优能文综两年高考两年模拟答案

优能文综两年高考两年模拟答案 2010-2011年全国各地文科综合高考题模拟题汇编参考答案 目录 两年高考 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷) ............................................... 3 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷).......................................................... 5 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷).......................................................... 7 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(福建卷).......................................................... 9 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)........................................................ 12 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)........................................................ 14 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)........................................................ 16 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷) ............................................. 18 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)........................................................ 20 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)........................................................ 22 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(海南卷)........................................................ 24 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(福建卷)........................................................ 28 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)........................................................ 312011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)........................................................ 33 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)........................................................ 35 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)........................................................ 38 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 两年模拟 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)............................................................... 39 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)............................................................... 42 2010年深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)............................................................... 44 2010年深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)............................................................... 47 2010年佛山市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)............................................................... 49 2010年佛山市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)............................................................... 522010年茂名市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)............................................................... 54 2010年茂名市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)............................................................... 56 2010年汕头市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)............................................................... 59 2010年汕头市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)............................................................... 61 2011年广州市高三调研测试.................................................................................... 65 2011广州市四校联考文科综合能力测试 ......................................................................... 67 2011广东省六校高三毕业班第三次联合考试 .................................................................. 70 2011广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 72 2011肇庆市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 75 2011湛江市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 77 2011茂名市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 79 2011深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 81 2011韶关市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 84 2011汕头市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 86 2011佛山市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 89 2011揭阳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 91 2011惠州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) .................................................................. 93 2011广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................. 96 2011肇庆市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................. 98 2011深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................100 2011韶关市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................102 2011汕头市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................105 2011湛江市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................107 2011茂名市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................110 2011惠州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................114 2011揭阳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................116 2011佛山市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) .................................................................119 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 C D C A B A C D A B D 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 C B A C D D A B C B C B 题号 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C D A A B D C D B C D A 二、非选择题 (一)必考题(5题，共135分) 36((1)根据等雪期线的分布，分析沿MN一线的地形分布特点。(12分) 等雪期线在中部地区向北(东北)凸出。表明沿MN一线中部雪期短于其东西两侧地区。即东西部气温持续低于0?C的时间较长;中部气温持续低于0?C的时间较短。因此，中部地势较低(为平原)，东西部地势较高(为山地)(东西高，中间低) (2)比较甲、乙两地雪期与降雪量的差异，并解释原因。(6分) 甲地雪期比乙地地雪期短，原因是甲地纬度低于乙地，甲地降雪量比乙地多，主要是因为甲地比乙地距海近，水汽更为充足。 (3)分析位于丘陵区的丙地融雪侵蚀较乙地严重的原因。(8分) 丙地属于丘陵地形，地势低于乙地，融雪径流量大于乙地;丙地比乙地更多受到人类的影响(如林地被毁，过度垦荒等)丙地更易被侵蚀。 37( (1)据图简述我国桑蚕养殖业的发展特点。(8分) 答案要点一: 全国总产量增长较快:传统主产区中，珠江三角洲发展较快，其他发展缓慢;广西发展迅速，成为最大的桑蚕养殖省区;其余省区(大于0.1吨)多数有发展，只有新疆减产较大。 答案要点二:东部原产量大，增长量较少，中部有明显增长，但总产量相比不大;西部以广西为代表增长迅速;主产区由东部转移到西部(总产量2000年以东部最多，2007年以西部最多)。 (2)简述广西桑蚕业迅速发展的优势地理条件。(6分) 热量资源丰富(纬度较低);劳动力丰富且价格较低;离珠三角洲较近，便于引进生产技术(经验)和销售产品。 (3)有人建议贵州向广西学习，大力发展桑蚕业。你是否赞成?简述理由。(6分) 赞成。理由:经济较落后，耕地较少，有大量剩余劳动力，热量条件好等。 或不赞成，理由:地势较高，交通不便，离市场远，与广西竞争处于劣势等。 