在人员全部撤出后,最后撤离,当班第一责任者撤至运输石门盘 口的时间; 4、由当班第一责任者在运输石门盘口清点人数,清点人数后,记录撤人所用的时 间及人员撤出情况; 报 警: 当班第一责任制在人员全部撤出后,立即电话报警,记录报警的时间及内容: 1、老窑突水位置; 2、老窑突水大致水量; 3、老窑突水人员撤出情况; 4、支援需要以及现场处置方法。 8 现场处置小组成立: 当班第一责任者报警后,负责成立水灾事故现场处置小组: 组 长:当班第一责任者 副组长:当班班长 成 员:当班全体人员 水灾事故现场处置 现场处置小组分两队,第一队由当班第一责任者带领,第二队由当班班长带领。 1、 第一队负责从老窑突水位置至回风上山段清理。 2 、第二队负责从回风石门交叉口至水仓入水口段清理。 记录现场处置小组的分队情况,水沟的清理情况及水灾演练涌水流入水仓是 否夹有杂物; 记录人签名 9 应 急 演 练 记 录 (场景2) 演练时间 2013年3月10日 地 点 调度室 参演单位 调度室 接警、处警 1、调度室调度员接到现场报警后,向值班矿长汇报事故情况; 2、调度员向矿长汇报事故情况; 3、调度员通知应急演练指挥部人员到调度室待命; 4、水灾应急演练指挥部人员到位情况; 记录调度员接到事故报警后,通知水灾应急演练指挥部人员的时间,所通知 人员到达调度室的时间 矿井水灾应急演练小组成立 记录水灾应急演练小组成立的时间,演练小组成立后,分析判断灾情,此次演练灾情不足以水淹矿井,矿井排水系统有能力排水,决定立即中央水仓工作及备用水泵全力排水。 10 应急指挥: 水灾应急演练小组分析判断灾情后,立即通知调度员,调度员立即电话通知中央水仓开动工作及备用水泵全力排水;记录调度员通知两个水仓的时间,两个水仓工作人员接到调度室电话的时间。 应急结束: ? 记录中央水仓向救援小组汇报:中央水仓工作、备用水泵工作正常,检修水泵是否能够随时更换。 ?记录1191机巷汇报:排水路线(自流)沿途浮渣、浮煤、杂物已清理干净,机巷老窑突水沿水沟流入井底水仓。 ?? 记录调度室接到各处汇报,调度员将情况汇报应急演练小组,应急演练小组经过综合分析,确定应急演练目的已到达,具备应急演练结束的条件应急演练小组长宣布应急演练结束,现场矿领导安排参演队伍回到本职岗位,各工作地点恢复到正常状态。 记录人签名 11 7.4 应急演练结束与终止 7.4.1应急演练结束的条件 110401运输巷,演练涌水。 8 应急演练评估 8.1应急演练评估方法 应急演练采用表格评估法,评估人员利用提前设计评估表,进行跟踪评定。 演练评估报告有策划部文案组编写; 演练评估报告的主要内容一般包括演练执行情况、预案的合理性与可操作性、应急指挥人员的指挥协调能力、参演人员的处置能力、演练目标的实现情况、对完善预案的建议等。 8.2应急演练评估标准 水灾应急演练评估表 演练评价分数 序演 练 评价标准 得分 号 目 标 好 中 差 当班第一责任者发现老窑突水,立即通知班长场水灾2 1.5 1 景事故撤人。 12 1 发生 班长带领全部人员撤离到轨道石门盘口,撤人 撤 人 3 2 1 的速度及时间。 当班第一责任在人员全部撤出后,最后撤离, 3 2 1 当班第一责任者撤至轨道石门盘口的时间。 由当班第一责任者在轨道石门盘口清点人数, 清点人数后,记录撤人所用的时间及人员撤出2 1.5 1 情况。 报警的及时性 2.0 1.0 0.5 底板突水位置 1.0 0.8 0.5 报 报 警 底板突水大致水量; 1.0 0.8 0.5 警 内底板突水人员撤出情况 1.0 0.8 0.5 容 支援需要以及现场处置方法 1.0 0.8 0.5 现场现场处置小组成立的及时性 2.0 1.5 1 处置 小组在灾害面前,现场处置小组应急状态(好、坏、 3.0 2 1.5 成 立 差) 现场处置小组处理灾情的分工 3 2.5 1.5 水灾 现场处置小组处理灾情的积极性 2 1.5 1 事故 现场 水沟清理情况 3 2.5 1.5 处 置 演练涌水进入水仓前是否有杂物 2 1.5 1 调度室调度员接到现场报警后,向值班矿长汇 3 2.5 2 报事故情况; 接警、 处警 调度员向矿长汇报事故情况; 2 1.5 1.0 场 调度员通知应急演练指挥部人员到调度室待命 3 2.5 1.5 景 2 水灾应急演练指挥部人员到位情况; 2 1.5 1.0 矿井 水灾应急演练小组成立的及时性 3 2.0 1.5 水灾 13 应急 演练 水灾应急演练小组分析判断灾情的正确性 3 2.0 1.5 小组 成 立 110401机巷汇报:排水路线(自流)沿途浮渣、 浮煤、杂物已清理干净,机巷底板突水沿水沟2 1.5 1.0 流入主井水仓。 调度室接到各处汇报,调度员将情况汇报应急 演练小组,应急演练小组经过综合分析,确定 3 1.5 1.0 应急演练目的已到达,具备应急演练结束的条 件,应急演练小组长宣布应急演练结束。 合计 9 演练安全注意事项 为确保演练参与人员的安全,应急演练必须遵守以下规定: 1、演习过程中所有消息或沟通必须以“这是一次水灾事故应急演练”作为开头或结束语,以便保证演习人员和可能受其影响的人员都知道这是一次模拟紧急事件; 2、参与演练的所有人员必须遵守有关规章制度和安全技术措施,严禁违章作业。 3、各参演队伍和人员在演练过程中必须听从现场领导的统一指挥,在指定的安全处待命,并不得阻断人行道。 4、现场参演人员不得随意开动各种机电设备。 5、当出现真实的紧急情况时,现场人员要在现场领导的统一安排下迅速回到本职岗位。 14
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