38((1)运用经济学知识，分析该省煤炭行业实行重组的意义。对于材料提到的重组中存在的问题，你认为应如何解决?(14分) 提高技术水平和煤矿安全生成水平;实现规模经济;提高资源利用率;减少税费流失;促进产业结构调整和升级。 坚持市场原则，对资产作价进行科学评估;注重业务整合、强化安全生成管理。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 3 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)煤矿安全生产事故发生后，为什么必须对相关政府官员进行行政问责?结合煤矿安全生产提出建设责任政府的建议。(12分) 为人民服务是政府的宗旨，对人民负责是政府工作的基本原则;政府职能部门及其工作人员负有维护煤矿安全生产的职责:实施行政问责(有利于纠正各种不负责任的现象，提高责任意识(进一步完善煤矿安全生产相关规章制度;明确政府职贵(强化对企业安全生产监管;强化对政府部门的监督考评，严格行政问责， 39((1)运用哲学知识，对材料一中“经济不景气成就文化产业发展是一条规律”的推断的合理性和严谨性作简要评析。(12分) 文化产业的发展需要相应的条件。经济不景气时，经济结构调整的压力和人们对精神文化的需求，为文化产业发展提供了契机。美日韩的例子也说明了该推断有一定合理性。 规律是事物的本质、必然、稳定的联系，经验有一定的事实基础，但不同于规律。把有限的经验提升为普遍的规律，是不严谨的。 (2)根据材料二，有人认为，从“文化搭台”到“文化唱戏”，体现了人们对文化功能认识的深化。你赞同这种看法吗?运用文化知识简要说明理由。(8分) 答案一: 不赞同。文化具有满足人们精神需要，为经济社会发展提供思想保证、精神动力、智力支持等功能(材料二中，从“文化搭台”到“文化唱戏”，只强调文化的经济功能，而忽视了其他功能。 答案二: 赞同。“文化搭台”只看到文化对经济的服务功能，“文化唱戏”则认识到文化本身的经济功能。文化产业的快速发展，体现了文化具有满足人们精神需要的功能。 (3)面对激烈的国际竞争，提升我国文化产业竞争力的意义何在?请对制定文化强省(市)战略提出方法论的建议。(6分) 文化是国家核心竞争力的重要因素(发展文化产业，能提升我国综合国力(掌握国际竞争主动权。制定文化强省(市)战略，可以借鉴经验，但要从实际出发，具体问题具体分析， 40((1)根据材料一并结合所学知识，概括指出明清之际江南手工业发展的特点。(8分) 官营手工业衰落;家庭手工业开始面向市场;民营手工业发展迅速;资本主义性质的手工业作坊产生(出现资本主义性质的雇佣关系)。 (2)根据材料二并结合所学知识，说明l9世纪中期以前英国工业发展的阶段及阶段性特征。(16分) 阶段: "原工业化”:工业革命(工业化)。( 4 分) 阶段性特征:“原工业化”阶段:手工工场快速发展:商人参与:使用雇佣劳动(工业革命阶段:大机器生产:需要大量资本;形成工业资产阶级和工业无产阶级两大阶级。(12 分) (3)根据材料并结合所学知识，阐述对恩格斯所说“历史前提”的认识。(13分) (要求:以对“历史前提”的认识为中心;观点明确，史论结合。) 答案略 (二)选考题(共25分) 请考生在第41、42二道地理题中任选一题做答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分。做答时用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目的题号涂黑。 41((10分) 分析图7所示岛屿成为世界著名旅游目的地的优势条件。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 旅游资源丰富(组合好):地处地中海的岛屿，气候温暖，阳光充足;有海滨浴场、海域、山地等自然旅游资源;以及世界遗产、名胜古迹等人文旅游资源。 交通设施完善(有机场、港口、高速公路等)，通达性好。 42((10分)自然灾害与防治 分析这次地质灾害发生的原因。 顺向岩层因公路施工失去稳定性。“岩锚”加固使得单面山上部岩层形成整体。(降水、地震等因素导致)深处地层松软(层面松动)使得该单面山上部山体滑落，对公路产生巨大推力，导致该公路被毁。 请考生在第43、44二道历史题中任选—题做答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分。做答时用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目的题号涂黑。 43((15分)历史上重大改革回眸 (1)根据材料一、二，指出第五琦和刘晏所推行的榷盐法的不同之处。(8分) 不同之处:第五琦:官营专卖，官府专利;强行加价。 刘晏:官督民产商销，官商分利;设常平盐。 (2)根据材料二，说明刘晏改革榷盐法的意义。(7分) 促进盐业发展;增加政府财政收入;利商，便民;有助于社会稳定。 44((15分)20世纪的战争与和平 (1)根据材料并结合所学知识，概括指出远东国际军事法庭建立的背景;说明远东国际军事法庭庭长先后提出的法官座次安排的理由。(8分) 背景:日本法西斯侵略战争失败;美国等盟国对日本实行占领与管制;开始非军事化、民主化改革。 理由:最重要国际组织的既成事实;国际惯例;法庭所在国最高军事当局首领同意 (2)说明中国法官抗争的原因，并加以简要。(7分) 原因:中国为战胜国，在国际反法西斯战争中贡献巨大;中国未受到应有的尊重;中国法官代表民族利益 评价:抗争关系到中国的地位、荣誉和尊严。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 B C A C C B A D D D B 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 A C D C B D D C A C D B 题号 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 D C B C D A B C A D B A 二、非选择题 36.(26分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 5 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (1)广东省政府编制和推行发展规划、指导，注重于财政投放改善民生、地区 差异缩小、公共服务均等化和收入分配公平。这符合: ?社会公平需要合理的 收入分配。政府对收入分配要进行调节。 ?市场经济需要发挥财政的调控职能。 财政可以弥补市场失灵导致的收入差距拉大。 ?社会主义的本质要求和共同富 裕的目标。 ?全面小康社会建设中形成区域协调互动发展机制、合理有序的收 入分配格局的要求。 ?科学发展观以人为本、推动区域协调发展、缩小区域差 距的要求。 (2)粤东、粤西、粤北经济增长速度超过了全省平均速度;地区差异正在缩小。 (3) ?广东加速欠发达地区发展，促进协调发展和共同富裕，体现出政府是为人 民服务、对人民负责的政府。 ?政府在履行职能中体现服务型政府的建设。政 府运用财政手段调控产业转移，履行了经济建设的职能;政府组织农民技能培 训，履行了提供社会公共服务的职能。 37.(26分) (1) ?立足社会实践。社会实践是清明文化创新的根本途径。 ?继承传统，推陈出 新。发扬传统清明文化中健康有益的内容，去除封建落后的成分;采用节约环 保的绿色过节方式，注人体现时代要求的新内容。 ?博采众长，以我为主。既 吸取外来有益文化，又保持我国清明文化的民族特色。 ?支持正确方向。克服 “守旧主义”和“封闭主义”、“民族虚无主义”和“历史虚无主义”等错误 倾向。 (2) ?发展具有普遍性。汉语也是不断发展的。 ?发展的实质是事物的前进和上升。 新陈代谢是汉语发展不可抗拒的客观规律。 ?事物发展的前途是光明的。符合 汉语自身发展规律的新的语言要素，具有强大的生命力。 ?事物发展的道路是 曲折的。汉语在其发展过程中总要经历一个由不完善到比较完善的过程，不可 避免地存在着弱点和不完善的地方，人们的争议也表明对新事物也有一个认识 的过程。 ?做好量变准备，促进事物的质变。要积极积累、吸收符合语言发展内 在规律的元素，为促进汉语进一步的发展做好准备。 38.(28分) (1) 商品经济发展;反映市民生活的文艺作品大量出现，如《清明上河图》、宋词、 话本等。 (2) 明治维新，日本富强;甲午中日战争中国战败，民族危机严重;清政府推动，留 学日本较为便利。 (3) “一战”期间民族资本主义发展，工人力量壮大;中国工人阶级具有革命性，在 民族危机、学生运动、十月革命影响下，政治上觉醒。新中国成立，确立了工人阶 级的领导地位;工业化。 (4) 家庭联产承包责任制解放了生产力，农村出现了剩余劳动力;城市化进程加快， 城市经济体制改革、对外开放、市场经济发展需要大量劳动力。 39((24分) (1)工业革命成就了自由贸易。在在贸易保护政策下英国完成工业革命;经过工业革 命，英国的竞争力增强、采取贸易自由政策。 (2)低—高—低。低—高的原因:1929-1933年的世界经济危机;高—低的原因:美 国经济实力提高;倡导自由贸易。 (3)?欧共体(欧盟)、北美自由贸易区、亚太经合组织、东盟等。 ?本小问考生言之有理，皆可得分，满分4分。 40((26分) (1)北美 欧 (2)自西向东 暖流 7 8 GPS (3)三 上升 (4)?调整产业结构与贸易结构，减少高耗能产品生产出口;?发展清洁能源，优 化能源结构;?更新生产设备与工艺，节能降耗;?发展科学技术，提高能源 利用效率。 41((30分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (1)草地 林地 温带草原带 (2)增加 工业化与城市化发展 (3)原料 煤炭开采业 (4)三类工业部门:电子生产和供应业(燃气生产供应业)、炼焦及石油加工业、 化学原料及化学制品业。 理由:?充分利用当地资源;?考虑工业部门之间的前后联系，增加产品附加 值;?共享技术及基础设施，降低成本。 (5)?城市规划超前;?配套设施不足;?交通不便;?居民住房购买力不足。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 答案 A B A B B D C D A D A / 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 D A D B C B C D C A D B 题号 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C C A C A B D C B D D B 二、非选择题 12,23 DADBC BCDCA DB 36((30分) (1)有利条件:纬度低，海运便利、地形平坦开阔、人口稀少等。 不利因素:天气多变 (2)?地河流落差小、地势低平;水位季节变化大;沿河多沼泽。 ?地出于河口三角洲;水网密布;多滩涂。 (3)热带雨林被大面积砍伐。全球温室气体浓度上升，气候变暖加剧。水土流失，河流泥 沙增加等。 (4)东侧:沿海;航运便利;西侧:安第斯山区;地势较高，气候较凉爽。 37((26分) (1)呈上升态势;发展、智力和社会三个支持系统。 (2)2003年前徘徊波动，2003年较快上升，2004年后平稳发展。农业投入水平增加，资 源转化效率提高，农业政策调控取得成效。 (3)变化缓慢，近几年有所下降，但基本保持稳定(或尚未持续恶化)。 原因:经济高速增长带来的环境冲击部分得到缓解和遏制(或环境治理和节能减排取 得一定成效) (4)三次产业结构差异:东部加工制造业和第三产业相对发达。中、西部农业占较大比重。 工业结构:东部以轻型或轻重混合型产业为主。西部以重型产业为主。中部呈过渡性特征。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 7 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 38((26分) (1)出现短暂春天，发展速度、规模空前。轻工业有显著发展，重工业有一定增长。但主 要分布在沿海地区，没有形成独立完整的工业体系。与外国资本、传统经济形式相比， 仍居弱势地位。 (2)曲折而艰难地发展。各资本主义国家为转嫁危机，对华倾销商品，日本加剧侵华，冲 击了中国民族工业发展。中国人民的反帝爱国运动，国民政府采取的一些促进经济发 展的措施，使民族工业在1929年后仍能坚持下去。 (3)处于困境。国民党发动内战，使社会动荡;签订《中美友好通商航海条约》，利于美国 经济侵略。依靠国家权力，扩张官僚资本。实行恶性通货膨胀政策和繁重的税收政策。 39((26分) (1)《论法的精神》。政治民主及人民自由的保证是权力分立。一个国家的权力分为立法权、 行政权、和司法权。三者互相独立而又互相监督(或:三权制约与平衡)。 (2)立法权:国会分为众议院和参议院;国会立法须经总统批准，总统对立法有否决权; 最高法院可以“违宪”的名义，废止已通过的立法。 行政权:总统缔结条约须经参议院同意;总统任命官员须经参议院同意;国会对总统 有弹劾权;总统连任不得超过两届。 司法权:最高法院法官由总统任命，参议院批准。 (3)可避免滥用职权(避免独裁或绝对权力的出现)，在一定程度上保障了资产阶级民主， 为美国的长期稳定和发展打下了坚实基础。但是，有时也会出现三权扯皮，甚至相互 否决，导致效率低下，影响统治集团意志的有效贯彻。 40((20分) (1)我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，人民是国家和社会的主人。人民政府必须依法 行政，为人民服务，对人民负责，行政裁量权过大，容易导致行政机关任意裁量和难 以正确裁量，影响政府的公信力，甚至损坏法律的权威，背离人民的意志。政府主动 规范行政裁量权，对正确履行职能，提高依法行政水平和政府权威，保障人民群众的 权利和自由等都具有重要的意义。 (2)唯物辩证法认为，世界上的一切事物都包含既相互对立，又相互统一的两个方面，双 方在一定条件下相互转化。政府的权威和权力既对立又统一。行政机关裁量权过大易 导致权力滥用，甚至滋生腐败，损害其威望和公信力。行政机关对权力自我设限，虽 然会缩小行政裁量权的自由度，但能够使权力运行更公开、透明、规范，工作效率更 高，群众更加认可政府。因此，地方政府对权力自我设限，不是削弱而是提高了政府 的权威。 41((32分) (1)图13显示，2005—2009年浙江省城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入都 在增长，但前者大大高于后者。城镇居民收入增速大于农村居民收入增速;二都的差 距有缩小趋势，但农村居民收入的增速波动较大。表7显示，2009年浙江省农村居民 纯收入来源多样化;工资性收入比重大大高于其他项的比重。 (2)统筹城乡发展需要生产、分配、交换和消费等社会再生产四个环节的有机结合。生产 是起决定性作用的环节。省政府着力提升传统工业，推进新兴产业，发展现代农业， 为工业反哺农业，发展农村经济，进一步拓宽农村居民收入来源，增加农村居民收入 创造了条件。分配和交换是连接生产和消费的桥梁和纽带。省政府加大对“三农”的advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 财政投入和转移支付的力度，建立城乡居民社会保障制度，有助于提高农业生产能力 和农村居民的消费水平;培育各类专业市场，有助于促进商品流通和城乡生产发展。 消费是最终目的和动力。省政府推进农村住房改造和城镇化建设、力推“家电下乡”， 建立城乡居民社会保障制度等，既提高了农村居民的消费水平，又有助于扩大内需， 促进生产发展。 (3)农村的发展不仅需要经济的发展，还需要文化的发展。经济是文化的基础，然而文化 对经济有反作用。实施一系列农村文化建设工程，可以为农村发展提供精神动力和智 力支持，满足农村居民日益增长的文化需求。文化建设既需要物质载体，也需要正确 引导。实施文化工程，不仅有助于农村文化的繁荣和发展，也有利于保证中国特色的 社会主义文化方向。因此，统筹城乡发展，政府既要给钱，也要加强文化工程建设。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(福建卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 B D D B A D C A C A B 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 C D B B D A D C B D B C 题号 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 答案 A A D C D B A D B B D C A 二、非选择题 [必考部分](116分) (1)变化趋势:水量减少。 原因:该河段所处区域降水量少，蒸发量大(流经半干旱、干旱地区);少支流汇入;河水下渗严重。 (2)主要差异:甲地降水明显多于乙地。 原因:甲地受来自海洋的西南气流和沿岸暖流影响，地处山地迎风地带，降水丰富;乙地地形平坦，西南气流受地形抬升显著，并受离岸寒流影响，降水较少。 (3)水稻种植经验不足，生产技术落后;水利设施不完善(机械化程度低;传统生产观念和主食消费习惯的影响。 (4)地形平坦;草原广阔:河流水资源较丰富;灌溉农业及牧业较发达;处于古代贸易的交通要道。 38((37分) (1)A段:中西大致保持一致，走势相对平稳，中国略高于西欧。 B段:中国稳定不前，西欧超过中国并持续上升。 C段:中国总体下降，西欧加递上升。 (2)中国:自然经济为主;君主专制统治强化;重农抑商、闭关锁国政策，思想文化专制。 西欧:商品经济发展，工业革命与科技进步;资本主义制度逐步确立;海外贸易、殖 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 9 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 民扩张与掠夺;民主思想发展。 (3)特点:中国工业得到较大发展;增长速度超过主要资本主义国家。 原因:近代中国工业产值基数低，在工农业总产值中所占比重小;落后的社会制度;动荡的社会环境;资本主义列强的掠夺和压制。 (4)走适合本国国情的发展道路;加强区域台作，顺应全球化潮流;重规科技创新、理论创新;重视教育，提高国民素质等。 ) 39((42分 (1)?认识受各种条件限制，人们对一个事物的正确认识往往要经过多次反复才能完成。从孟子到唐太宗再到谭嗣同对民本思想的演变，直至中国共产党“以人为本”的提出，体现了认识的反复性。?社会实践是不断发展的人类认识是无限发展的。随着社会历史条件的不断变化，从“民贵君轻”到“君存百姓”再到“民本君末”，民本思想的内涵不断变化，“以人为本”的内涵也将随着中国特色社会主义实践的深入而不断丰富，体现了认识的无限性。?认识运动是一种波浪式前进或螺旋式上升的过程。“以人为本”就是对民本思想的超越和发展，体现了认识的上升性。 (2)?经济、政治决定文化，文化是经祷、政治的反映。民本思想和中国共产觉“以人为本”都是一定社会经济、政治制度的产物。传统的民本思想是剥削制度的产物，中国共产党“以人为本”建立在社会主义经济、政治制度的基础上。?文化反作用于政治、经济，给予政治、经济以重大影响。传统的民本思想有利于缓和当时社会的阶级矛盾，根本上是为了巩固剥削阶级的统治。中国共产党“以人为本”的实践促进了我国政治、经济的发展，根本上是为人民服务。 (3)答案一(农民工):国家必须大力发展经济，加强宏观调控，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，逐步提高最低工资，切实加强社会信用建设，健全社会信用体系，依法保障农民工的合法权益;企业要依法诚信经营，建立职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制;农民工要增强权利意识和法律意识，依法维护自身的合法权益。 答察二(家庭主妇):国家必须大力发展经济，加强宏观调控，规范市场秩序，稳定物价，切实加强社会信用建设，健全社会信用体系(依法保障消费者的台法权益;企业要依法诚信经营，生产符合食品安垒标准的产品;消费者要了解市场信息，懂得依法维护自身的合法权益，参与监督，共同培育良好的市场秩序。 答案三(企业家):国家必须大力发展经济，加强宏观调控，规范市场秩序，切实加强社会信用建设，健全社会信用体系，为企业的发展提供良好环境;企业要制定正确的经营战略，依靠技术进步、科学管理等手段，提高自主创新能力，形成竞争优势，诚信经营，承担社会责任，树立良好的信誉和企业形象;企业家要提高自身素质，正确处理个人、企业和国家之间的关系。 (4)?国家制定相应的法律，保障公民有序参与政治生活，保障公民真正享有和行使政治权利和自由;?坚持公民在法律面前一律平等原则，确保公民平等地享有权利和履行义务;?坚持人民民主专政，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度，坚持宗教信仰自由政策，不断推进社会主义政治制度的自我完善和发展，保障人民当家作主。 [选考部分](40分) 40((15分)地理 A([选修2——海洋地理] (1)关系:空间分布一致。 原因:在出现海洋锋的海域，海水扰动强烈，营养物质和饵料丰富，鱼群集中，形成渔场。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)实行休渔制度;防止过度捕捞;发展海洋牧场;防止水污染。 B(【选修5——自然灾害与防治】 (1)关系:正相关(A地区社会经济易损性高，防洪标准也高)。 原因:A地处珠江三角洲，地势低平，排水不畅，发生洪涝灾害的危险度高;人口密集，经济发达，洪灾造成的社会经济损失大，所以应提高防洪标准。 (2)植树造林，生态退耕;修建护坡工程;修建水库;迁出高风险区。 选修6——环境保护】 C([ (1)总体趋势:水质有所转好。 原因:工业用地面积大量减少，并主要转化为居住用地和城市绿地，污染源减少;城市绿地面积增加，改善了水质。 (2)打捞漂浮垃圾;清除河床淤泥，引水冲淤;沿岸绿化;禁止工业废水和生活污水直接排放。 41((15分)历史 A([选修l——历史上重大改革回眸] (1)主张:夷夏有别，少数民族应远离中原。 理由:儒家的传统观念;夷夏风俗习性不同;可以减轻对中原的危害。 (2)作用促进洛阳的繁盛;推动北方社会经济文化发展;促进民族融合;奠定隋唐国家统一的基础。认识少数民族及其文化给中原文明带来了鲜活的元素;汉族与少数民族之间的交融、互补，丰富了中华文明的内涵;避免民族对立，消除民族隔阂(是国家发展进步的重要保证。 B([选修2——近代杜会的民主思想与实践] (1)梁启超认为提高国民素质是当务之急，先培养“新民”，再建立民主政治;孙中山认为国民素质低下无碍实行民主政治(可以先建立民主政治，保障民权。 (2)不对立。 理由:两者都代表民族资产阶级的利益;都是为了实现民主政治，推动社会变革(顺应时代发展潮流。 C[选修4——中外历史人物评说] (1)提倡土布经济;反对剥削，抵制西方工业文明;保持印度的乡村经济;鼓励人们互相帮助与合作。 (2)进步性:甘地的经济思想是其非暴力思想的重要组成部分;有利于抵抗英国的经济侵略;有利于缓和社会矛盾;有利于增强民族自尊心和自信心;对后来的世界和平主义运动、环境保护运动等产生了深远的影响。 局限性:对西方工业文明的认识具有片面性;建设印度社会的构想没有顺应时代的潮流。 42((10分)思想政治 A[选修3——国家和国际组织常识] (1)C (2)?有利于发展中国家在经济领域开展交流与合作，为发展中国家创造良好的发展环境，促进发展中国家经济和社会的发展。?有利于发展中国家在国际事务中发挥积扳作用，促进国际新秩序的建立，维护世界和平(实现共同发展。?有利于协调各成员的利益，克服国际组织操控在一些国家手中的局限性。 B(【选修4——科学思维常识】 (1)C (2)?展示一个固绕主题的想象。(想象内容略)?a(把抽象的思想、概念形象化，并按照有意想象的要 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 11 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 求(找出不同对象之问的关联，给抽象思维的对象建立富有创造性的新形象。(要求结合自己的想象进行说明)b(通过提出“假如”式问题，将与事实相反的情况作为事物发展的一种条件，仿照事物之间的条件关系，推测事物可能发展的前景。(要求结合自己的想象进行说明) 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 A B D B C A C D B D A 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 答案 C B C A B B D C D A A 题号 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 答案 D C C A A B B D C A 二、非选择题 33、(28分) (1)安徽与广东等省相比，原材料、劳动力、水、土地、能源等供给充足，生产成本低;(也可从广东等省生产成本高等角度分析)广东等省产业结构升级、生态环境压力增大;安徽临近沿海发达地区，对外交通日益完善，市场广阔，政策扶持力度大。 与安徽相比，广东等省经济发展水平高，就业机会多，收入水平高，教育、医疗等社会保障服务体系完善。(也可从安徽省劳动力富余等角度分析) (2)安徽的工业化进程加快，就业机会增加，收入水平提高。向发达地区迁移的人口减少，其他地区人口迁人增加。省内农村人口向城镇迁移加快，城镇规模扩大，城市化水平不断提高。 34、(32分) (1)陆地面积扩大;向东北方向(海洋或河口方向)扩展;延伸速度越来越快。黄土高原。 (2)暴雨、洪涝 黄土高原土质疏松，植被稀少，地形破碎，沟谷发育，坡度大，暴雨和洪水对地表的侵蚀强度大，形成的径流搬运能力强，携带大量泥沙在该区域沉积。 (3)改善农业生产条件，如加强农田水利建设、改善排灌条件、推广节水技术和优良品种等;加强农业生态环境建设，如退耕还林还草、保持水土、治理盐碱地和风沙地、建设农田防护林等;实现农业综合开发，转变经营方式，如发展农产品加工业、延长产业链等;优化农业生产结构，如农林牧渔相结合、宜林则林、宜牧则牧等;加强农业生产专业化、地区专门化，如建设各种商品农业基地等。(选择一个区域从以上5个方面回答，具体措施要结合区域特点) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 35、(28分) (1)实用性，继承性。统一多民族国家的巩固和发展;统治者重视农业生产;农耕经济的需要。 (2)人类先后进入“蒸汽时代”、“电气时代”;促进了资本主义世界市场的形成和发展。科技成为引领经济、社会发展的主要动力;科技创新能力为当代国际竞争力的关键因素;促进产业结构调整，摆脱金融危机。 (3)科技发展会带来一些负面影响。如环境、社会、伦理等问题。在人与自然和谐相处的理念下进一步提高科技水平;加强国际合作，确保经济、社会可持续发展等。 36、(28分) (1)以“天朝上国”自居;不愿与其他国家平等交往。限制中外交往，堵塞了与世界沟通的渠道，使中国继续处于封闭状态。 (2)畏惧西方列强，对外态度软弱，不敢为维护民族利益而抗争。清政府在鸦片战争中战败，在外交上处于不利地位;某些清朝官员已感到中国的实力不如西方国家，不惜放弃民族利益以维护清王朝统治。 (3)“朝贡”外交;屈辱外交;独立自主的和平外交。中国曾长期在世界文明中居于领先地位，封建统治者养成了盲目自大心理;中国不断遭受列强侵略，逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会;中华民族获得独立，民族自信心增强，综合国力不断提升。 37、(28分) (1)收入是消费的基础和前提，城乡居民实际收入增长率的变化影响其消费消费实际增长率的变化。收入预期影响居民消费，城镇居民消费实际增长率总体高于其实际人均可支配收入增长率，农村则相反，原因之一在于城镇居民收入预期高于农村居民收入预期。收入差距影响社会总体消费，城乡居民收入存在一定差距也会影响社会总体消费水平。 (2)我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家，政府是国家权力机关的执行机关。为人民服务是政府的宗旨，对人民负责是政府工作的基本原则。加强“三农”工作体现了政府组织经济建设的职能;大力教育事业体现了政府组织文化建设的职能;完善社会保障体系等体现了政府提供社会公共服务的职能;维护社会稳定，促进社会和谐，体现了政府保障人民民主和维护国家长治久安的职能。 (3)坚持两点论和重点论的统一。既要全面分析问题，又要抓住重点、分清主次，如在看到城乡居民收入水平、消费水平的变化和差异时，又抓住收入影响消费这个重点。坚持具体问题具体分析。问题不同，分析和解决的方法也不同，如运用收入影响消费的知识分析材料一，运用政府管理与服务的知识分析材料二，解答上述两个问题。 38、(28分) (1)悠久的“和谐”思想，上下五千年文明的精华等，说明中华文化历史悠久，一脉相承，体现了中华文化源远流长的特征。丰富的中国元素，独特的微派建筑，多样的民间艺术等，说明中华文化内容丰富、形式多样，体现了中华文化博大精深的特征。各种文化和谐共处，体现了中华文化的句容性(或“中华文化之源远流长、博大精深、一个重要原因在于它所我有的包容性”) (2)有利于提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家;有利于加快转变经济发展方式，推动经济结构优化升级;有利于加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力;有利于推动区城协调发展，缩小区城发展差距。 (3)实践具有主观能动性。选择“走进世博、聚焦安徽”这一主题进行探究是一种有目的、 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 13 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 有意识的实践活动。实践是认识的基础。“文化世博”、“低碳世博”的认识来源于探究活动，对世博会的认识在探究活动中得到了深化。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷) 文科综合 思想政治部分 I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分。 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.C II卷共三题，共56分。 12.(21分) (1)?企业要利用国家宏观调控的优惠政策，赢得发展机遇。 ?企业需要制定准确的经营战略，在生产经营中注重节能减排 ?企业要加强自主创新，掌握自我知识产权，形成竞争优势。 ?企业要坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，提高对外开放水平。 ? 企业在追求利润的同时，也要承担相应的社会责任。 (2)?价值是凝结在商品中的无差别的人类劳动。商品的价值量是由生产商品所耗费的社会必要劳动时间决定。价格以价值为基础。?商品生产者通过改良技术、改善经营管理手段降低个别劳动时间，客观上促进了社会劳动生产率提高，缩短了社会必要劳动时间，降低单位商品价值量，因而价格会下降。?受供求关系的影响，价格围绕价值上下波动是价值规律发挥作用的表现。低碳商品供给的增加，使价格下降。 13.(10分) ?坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一。?党要坚持民主执政，以发展党内民主带动人民民主建设。?坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、民族区域自治制度等政治制度，以保障我国民主的真实性和广泛性。 14. (25分) (1)?尊重文化的多样性，有利于促进世界文化的交流和繁荣。?有利于中华文化在世界的传播，扩大中华文明的影响力。?有利于文化成果转化为物质力量，对经济社会发展产生积极的影响。?有利于激发人们的创新意识，进一步促进人类文明发展。 (2)?实践是认识的基础;实践是认识的来源、动力、标准、目的。“展示台”“大课堂”“助推器”等材料分别体现了上述原理。?追求真理是一个过程，认识具有无限性。“新驿站”等材料体现了上述原理。 (3) ?突出美观或强调实用，坚持重点论。?主张美观和实用的统一，坚持两点论和重点论的统一。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷) 文科综合 历史部分 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分。 1、B 2、D 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.D II卷共2题，共56分 12.40分 (1)对危害统治的行为给予严惩 维护君主专制统治。 (2) 加强市场管理:实行“海禁”。市场立法规范了商品市场。顺应了商品经济发展的要求。 (3) 法律面前人人平等;保护私有财产;增强其法律效应。维护了资产阶级革命成果;成为资产阶级世界的法律经典;对外界产生了广泛影响。 (4) 英国颁布《权利法案》确立了君主立宪政体;没过通过1787年宪法确立了联邦制共和政体;发过通过了1875年宪法确立了共和政体。 (5) 经济立法涉及领域较为广泛;反映了资产阶级的要求;将西方有关法规与本国事迹相结合。 促进民族资本主义的发展。 (6) 加强法制建设。“文化大革命”对民主法制的践踏。 提出了经济建设方针;1982年修订宪法;形成了中国特色的法律体系，民主政治建设合法化、法律化。 (7) 法制随社会发展不断进步与完善;法制是民主政治和社会经济发展的主要保障。 13.(16分) (1)集体安全;经济制裁。 对维护和平有一定的进步意义;但从李顿调查团主张“满洲自治”来看，国联未能有效的制裁侵略，维护和平。 (2)一战后和平主义盛行;欧美政治需要。 对侵略者并没有强大的约束力，列强各国都有“保留条件”。成为以后战争发生的隐患。 (1) 在联合国框架下，和平协商、共同发展、加强合作，维护世界和平。 一贯坚持独立自主的和平外交方针;倡导和平共处五项原则;对霸权主义、强权政治;开展以联合国为中心的多边外交;参加维和行动等。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷) 文科综合 地理部分 I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分。 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D II卷共2题，共56分 (1) 自西北向东南:右江流域的地势自西北向东南降低。 (2) 夏半年径流量大，冬半年径流量小(径流量季节变化大):夏半年降水量多，冬半年降水量少(降水量季节变化大)。 (3) 旱情自西向东逐渐减轻;降水量东多西少(降水量分布不均);西部坡度大(西部地势高)，地表水难以保存;西部地表土层薄弱，难以保持水分;西部有石灰岩分布，易造成地表水渗漏。答出任意两项即可。 (4) 减小风浪、保护堤岸。 (5) 景区的吸引物(红树木或旅游资源);能较好的保护红树木及生态环境(红 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 15 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 树林及生态环境仍会遭到破坏);旅游者(游客)提高了游客的观赏质量(游客不能接近红树林，影响了观赏效果);景区的服务业(保护区管理部门):合理利用了红树林作为旅游资源的价值，增加了收入(应该更好的保护红树林，不应片面追求经济效益)。每方面可以从正、反任一角度评价，只要合理，即可得分。 13、(1)更多地吸收了地面长波辐射，提高了大气温度;增加了大气逆辐射，补偿了地面损失的热量。 (1) 使冬季的太阳高照得以充分利用;提高了大棚内的温度，使作物在冬季也可种植(可以减轻冻害，提高农业生产抗灾能力);有利于保持、调节大棚内的空气和土壤的水分) (2) 市场对能源的需求量大(能源缺乏);科技力量强;经济基础雄厚(资金充足);首都对环境质量要求高。答出任意三项即可。 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 D C B C A D C D B C A 题号 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 C D C B A D C A B B D A 题号 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C B C D B C D D A A D A 二、非选择题 36.(1)年降水量900毫米左右(较丰富)，夏季(1月)少雨，(1分)冬季(7月)多雨; 夏季(1月)受副热带高压影响，冬季(7月)受西风控制。 (2)乙、丙两区为现代混合农业(小麦—绵羊带或小麦—牧羊带;丙区有河流(水资源较丰富)，平原范围广(地形较平坦)。 (3)主要分布在东部沿海地区(甘蔗种植区)。接近原料地(原料指向)，接近港口，接近市场。 (4)资源:周边有其他旅游资源，空间组合好;区位及市场:交通便利，靠近国内外客源市场;基础设施:临近东部沿海经济发达地区，基础设施条件好。 (5)东岸污染由近岸向大洋扩散(向东、向南扩散);东部海区主要受由低纬(西北)向高纬(东南)的洋流(暖流)影响。 37((1)史实:唐朝中后期饮茶渐成风俗;茶叶成为同少数民族交易的货物。 条件:唐朝时期大运河便利了南北交通;唐朝商业贸易繁荣。 (2)作用:茶叶成为中西贸易的主要商品之一，茶叶贸易促进了世界市场的发展;茶叶贸易的利润为英国等国提供资本积累。 原因:印度成为英国殖民地;19世纪印度茶叶种植业兴起，印度茶逐渐打破中国茶在贸易中的垄断地位。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (3)原因:北美人民反对英国高压政策，维护殖民地人民的自由权利;反对东印度公司的垄断。 影响:进一步激化了殖民地和英国的矛盾;成为引发美国独立战争爆发的原因之一。 (4)发展阶段 ?从企业发展角度: 阶段划分 阶段名称 1900—1925年 创业阶段 1925—1956年 扩展阶段 1956—1999年 改制阶段 1999年至今 企业改革(与扩大)阶段 ?从企业性质角度: 阶段划分 阶段名称 1900—1925年 民族资本主义企业 1956年至今 社会主义企业 ? 1959—1999年 ? 国营(有)企业 ? 1999年至今 ? 股份制企业 ?从企业经营角度: 阶段划分 阶段名称 1900—1956年 私营企业 1956—1999年 国营企业 1999年至今 股份制公司 中国经济状况: (1)1900—1925:民族工商业进一步发展;清政府和民国政府的鼓励。 (2)1925—1956:民国政府对民族企业既鼓励有压制(四大家族);抗日战争对民族经济的破坏;中国共产党新民主义经济政策;民族工业曲折发展。 (3)1956—1999:三大改造完成;进入社会主义社会探索与曲折发展阶段;经济体制;改革开放。 (4)1999—至今:社会主义市场经济体制建立;国企改革深入。 38.(1)?人为事物的联系。 ?这种联系是人们按照实践的需要，在实践中，根据事物固有联系，改变事物的状态，调整原有的联系，建立起来的。 (2)对个人消费的影响:将改变人们的消费方式，提高消费的质量和水平。 对企业经营的影响:使生产管理更加科学降低生产成本，促进诚信经营，有助于树立良好的信誉和形象。 对国民经济的影响:有助于规范市场秩序，提高市场配置资源的效率;有助于提高国家的整体技术水平和创新能力，优化产业结构，促进就业。 (3)?当前国际竞争的实质是以经济和科技实力为基础的综合国力的较量。物联网对于提高我国的综合国力具有重要的战略意义。发展物联网是政府的职责所在。 ?政府要履行组织经济建设的职能，制定发展规划、拟定行业标准、出台相关政策，支持物联网核心技术研发和推广应用;履行组织文化建设职能，拓展教育事业，加强物联网人才培养;履行维护国家长治久安职能，保护国家和公民信息安全。 (4)相关主题应增强创新意识，进一步加强物联网的核心和关键技术的创新;根据物联网发展的客观要求，适时调整于此不相适应的生产关系的部分和环节;在实践中变革思维方式，不断发展和建立新的联系并拓展物联网的应用范围。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 17 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 39.(1)变化:英国煤炭产量在1830年之后加速增长。 原因:英国木材等传统能源供应日趋紧张;工业革命的发展加大了能源的需求;铁路等现代化运输条件的改善降低了运煤成本，使得煤在工业中的大规模使用成为可能。 (2)美国碳排放总量和人均排放均较多;或俄罗斯碳排放总量较少，人均排放量较多;或法国碳排放总量较少，人均排放量较多;或印度碳排放总量较少，人均排放量接近。(四选其一) (3)二氧化碳浓度增加，使大气吸收底面长波辐射能力增强，增加了大气逆辐射，导致气温上升(或温室效应增强，或大气保温作用增强)。 (4)?在市场经济中，由于价格规律的自发调节，许多企业为了自身利益，大量排放二氧化碳，导致环境问题，这是一种市场失灵的表现。 ?政府通过征收碳税，增加碳排放企业的生产成本，激励企业生产向低碳方向发展，弥补市场调节的不足。 40.(1)背景:瘟疫引起人口大量死亡;医生没有充分发挥作用。 著作及成就:张仲景撰写《伤寒杂病论》;对中医学有重大发展，成为中医治疗学的理论经典(或奠定了中医治疗学的理论基础)。 (2)不易遭受自然灾害和人为灾害(地势较高，地质条件较好;远离火源、易燃易爆物等);交通运输便利(宜临近铁路、高速公路、机场等);市政条件较好(通讯/通信、供水、供电等)。 (3)中华民族精神。中华民族精神是团结中华各族人民的精神纽带，是中华民族战胜灾难和困难的精神支撑和精神动力;能够转化为激励中国人民战胜灾难和困难的强大力量;在战胜灾难和困难的每一次过程中，中华民族精神都得到了丰富和发展，成为任何困难都难不倒中国人民的不竭力量源泉。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷) 文科综合能力测试 1,5:BCCDA 6,10:CCBBC 11,15:BCACD 16,20:DBBAD 21,25:CDCCD 26,30:CBDAA 31,35:BDACB 36((28分) (1)(10分) 气候特征:终年高温多雨。 主要原因;国土面积小，地势低平，四周环海，陆地上储存淡水(地表水，地下水)的条件差(河 流短小) 人口密谋大，经济发达，生活、生产对淡水需求量大。 (2)(12分) 水坝修建以前，水偏咸。 原因;河流水流平缓，海潮(顶托作用)使河水和海水相混。 水坝修建后，水逐渐变淡(改善)。 原因:拦蓄淡水，阻止海水倒灌; 通过闸门调控蓄水和排水，逐渐使偏咸的水换成淡水。 (3)(6分) ?从邻国(马来内亚)购买淡水。邻国(马来西亚)而积较大，高温多雨，有较多淡水。两国之间的海峡狭窄，输送淡水成本低。 ?海水淡化。该国经济比较发达，四周环海，可选适当地点，建海水淡化厂，生产淡advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 水。 ?废水(污水)回收利用。该国经济发达，人口密度大，生活、生产废水(污水)产生量大。 37((18分) (1)(8分) 分布不均衡。 集中分布在东部沿海城市， 以环渤海地区(或京津冀地区)、长江三角洲地区最为集中。 西北部的省区总部数量较少。 (2)(10分) 举例。 优势条件。 (说明:所述优势条件应与所举城市或区域相符，具体包括地理位置特点、经济水平、工业基础、基础设施、信息交流、科技水平、交通运输等方面。) 38((26分) (1)全国人大代表行使提案权，使科技进步法的修订更好地反映人民的意愿，适应社会发展要求。 全国人大是最高国家权力机关，全国人大及其常委会行使立法权，制定并完善科技进步法，为我国科技进步提供了法律保障。 全国人大常委会开展科技进步法的执法检查，行使监督权，保证了科技进步认的贯彻实施。 (2)有利于开发新产品，提高产品科技含量，打造自主品牌; 有利于提高产品质量，提高企业市场竞争力，扩大产品销量; 有利于提高劳动生产率，降低生产成本，增加企业利润。 加大研究开发经费投入;吸引优秀的技术人才;鼓励员工参与企业创新活动;通过奖金、股权等方式激励科技人员;与大学、科研机构进行科技合作;积极申请专利，保护知识产权。 39((26分) (1)妈祖文化影响广大华人、华侨的实践活动和认识活动。 丰富其精神生活，满足其精神需要。 促进了文化交流，有利于增强民族认同感和凝聚力。 (2)社会存在决定社会意识，社会意识随着社会存在的变化而变化发展，但具有相对独立性。 妈祖文化随着社会变化而发展，同时又在世代相传中保留着基本特征，具有相对稳定性。 社会意识对社会发展具有重要影响。妈祖文化在社会生活中发挥着积极作用。 (3)挖掘妈祖文化蕴涵的传统美德，促进思想道德建设;发挥妈祖文化的凝聚作用，促进两岸文化交流;扩大妈祖文化的影响，扩大中华文化在全球的影响;赋予妈祖文化新的时代内容，更好地发挥其精神纽带作用。 40((25分) (1)变化;秦至汉武帝时，以功勋、能力为选拔官吏的主要依据;汉武帝以后，选拔官吏越来越注重官吏的个人品行;曹操强调“唯才是举”;西魏北周时强调德行优先，同时注重能力考察;唐代形成一套完善的德才兼顾、以德化先的考核制度。 原因;儒家思想对制度建设的影响日益深入;具体历史背景影响人才选拔的标准;建设高素质的官吏队伍。 (2)德和才都是国民应具备的基本素质;强调学校在德才培养中的重要性;德可以通过课程教育、日常考察等方法养成;在官员选拔中更重视专业知识与技能。 继承古代德才兼备的人才观;适应时代需要;有利于新式人才的培养。 41((12分) 本题没有给参考答案。 42((10分)旅游地理 距主要客源地(抗州、宁波、温州等城市)路能适中，有高速公路连接; 客源地居民收入高，私家车辆拥有多，出游率高; 旅游资源类型多样，地域组合好，分布集中。 43((10分)自然灾害与防治 黄土垂直节理发育，孔隙度大;人工开挖边坡，破坏了坡面地形的稳定性。 暴雨容易诱发坡地黄土崩塌; 雨水下渗，在基岩与黄土之间容易形成滑动面，造成黄土滑坡。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 19 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 44((10分)环境保护 变化特点:1976一1986年，湿地斑块数量显著增加，湿地破碎，湿地面积大幅度减少。 1986一2005年，湿地斑块数量和面积明显减少，湿地萎缩。 不利影啊:涵养水源能力减弱;小气候变差;植被覆盖率下降;土壤侵蚀加剧;生态平衡破坏;生物栖息地减少;生物种类(数量)减少等。 45((15分) (1)旗、盟是清政府针对蒙古地区制定的一种管理体制;部落、部落联盟是草原游牧民族自身的社会、政治组织。 (2)在尊重蒙古族社会传统的基础上，改造了草原的社会政治面貌;削弱了蒙古贵族的权力，加强了清政府对草原的管理;有利于当地社会稳定和经济发展;加强了清朝统治的基础;使统一多民族国家更为巩固。 46((15分) (1)同:反对专制;主权在民;权力制衡。(3分) 异:英美为三权分立，孙中山主张“五权分立”(五权宪法);孙中山强调直接民权，分阶段实现宪政。(4分) (2)孙中山训政思想的实质是主权在民，反映了当时的中国社会政治状况，其目标是实现直接民权;国民党长期施行“训政”，其实质是独裁统治，违背了孙中山的训政思想。(8分) 47((15分) (1)界线?:德国准备发动侵略战争;苏联自保;苏德签订秘密协定，分割波兰; 界线?:苏德分别侵入波兰，波兰亡国;苏德分占波兰。(7分) (2)反法西斯战争胜利，德国战败;战胜国大国决定欧洲边界变更;使波兰边界得以稳定;带有大国强权政治的色彩。(8分) 48((15分) (1)辛亥革命前，为技翻清于朝需要借用传统文化资源，全面肯定传统文化，对辛亥革命起了积极作用，但忽略了传统文化中的消极因素;后来全面否定传统文化，有利于推动新文化运动，但矫枉过正。 (2)辛亥革命胜利，但很不彻底;民族危机日益深重;新文化运动兴起。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷) 文科综合 一、选择题 1-5:BDDBC 6-10:CDACA 11-15:BCDAB 16-20:ACABB 21-25:DCADA 26-30:CADCB 31-35:ACDCB 二、综合题 36 (1) . 劳动力转向卖方市场，工资水平上升;(3分)企业用工成本加大，劳动力低成本的 比较优势逐渐丧失。(3分) (2) 转变经营战略，通过自主创新、提高员工素质提升企业竞争力;(4分)加快产业结构 升级，从劳动密集型生产方式向技术密集型生产方式转变;(2分)政府出台优惠措施， 鼓励企业加大研发投入;(2分)实现从粗放型增长向集约型增长的发展方式转变。 (3) 有利形势:和平与发展是当今时代的主题;(2分)世界多极化不可逆转，经济全球化 深入发展;(2分)国际形势总体稳定，有利于我国的和平发展。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 不利形势:霸权主义和强权政治是解决世界和平与发展问题的主要障碍; (2分)国 家间贫富差距加大，国际经济旧秩序不公正和不合理，竞争日益加剧，保护主义抬头(3 分) 37. (1) 不恰当的开发、利用会损害传统文化内在的功能和价值;(2分)有违“取其精华，去 其糟粕”的正确态度，不利于传统文化的保护、继承和发展;(2分)扭曲传统文化的 内涵，不利于文化创新;(2分)不利于传统文化内蕴的中华文化精神和感召力的发扬; (1分)有违社会主义核心价值观，不利于发展先进文化。(2分) (2) 真理都有适用的条件和范围，都是相对于特定过程的，是主观与客观、理论与实践的具 体的历史的统一，(2分)文化产业化只适用于经营性文化单位的转企改制，加快转企 改制与稳步推进文化事业单位改革不可割裂;(2分)真理和谬误往往相伴而行，要反 对歪曲理解，坚持文化体制改革的正确方向。 (3) 坚持两点论就要看到主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面，(2分)文化体制改革中，既要看到 加快经营性文化单位转企改制，也要看到稳步推进文化事业单位改革;(2分)坚持重 点论就是要着重把握主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，(2分)改革中，要着重把握回忆人 经宫性文化单位转企改制，抓住振兴文化产业这个主流;(2分)反对形而上学的一点 论和均衡论，在坚持两点论的同时，把握关键、抓住主流。 38((25分) (1)统治者的活动。(2分)西方民主平等思想、进化论思想、救亡图存思想。(6分) (2)摆脱神学束缚，(2分)关注现实，(2分)反映了人文主义思潮。(2分) (3)以下两种答案任选其一: ?1640年的英国资产阶级革命开启了资本主义的新时代。(4分)1917年的俄国十月 革命建立了世界上第一个无产阶级领导的社会主义国家。(4分) ?1500年前后，新航路开辟，世界从分散孤立走向统一整体。(4分)1900年前后， 第二次工业革命推动资本主义世界体系最终形成。(4分) (4)本问总分3分。考生言之有理，皆可得分。 39((27分) (1)资本主义世界经济危机，自由放任经济破产;(2分)苏联计划经济体制取得巨大成就; (2分)中国内忧外患。(2分) (2)原因:美国为首的资本主义国家孤立和包围新中国，(2分)“一边倒”，学习苏联;(2 分)底子薄。(2分) 影响:初期产生积极影响，初步形成了独立的工业体系;(2分)后期束缚生产力的发 展。(2分) (3)西方:适当减少国家对经济的干预。(2分) 中国:农村首先进行改革，实行家庭联产承包责任制;(2分)城市经济体制改革中心 环节是增强企业活力;(2分)党的十四大提出建立社会主义市场经济体制的目 标。(2分) (4)本问总分3分。考生言之有理，皆可得分。 40( (1)巴黎 新德里 (2)副热带高气压带 亚热带常绿硬叶林 (3)意大利 西班牙 较小 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 21 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (4)经济发达，消费市场广阔 发达的海洋运输，有利于原料的输入和产品的输出 工业基础好，技术先进，劳动力丰富 (5)控制巴黎的城市规模，积极发展中小城市 拓展交通运输网，加强区域联系 积极发展周边地区的基础设施，实行优惠政策吸引人才流入 延长产业链，合理布局产业 41. (1)自西南向东北 内流河 没有流入海洋 (2)久 湖沼 湿 现代为沙，古代为湖沼 (3)温度大陆性气候 荒漠化 (4)调整产业结构，发展节水农业和生态农业 发展喷灌，滴灌等以节约用水 对流域内的生态环境进行恢复治理 退耕还林还草等 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷) 文科综合 地理部分 I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分。 ACAADDCBBCB II卷共2题，共56分。 12((1)甲省河流多为上游河段，水量较小(流速较快);甲省很多河流互不连通，未形成 河运网络(甲省河流水量季节变化大)。 (2)近年来，乙省人口自然增长率一直比甲省高;甲省的人口流动以迁出为主，乙省的 人口流动以迁入为主。 (3)矛盾:城镇用池(非农业用地)与农业用地之间的矛盾。 依据:人口数量多，增长快(山区面积大，平原面积小，耕地有限;城市化水平高，非 农业用地规模大) (4)沿河谷(河流、谷地、交通线)分布。 (5)服务设施沿交通线分布(服务设施距景点较近)，为游客游览提供方便;服务设施 齐全，能满足游客在浏览中的多种需要。 13((1)偏西(西南:西);提供了充足的水汽，形成了丰富的降水;气流源自海洋，使当 地增温 (2)地势低洼，易积水成涝;在飓风影响的季节，多暴雨和风暴潮(M河支流多，汛 期上游来水量大) (3)两地纬度位置都较低(两地都地处亚热带地区)，太阳辐射较强;两地都位于河流 三角洲，排灌方便，土质好(两地都位于河流冲积平原，土质好;两地河内网密度都较 大，排灌方便) (4)S市的产业结构调整，使某些制造业向周边转移，促进了周边地区工业的发展;周边地区的工业发展，促进了当地农业人口向非农业人口的转化;周边地区的工业发展，促进了农业用地向非农业用的转化。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 历史部分 I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分 BACDACBDCBD II卷共3题，共56分 12((19分) (1)雅典城邦由成年男性公民当家作主，妇女、外邦人、奴隶不享受政治权利。 (2)1832年选民人数增加:1885年基本实现成年男子普选权;二战前夕已实现全民普 选。英国实现全民普选权是一个长期的过程;广大民众为此进行了艰难的斗争。 (3)农村地区在全国人大代表中所占比例增加。 在新的历史时期，我国民主政治不断向前发展;改革开放以来，农村经济社会发生巨大 变化。 (4)经济发展，社会进步，国民素质提高，民主意识增强等。 13((21分) (1)葡萄牙向“教皇子午线”以东;西班牙向“教皇子午线”以西。 在地理上将世界连成一片，促使世界由分散向整体发展。 (2)原料出口比重增加:手工制品出口比重减少;机器产品出口比重增加。 中国进一步成为资本主义世界的原料产地;中国手工业受到外国资本主义经济入侵的进 一步冲击:中国近代工业在外来技术的影响和海外市场的刺激下进一步发展。 (3)经济全球化也有一定的危险性。 抓住机遇，积极参与;保持清醒头脑，迎接挑战;根据本国国情制定合理对策;在融合 与交流中坚持自主发展。 14((16分) (1)小篆 皇帝。 (2)统一度量衡。 促进了经济文化的交流和发展。 (3)平定三藩之乱。 形成谨慎的执政风格。 维护了国家统一。 (4)专权;勤政。 政治部分 I卷共11题，每题4分，共44分 ACDACDBCABD II卷共3题，共56分。 12((31分) (1)?产业结构不合理，经济发展方式亟待转变; ?科研投入不足，影响自主创新能力的提高; ?环境压力较大，影响可持续发展; ?经济总量的大幅度提高，制约增长速度。 (2)?任何生产商品的劳动都是具体劳动和抽象劳动的统一; ?具体劳动创造使用价值，抽象劳动形成价值; ?失业人口无法通过直接参与社会劳动，创造使用价值和价值。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 23 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (3)?系统优化的方法要求我们用综合的思维方式来认识事物; ?要着眼于事物的整体性，立足整体，统筹考虑产业结构，环境等诸多要素; ?要注意遵循系统内部结构的有序性，精心组织、合理安排，形成良好的经济运行秩序; ?要注重系统内部结构的优化趋向，不断优化组合影响经济发展的各要素，以实现系统的更大功能。 13((7分) ?发展公益性文化事业是保障人民基本文化权益的主要途径(建设社会主义精神文明必 须大力发展文化事业;文化对人的影响，来自于特定的文化环境，来自于各种形式的文 化活动;文化对人有潜移默化的影响。) ?文化遗产是一个国家和民族历史文化成就的重要标志(文化遗产对于研究人类文明的 演进、展现世界文化多样性具有独特作用); ?文化是综合国力竞争的重要因素(有利于增强国家文化软实力) 14((18分) (1)?有利于实现民主监督，维护公民的合法权益; ?有利于推进民主决策，提高决策的科学性、民主性; ?有利于加强民主管理，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，调动公民参与管理公共事务的积极性; ?有利于扩大基层民主，推进社会主义政治建设。 (2)普及科学文化知识:加强社会公德教育;搞好普法宣传:开展“无烟型”社区创建 活动;依靠群众，加强监督;加大执法和监督力度;转变消费观念，倡导理性、绿色消 费。(答出以上任意三点即可满分;其他答案言之有理，可酌情给分) 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(海南卷) 文科综合 地理部分 评分说明: 1(非选择题部分，若考生答案与本答案不完全相同，但言之有理，可酌情给分，但 不得超过该题所分配的分数。 (考生答案中，中国地名出现错别字一般不给分;外国地名应以地图出版社出版的 2 世界地图集为依据评分，若出现同音字可酌情给分。 一、选择题 1(D 2(A 3。B 4(D 5(A 6(B 7(C 8(C 9(B 10(C 11(A 12(D 13。B 14(D 15(D 16(A 17(C 18(B 19(B 20(A 二、必考题 21(答案要点: 界线:陆地西南海岸线附近(沿2 000,3 000米左右等深线)的海沟。(5分) 原因:大洋(西南侧的)板块俯冲到大陆(东北侧的，或美洲)板块之下(或答两侧的板块advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 互相挤压)，导致这里多火山。(5分) 22。答案要点: 斯里兰卡位于热带(赤道)地区，纬度差异小，(平原地区)水热条件的空间差异较小(全年高温多雨)。根据放射状水系和山峰(海拔2 524米)推知，中部地区为山地(四周海拔较低，为平原)。(6分)各种作物相比较，茶树更适合在山地种植，其他作物(橡胶、椰子、水稻)适合在平原地区(海拔较低地区)种植。(4分) (答案要点: 23 临海、地形平坦(为平原)、交通发达、经济发展水平高、人口稠密、大城市辐射带动作用强、政策支持等。(每项2分，答出5项即可得lO分。) 三、选考题 24(答案要点: 历史名山，是五岳中的南岳;(2分)文化底蕴深厚(多古迹，寺庙);(2分)位于亚热带，降水丰富(多流泉飞瀑，多云雾)，植被繁茂(观赏植物种类多);(4分) 山地景观多样，风光壮丽。(2分) 25(答案要点: (本次地震震级大，震源较浅，)甲地距离震中较近，海啸到达的时间短;(3分) 位于外宽内窄的海湾的“项部”，海啸向陆地方向推进时，受海湾形状影响，越向内侧浪越高(海啸波高越高)，流速越快，冲击力越大(使海啸的巨大能量集中于更小的范围内释放)，对甲地的破坏格外严重。(7分) 26(答案要点: 业迅速发展，生活污水量猛增且(未经处理、不达标)排入 原因:游客剧增，旅游(服务) 河中。(4分) 建议:合理控制进入古城的游客量，将游客接待转向新城区，逐渐实现古城“外住内游”;(2分)严格执行污水达标排放，控制生活污水直接向河中排放，兴建污水排放管网;(2分)兴建污水处理设施，提高生活污水集中处理率。(2分)(其他合理建议酌情评分，每项建议不超过2分，总分不超过6分。) 历史部分 第I卷 本卷共25个小题，每小题2分。 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 答案 C A C B D B B D B D C D C 题号 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 答案 A B B A A D D C A C A A 第?卷 必考题 26((10分)答案要点: (1)水利工程衰败;农业收获量减少;越来越多的人从事工商业等活动，农业劳动力剧减。 (4分) (2)原因:农业技术改进，农业生产水平提高，以人力投入保证农业收入的状况得以改变。 (3分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 25 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 影响:工商业获得发展的基础，从事工商业的人口增加，商业活动趋于繁荣。(3分) 27((12分)答案要点: (1)转变:由瓜分到“保全”。(2分) 实质:进一步侵略和共同控制中国。(2分) 原因:中国人民的反抗;列强在中国的争夺加剧，需要调整利益关系。(3分) (2)清政府进一步成为列强统治中国的工具;列强在华矛盾暂时缓和;殖民地程度加深; 进一步激发了反帝反封建斗争。(5分) 28((12分)答案要点: (1)国家主权属于全体人民;人民主权至高无上，不可分割、转让与代表;人民主权只能 通过直接民主实现;个人服从公共意志。(4分) (2)理论上:否定了君权神授和君主主权理论;启蒙了民主平等思想。“人民主权”概念具 有模糊性和抽象性，有时可能导致对个人自由权利的侵犯;在近现代，直接 民主不具有全面实施的可行性。(5分) 实践上:法国大革命的重要思想来源，但雅各宾派专政过激的一面也与之有密切关系。 (3分) 选考题(六选二)，如果多做，则按所做的第一、二题计分。 29((8分)答案要点: (1)第二次鸦片战争后，外国公使进京;外事纷繁，军机处不能及时办理。(4分) (2)变化:初设时只是临时性机构，专门处理外交事务;后来职权几乎包括所有洋务。 作用:导致政府机构和权力结构的变动;推动洋务运动。(4分) 30((8分)答案要点: (1)看法:认为美国接近直接民权，法国实行的是间接民权，实现民权均不彻底。 借鉴:采用主权在民、权力制衡等原则;提倡直接民权和五权宪法。(4分) (2)民权主义与民族主义、民生主义密不可分;不推翻国内民族压迫和帝国主义，民权问 题就无从谈起;不节制资本、解决贫富悬殊问题，民权问题也不能真正解决。(4分) 32((8分)答案要点: (1)绥靖政策失败;纳粹德国在欧洲发动大规模侵略战争，法国败降;英国坚持抵抗，急 需帮助和支援，“中立法”已不能满足英国的需要;德意日正式结成军事同盟，法西斯 对世界的危害进一步加大;美国的安全和利益受到威胁。(5分) (2)有利于反法西斯国家取得最后胜利;保护了民主国家和西方民主制度;增强了美国的 军事实力，扩大了美国的政治影响。(3分) 32((8分)答案要点: (1)规模扩大，由地方发展到全国，由争取社会权到扩大到争取政治权利。(3分) (2)组织者和领导者;提出明确的目标;采取了非暴力直接行动的斗争方式，比较可行， 能够为各阶层广泛接受;运动取得一定成果。(5分) 33((8分)答案要点: (1)《史记》记载阿房宫并未建成;考古发掘证实了《史记》的记载;人们关于阿房宫的印advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 象，很大程度上受《阿房宫赋》夸张虚构的影响。(4分) (2)历史题材的文学作品对传播历史知识有重要作用，但不能简单地作为历史研究的直接 证据;文学作品的创作背景可以反映一定的历史问题。(4分) 34((8分)答案要点: (1)人文景观与自然景观融合;千年积淀;皇家规制;全面承载道教文化。(4分) (2)列举:如青城山、龙虎山、崂山(或海南省的玉蟾宫)等。 探析:高山绝项、远离尘世的环境，契合道教的“洞天福地”、“求道成仙”。(4分) (言之成理即可赋分) 政治部分 评分说明: 非选择题部分，若考生答案与本答案不完全相同，但言之有理，可酌情给分，但不得超过该题所分配的分数。 第1卷 本卷共22小题，每小题2分。 1(A 2(B 3(D 4(A 5，D 6(B 7。D 8(A 9. A 10(B 11(B 12(D 13(B 14(A 15(C 16(C 17(B 18(C ，C 20(C 21(C 22(D 19 第?卷 23((10分)答案要点: 答案一:人的思想只有通过各种形式准确表达，借助传媒加以传播，才能为他人所接受，并产生社会影响。(4分)没有表达能力的人无法准确表达、传播自己的思想，他的思想就难以为他人所理解并产生影响。(4分)从这个意义上说，上述观点具有合理性。(2分) 答案二:人的思想只有通过各种形式准确表达，借助传媒加以传播，才能为他人所接受，并产生社会影响。(4分)但是有思想的人假如没有表达能力、不能准确表达和传播自己的思想，并不能表明他没有思想。(4分)从这个意义上说，上述观点具有片面性。(2分) (考生从上述任一角度做答，或综合以上两种观点，所用原理正确，言之成理，表述清楚，可得满分。) 24((19分)答案要点: (1)坚持科学发展观，遵循经济社会发展规律，提出制定“十二五”规划建议，体现了科学执政;(3分)在指导规划编制过程中，广泛征求意见，体现了民主执政;(3)国务院完成规划纲要草案编制，经人大会议审议通过，党的主张上升为国家意志，体现了依法执政。(3分)(如果只简单列出科学执政、民主执政和依法执政三种方式，得3分。) (2)“十一五”期间我国经济保持快速增长，国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值年均增长率都远高于规划目标。(2分)腿务业增加值比重没有达到预期目标。城镇化率提高较快，实现了规划目标。(2分) 加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展。(2分)推动服务业大发展，促进产业结构优化升级，促进经济增长向依靠三大产业协同带动转变。(2分)统筹城乡发展，积极稳妥推进城镇化，促进区域协调发展。(2分) 25((19分) (1)市场调研;(2分)开发新产品;(2分)开拓市场。(2分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 27 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)矛盾双方既对立又统一，从而推动事物运动、变化和发展。(2分)失败与成功作为相互排斥、相互对立的矛盾双方，在一定条件下相互转化。(2分)“芭比之父”通过给失败产品办博物馆，找到了产品滞销的原因，提出了解决问题的办法，从而使企业起死回生。(2分) (3)辩证的否定是既肯定又否定，既克服又保留。辩证的否定观要求必须树立创新意识。 (3分)“芭比之父”敢于提出与众不同的建议，说明要具有批判性思维。(2分)“芭比之父” ) 注重收集产品意见和市场需求信息，说明要注重研究新情况，寻找新思路。(2分选做题(三选一) 26((8分)答案要点: 建匡初期，为平衡工业发展布局，内地工业应与沿海工业共同发展;(3分)当前，我国区域发展仍不平衡。为推动区域协调发展，要积极支持东部地区率先发展，深入推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起。(5分)(其他合理答案可酌情给分。) 27((8分)答案要点: 欧洲议会批准“蓝卡”计划，反映了欧盟的整体利益，体现了欧盟的超国家性质;(3分)批准“蓝卡”计划的权力，是由成员国让渡部分主权丽来的，欧盟不拥有完整的国家主权，只是一个区域性国际组织;(3分)成员国根据本国情况决定“蓝卡”发放数量及工作领域，表明各主权国家仍然独立自主地处理国内事务。(2分) 28. (8分)答案要点: 该模式为不同专业学生相互合作、共同探索提供了平台，适应了现代科学研究的要 求，有利于增强学生的团队意识，培养协作精神。(4分)鼓励学生大胆怀疑、勇于探索、敢于创新，有利于培养学生求真务实、开拓创新精神。(4分) 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(福建卷) 文科综合 1-5:CBCBD 6-10:ABADC 11-15:DAACD 16-20:DADBB 21-25:ABCBD 26-30:CADDA 31-36:BCCABA 【必考部分】(116分) 37.(37分) 大峡谷深居内陆，谷底受下沉气流控制，降水稀少，形成荒漠景观;北壁为湿润气流的迎风坡，降水多，林木苍翠;南壁为背风坡，降水少，植物稀少。 (2)R河中上游为重要的水源保护区，且流域生态环境脆弱，限制工业发展;大部分地处内陆山区(水陆交通较不便;城镇数量少，人口较少;技术水平低于甲国西部沿海地区。 (3)甲国西部地区的经济发展、人口增长对水的需求量不断增多，R河梯级开发和引水工程截留了大量中上游来水(使下游的径流量减少，河口出现断流现象。 (4)径流量减少，地下水位下降;海水倒灌(土壤盐碱化加剧，水质变差;来水来沙的减少。使沿岸土地肥力下降(河口附近海域渔业资源减少;海水入侵，海岸线侵蚀加剧;湿advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 地减少、影响动植物的生长与栖息;蒸发旺盛(气候更加干旱，大陆性增强;荒漠化加剧，下游生态环境趋向恶化。 38((37分) (1)王夫之:从国家考虑，郡县制不如封建制害处多。 顾炎武:鄂县橱缺陷在于实行专制主义中央集权制度。 作用:郡县制有利于中央对地方的垂直管理，有利于国家统一及稳定，其制为历朝所沿用。 (2)看法:丑化中国，认为中国愚昧落后，可任其宰割。 成因:英国工业革命后，加剧对外侵略扩张;晚清政府腐朽没落。 外部原因:列强的侵略扩张导致民族危机空前严重。 (3)不足:对列强抱有幻想，不敢公开反帝，表现出妥协性。 原因:中国民族资产阶级力量软弱和政治上不成熟。 (4)表现:同苏联、东欧等国家建交;签订《中苏友好同盟互助条约》。 国内外环境:新中国百废待兴，迫切需要一个稳定的国际环境;苏联支持新中国，美国敌视新中国。 意义:同旧中国的屈辱外交彻底决裂，捍卫了新中国在国际上的独立自主地位(确定了新中国对外关系的基本格局。 39((42分) (1)?中华文化的包容性即求同存异和兼收并蓄。 ?要求我们能与其他民族文化和睦相处，求同存异，建设和谐海洋，推动建设持久和平、 共同繁荣的和谐世界。 ?要求我们在文化交流中兼收并蓄，吸收，借鉴其他民族文化的积极成分，批判地吸收西方海洋文化中的积极因素，反对海洋霸权主义。 (2) ? 中国是负责人的大国，对国际事务发挥着重要的建设性作用，中国在维护自身利益的同 时，维护各国人民的共同利益 ? 国家性质和国家利益决定了中国坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路， 中国的发展对旧的国际秩序产生了冲击。有利于推动建设公正合理的国际新秩序。 ? 中国的发展符合和平发展的时代主题，不会对世界构成威胁。 (3) ? 福建是海洋大省，发展海洋经济的条件好，海洋生产总值总体呈上升趋势，发展势头良 好，海洋经济的发展对海峡西岸经济区建设具有重要的意义，福建海洋生产总值占全国 的比重在2005年和2006年急剧下滑，2007年明显回升，平稳发展，但比重依然偏低， 海洋经济第二产业比重增加明显，但第二，三产业的比重仍可进一步提升 ? 加快海洋科技创新，提高科技对海洋经济发展的贡献率，转变经济发展方式，推动海洋 产业结构优化升级，大力发展海洋二，三产业，海洋资源开发与生态保护相结合，实现 可持续发展，统筹陆海发展，深化区域合作。 (4) ?用联系的观点看问题，坚持整体与部分的统一。既考虑福建海洋经济自身的发展(又立足福建经济建设的全局。 ?用发展的观点看问题(坚持事物发展是前进性和曲折性的统一。看到福建海洋经济发展具有强大的生命力和远大的前途，也看到它在发展中面临的困难和曲折。 ?用矛盾的观点看问题，坚持具体问题具体分析。具体分析福建省情，制定建设海洋强 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 29 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 省的发展规划。 【选考部分】(40分) 40((15分) A(【选修2——海洋地理】 (1)由东南向西北递增。(或由南向北、由近岸向外海递增) 秘鲁)寒流的影响，比同纬由南向北，纬度越来越低，获得太阳辐射越来越多;近岸受( 度其他海域表层海水温度更低。 (2)若表层海水温度升高，沿岸气温升高、降水增多;若表层海水温度降低，沿岸气温 降低，降水减少。 B([选修5—自然灾害与防治] (1)春季。春季冷暖气流常在该省交汇，易使暖气流强烈抬升;春季气温回升快，空气 对流加强。 (2)危害:毁坏农作物，击伤人畜，甚至破坏建筑物。 措施:加强监测与预报(做好人工防雹等。 C([选修6—-环境保护] (1)沉降面积不断扩大，深度不断加深。 ( 该地区城市规模不断扩大，生产、生活需水量加大，过度开采地下水。 (2)合理开采地下水等管理措施;植树种草等生物措施;人工回灌等工程措施。 41((15分)历史 A( 选修1 (1) 天皇作为国家元首总揽统治权;在议会协赞下行驶立法权;统率陆海军。 天皇权力至高无上;英国王权受限制。 (2) 日本虽确立了近代君主立宪制，但保留了浓厚的专制主义色彩，走上军国 主义道路;随着资本主义发展，为了获取海外市场和殖民地对外侵略扩张， 给亚洲人民带来灾难。 B( 选修2 (1) 主要思想:民智未开，宜保君权，自上而下变法，强调开国会时机不成熟。 北京:19世纪末民族危机加深，康有为受西方近代政治学说影响，产生变 法救国的思想。 (2) 同:倡导西方资产阶级民权思想 异:康有为主张渐进改革;谭嗣同提出废君权、倡民权的激进主张。 C( 选修4 (1) 依法行政;倡导人民主权和自由平等。 拿破仑后期的对外战争具有侵略性质，激发了被侵略国家人民的民族意 识。 (2)《拿破仑发点》继承发扬了罗马法;巩固了大革命的成果，废除了封建特权， 为发展资本主义奠定法律基础;成为近代以来许多国家制定民法的蓝本。 42((10分)思想政治 A([选修3——国家和国际组织常识] (1)C advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)?我国的政体是人民代表大会制度，实行民主集中制。全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关，统一行使最高国家权力，其他中央国家机关对它负责，受它监督。 ?英国的政体是君主立宪制(奉行分权、制衡的原则。国王形式上有权任命首相。内阁是国采最高行政机关，从议会产生，由占议会多效席位的政党组成，并对议会负责。 B([选修4——科学思维常识] (1)A (2)?发散思维是一种展开性的恩维方式(有助于发现新问题，并对所要解决的问题提供众多新设想(有利于达到思维创新的目的。 ?发散思维以某问题为出发点“发散”出去，发散出去的思维还要再聚合起来;只有将发散思维与聚合思维结合起来，才能更好地达到思维创新的目的。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷) 文科综合 第?卷(选择题 共128分) 第?卷共32小题，每小题4分，共128分。 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 C A D B C B D B A D 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 答案 C B A C A B A C B D D 题号 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 答案 C C B A D A C D C B D 第II卷共6大题，共172分。 33((30分) (1)商业区 制造业就业比重比周边低;位于市中心;交通便捷，土地租金高。 (2)上海地处长江三角洲，地理位置优越，交通便利;全国最大的经济中心城市和国际金 融中心，营销市场广阔，资金雄厚，工业基础和协作条件好;高校和科研机构众多， 科技发达，劳动力素质较高;政策支持，创新环境较好。 (3)安徽承接产业转移，发展机会增多;与上海相比，安徽的生产生活成本较低，劳动力 资源丰富，能源、原料充足;安徽政策优惠，交通等基础设施条件改善;返乡人员掌 握了技术、市场信息，积累了资金，具有乡土情感。(亦可从上海产业结构升级等角度 分析) 34((30分) (1)低 与成都相比，银川纬度较高，湿度较小，云量较少，大气逆辐射弱，接近冷气团 的源地;成都北侧的山脉削弱了冷空气的势力，且热岛效应较强。 (2)偏北风 冷锋 成都北为高压，南为低压;冷气团主动向南移动，与暖气团相遇形成 锋面;过境时形成暴雨。(判断为低压，言之有理，酌情给分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 31 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (3)滑坡、泥石流 扎营时，避开谷底排洪通道，河道弯曲和汇合处，以及悬崖、陡坡附 近;在野外遇到泥石流时，要向垂直于泥石流前进方向的高处跑，切忌顺着滚石方向 往山下跑，注意保护头部。 35((30分) (1)自给自足的自然经济;铁犁牛耕;精耕细作;受制于自然环境，具有脆弱性。 (2)由农机具在进口机具中所占比重低看出:农业生产已经使用机器，传统农具仍是主要 劳动工具。民国政府的倡导，近代化在农业领域的拓展。自然经济仍占主导地位，人 多地少;综合国力弱，农民购买力低下。 (3)政府重视“三农”问题，予以政策扶持;综合国力增强，农民购买力提升。劳动者素 质逐渐提高;古代、近代劳动者缺乏受教育的机会;当代形成了较完善的国民教育体 系。劳动工具和生产技术不断改进;古代主要使用人畜力;近代开始引进和使用农业 机器;当代普遍使且农机具，广泛运用农业科技。 36((26分) (1)科举制取代九品中正制。打破了世家大族的特权垄断;扩大了封建政权的统治基础; 提高了官员的文化素质。 (2)开始以财产取代血缘关系作为权利分配的标准。扩大了民主权利的范围;为雅典民主 政治奠定了基础;有利于工商业发展。 (3)前者是封建政权人才选拨制度的进步;后者扩大了奴隶主任用官员的范围。前者打击 了世家大族势力;后者消弱了贵族世袭特权。前者依据才学选拨官员;后者根据财产 授予权利。前者未改变封建专制政体;后者促使旧氏族贵族专制走向奴隶制民主政治。 中国人形成了“万般皆下品，唯有读书高”的观念;西方人逐步形成追求财富的观念。 中国人崇尚“学而优则仕”，文化知识主要用于维护皇权统治;西方人主张“人是万物 的尺度”重视个性的发展。 37((26分) (1)文化作为一种精神力量，对社会发展产生深刻影响。文化反作用于经济。中华文化的 发展和传播为我国经济发展带来机遇，也给世界带来商机。文化越来越成为综合国力 单键的重要因素。中华文化的发展和传播提高了我国文化软实力，提升了中国国家形 象。优秀文化能丰富人的精神世界，增强人的精神力量。更多的人通过中华文化了解 了中国，中国国家形象的提升增强了唯心的自尊心和自信心。 (2)面向市场，生产高质量商品，提供优质服务。提高自主创新能力和科学管理水平，形 成竞争优势。诚信经营，树立良好的信誉和企业形象，提高品牌效应。实施“走出去” 战略，积极参与国际竞争，扩大品牌国际影响力。 整体与部分既相互区别，又相互联系。整体由部分构成，部分的功能及其变化会影响 整体的功能。要搞好局部，用局部的发展推动整体的发展。企业知名品牌是国家经济 实力和文化竞争力的重要组成部分，打造企业知名品牌是提升国家形象的重要方式。 38((30分) (1)贯彻落实科学发展观，促进经济又好又快发展。财政具有促进社会公平、改善人民生 活的作用。解决现阶段的主要矛盾，不断满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要。扩大消 费特别是居民消费，转变经济发展方式，促进经济可持续发展。(考生若从统筹城乡发 展、收入是消费的前提和基础、消费反作用于生产方面作答，可酌情给分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)基层民主自治是人民当家作主最有效的途径，是发展社会主义民主政治的基础性工程。推进基层民主自治，发展基层民主，有利于保障人民享有更多更切实的民主权利;推动社会主义民主政治的发展;让人民群众在实践中体验民主管理的意义，增强和提高政治参与的责任意识和实际本领。 (3)重视保障民主和推进基层民主启示我们要坚持群众观点和群众路线，把维护好最广大人民的根本利益作为我们一切工作的根本出发点;自觉站在最广大人民的立场上做出正确的价值判断和价值选择。推进基层民主启示我们要通过改革使上层建筑适应经济基础的发展。同学们关注安徽发展启示我们要在劳动和奉献中创造价值，在个人与社会的统一中实现人生价值。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) 文科综合 第一部分 35小题，每小题4分，共140分。 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.B 21.D 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.B 31.C 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.D 第二部分共5小题，供160分 36. (1) 远离海洋，深居内陆，四周有高山阻挡; (2) 冰川、积雪融水补给，地下水补给;主要夏季，其次在春季、秋季; (3) 方式:管道运输 特点:运输成本低，运量大，连续性强，安全性能高，占地较小。 (4) 绿洲分布在山麓地带和河流沿岸，本区域环境承载力滴，主要制约因素为水资源。 (5) 有合适的水源条件，依托绿洲发展;服务范围依次减小。 37. (1) 统治阶层在西周由世袭贵族组成，到西汉建立时皇帝和大臣大多出身布衣。 变化:从分封制到郡县制;中央集权制度逐步建立。 (2) 基本原则:权利制衡，三权分立;天赋人权，主权在民，自由平等。 作用:否定军权神授和批判君主专制;奠定了资产阶级民主制度的基础。 (3)经济政策:殖产兴业。具体措施:引进西方技术，建立国营模范企业，扶持私人 企业发展。推动交通、通讯、电力等基础设施的建设，为工业化奠定基础。 重视的原因:甲午战争后民族危机加深，忧患意识增长;仿效日本，维新变法。 (4)选择主题示例: ?主题:救国道路的思想探索 序号:4,5,6 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 33 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts ?主题:辛亥革命时期的爱国斗争 序号:3,5,11 ?主题:政治领域的爱国主义表现 序号:3,5,9,10,11,12 补充的新资料:(略) 简要阐释:(略) 38.(1) ? 自然资源是产业发展的基础:劳动者是身材过程的主题，劳动者素质的提高能促进 身材能力的提高，促进产业发展;技术进步是企业提高恩赐效率，获得竞争优势的 重要手段，是推动产业升级的重要力量。 ? 消费需求的市场需求的重要组成部分。消费对生产有反作用，消费拉动经济增长， 促进经济发展。消费所形成的新的需要，对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用，能带 动一个产业的出现和成长。消费为生产创作出新的劳动力，能提高劳动力的质量， 提高劳动者的生产积极性。 (2) ? 用联系的观点看问题。坚持真题和部分的统一，用系统优化的方法把影响青蒿素产 业发展的四种因素联系起来，统筹考虑。 ? 用发展的观点看问题。青蒿素产业的发展是个过程，尽管遇到一些难题，但是要积 极创造条件，推动该产业的发展。 ? 用对立统一的观点看问题，既要看到该产业在原材料等方面的优势，又要看到在营 销相关产业支撑方面的劣势，改善薄弱环节。 ? 树立创新意识，创新企业发展战略，加大研发力度，更新青蒿素产业的生产设备和 生产技术，提高青蒿素产业的竞争力。 (言之成理，即可酌情给分) (3)?政府:加强调查研究，不断完善决策信息和智力支持系统;建立信息公开制度，增强决策透明度。 ?公民:通过各种渠道参与决策过程是推进决策科学化、民主化的重要环节。通过社情民意反映制度、专家咨询制度、重大事项社会公示制度、社会听证制度参与民主决策(从其他角度回答，言之成理，即可酌情给分) 39.(1)面积由小变大，分布范围由分散到集中连片，从地跨两省到地跨四省。 (2)建立巩固抗日民族统一战线:推动根据地政权建设;领导根据地军民抗战;创立新民主主义里理论。 (3)经济方面:带动相关产业(行业)发展，增加税收和回笼货币，促进区域经济发展。社会文化方面;增加就业机会，提高生活质量，促进文化交流，促进历史遗存保护。 (4) 时期 关于社会主义商品经济的认识 20世纪50年代 发展商品生产为社会主义服务 20世纪80年代 计划经济为主，市场调节为辅。实行有计划的商品经济 20世纪90年代确立建立社会主义市场经济体制的目标，让市场在资源配置中起以来 基础性作用。 40. advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (1) 经济全球化加强了各国之间的联系;科技的发展为共同解决环境问题提供了物质条件; 世界政治的多极化有利于各国协商解决环境问题。 (2) 增加碳储量，净化空气，防风固沙，调节气候，增加降水，涵养水源，保持水土，保护 生物多样性。 (3) ? 文化影响人民的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。加强环境宣传教育，有助于人民清醒 的认识环境与发展的关系，转变思维方式，采取自觉行动 ? 文化能产生潜移默化、深远持久的影响，加强环境宣传教育，有助于营造全社会重视环 保的文化氛围。 ? 文化丰富人的精神世界、增强人的精神力量。加强环境宣传教育，有助于提高人的道德 素质，促进人的全面发展。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷) 文科综合 地理部分 一、选择题(共60分) (一)单项选择题:本大题共18小题，每小题2分，共36分。 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.D (二)双向选择题:本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。 19.AD 20.AD 21.AC 22.BD 23.BC 24.AC 25.BC 26.AD 二、综合题:本大题分必做题(第27题， 第29题)和选做题(第30题)，共60分。 27.(14分) (1)降水:甲地降水多，主要在冬半年;乙地全年降水少。气温:乙地全年高于甲地;乙地年较差大于甲地。 甲地夏季受副热带高、信风控制。 (2)热量资源丰富，光照充足;昼夜温差大;有灌溉水源。 (3)地势较为平坦;气候比较适宜;便于利用海洋资源和发展海上航运。 (4)聚落;矿产资源;地形 28.(11分) (1)工业主要分布在东部;农业主要分布在西部 (2)政策支持;劳动力充足，临近香港;交通便利。 (3)便于企业交流与协作;降低生产成本;获得规模效益。 (4)有利于产业升级，改善环境。 29.(15分) (1) 项目/省区 新疆维吾尔自治区 江苏省 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 35 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 地形 ? 盆地、山地为主 气候类型 ?温带、亚热带季风气候 河流 ?河网密集，水量大 矿产资源 ?能源资源(是有、天然气和煤炭) (2)新疆风能资源主要分布在天山及其以北地区和昆仑山地区。江苏省风能资源主要分布在东部沿海地区。 (3)第一产业所占比重新疆大于江苏;第二、三产业比重江苏大于新疆。 (4)对新疆的影响:获得资金、技术和管理经验;有利于产业升级;促进资源优势转化为经济优势。 对江苏的影响:缓解资源紧张局面;扩大市场。 (5)是通向中亚的重要门户;交通便利;政策支持;自然资源丰富 30.A.[海洋地理] (10分) (1)由沿海向外海递减 (2)营养盐 大陆架 浅 光照 (3)? 海洋初级生产力较高，饵料丰富 (4)威胁海洋生物生产;破坏海域生态环境 B.[城乡规划] (1)东北 西南 东南 河流和铁路 (2)位于河流下游;位于河流下风向;交通便利 (3)位于城市发展的主要扩展方向之一;有利于加强城城市与外部的联系 C.[环境保护](10分) (1)化石燃料燃烧 有色金属冶炼 从环境摄取 摄食 (2)? (3)距高速公路越远，浓度越低 汽车尾气 (4)使用无铅汽油;推广新能源汽车;发展汽车节能技术 历史部分 一、选择题:本大题共20题，每题3分，共60分。 1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 二、非选择题:本大题共4题，满分60分，包括必做题和选做题两部分。其中第21题-第23题为必做题，每个试题考生都必须作答。第24题为选做题，共4小题，考生只能选做其中的两小题。 21.答案要点;(12) (1)政治背景:官僚腐败;政治暴虑(或朝政混乱)。 (2)表象:风俗。 功能:提高士人修养;净化社会风气;安定政治秩序;确立伦理道德。 (3)取舍:取孔孟之道，舍宋明礼学。 理由:孔孟之道为儒学之根本。 (4)学风:经世致用(或崇实质用)。 时代责任感:天下兴亡，匹夫有责。 22.答案要点:(13分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (1)经济因素:洋务企业的兴起;民主资本主义的发展;外国资本主义的冲击。 (2)表现:收入的减少;传统谋生手段的消失;对生产方式的不适应;百无聊赖;对世风日下的感慨。 (3)略。 23.答案要点:(15分) (1)原因:君主立宪制(或资产阶级代议制)提供的政治保证;资本的原始积累;圈地运动提供的自由劳动力;国内外市场的扩大;手工工场时期的生产技术进步。 (2)建立:通过光荣革命(或《权利法案》)而建立。 特征:议会取代王权成为国家权力中心;贵族控制议会;工业资产阶级未能充分参与政权。 (3)新的斗争:1832年议会改革运动 原因:经济发展与政治之间出现了矛盾;工业资产阶级经济地位的提高;工业资产阶级参政愿望的增强。 政治部分 一、选择题: 1-5:DBACA 6-10:ABCDD 11-15:BCABD 16-20:BACCB 21-25:CABDB 26-30:ADCDB 31-33:ADC 二、简析题 34.(1)A:19.015，B:-0.481 (1) 经济全球化实质上是由发达资本主义国家主导的;我国自主创新能力不强;产业结构不 合理，处于全球产业链低端。 (2) 中美贸易不平衡是由不平等的国际分工决定的;中国对美国出口以加工贸易和低附加值 产品为主，人民币升值不可能从根本上改变两国贸易结构。 35. (1) 尊重文化的多样性，包容文化发展的差异性，既要继承传统、推陈出新，又要博采众长， 交融发展。 (2) 矛盾的斗争性和统一性及其相互关系的管理。世界各国的发展既是不平衡的，有自身特 色有自身特色和历史传统，又是相互依赖、相互贯通的;世界各国在差异和包容的对立 统一中向前发展。 36.A(1)通过扩大财政支出来增加投资，扩大有效需求，促进就业，实现经济增长。评价:凯恩斯的理论观点和政策主张在一定范围内、一定程度上对缓和与拜托经济危机具有积极作用;不可能从根本上小楚经济发展中出现的矛盾和问题。 (2)我国也存在生产能力过剩、有效需求不足的问题;我国政府应当根据国情实施积极的财政政策以扩大有效需求，如扩大消费、刺激民间投资等;政府投资要注意提高效率。 B(1)国体决定整体，整体体现国体;一定的整体服务于一定的国体，统治阶级为维护其根本利益，总是力求采用有效的整体。 (2)个资产阶级正当为争夺选票，给选民一定的政治参与去到;采用分权与制衡的规则，可以防止少数人专权;通过两党轮流执政或者多党联合执政，为资产阶级不同利益集团之间相互监督和制衡提供机制保障;资产阶级民主形式掩盖其国家的阶级性质，具有相当强的隐藏性和欺骗性。 三、探究题 37. (1) 文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式，具有潜移默化、深远持久的特点， advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 37 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 传统养老观念制约了养老市场消费需求的扩大。居民消费受收入水平和物价水平的 制约，我国居民收入水平总体偏低，制约了养老消费需求的形成。 (2) 能够充分发挥政府和市场在资源配置中的作用，有利于促进就业、调整产业结构。 能够充分发挥社区自我管理、自我服务的功能，体现政府为人民服务的宗旨，有利 于维护社会稳定，促进社会和谐。 (3) 答题要求:广告语应具有激励功能和正确的价值导向功能，语言简练。 依据的原理切合所设计的广告语。 答案示例:广告语:参加社区敬老活动，点燃心灵美德明灯。 《生活与哲学》依据:价值观对人们的行为具有重要的驱动、制约和导向作用。 《文化生活》依据:通过参加健康有益的实践活动，提升自己的思想道德境界。 2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 文科综合 一、(共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。) 1——5 CDDBD 6——10 ABAAB 11——15 CCDBB 16——20 BACDD 21——25 BCCDA 26——30 CBCAA 31——36 DCBBA 二、(共6小题，共160分。) 36.?流域内降水的季节变化小;五大湖的调节作用明显。?河段较?河段流速快;封冻期短;流量小。 ?分布在湖的东、南岸。五大湖地区冬季多西风和西北风;冷气团经过湖面时，增温增湿;经过湖面后，暖空气上升，水汽凝结，形成降雪，出现雪带。 ?加拿大的中南部是世界上重要的小麦产区，产量大，商品率高，出口量大;小麦多采用廉价的水运及铁路运输，蒙特利尔是重要的水路(河运、海运)、陆路交通枢纽，便于小麦输出。 37. ?内陆地区;高原地形;气候较干旱;植被稀少。耕地和牧草地。沙地:治沙和合理利用草场;旱地:水土保持。 ?向斜构造;沉积岩。 ?以煤炭、电力、泊气等重工业为主，轻纺工业比重较小。重工业比重提高，轻工业比重降低。该市煤炭、泊气资源丰富，工业对矿产资源的依赖性更强。 38. ?西周:分封制、宗法制;秦朝:专制主义中央集权制。西周以血缘关系为纽带形成国家政治结构，最高执政集团尚未实现权力的高度集中;秦朝形成了中央垂直管理地方的制度，君主集权的官僚政治取得贵族政治。 ?地方权势过大;君主专制。提出“寓封建之意于郡县之中”的分权思想，批判君主专制，揭露官僚腐败，具有进步性;但还不具有近代的“民权”意识。 ?鸦片战争后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建国家，进入了民族革命时期。清政府、北洋政府、南京国民政府，从专制到民主，从人治到法治，从主权沦丧到国家独立。 39. ?《苏德互不侵犯条约》的签订，客观上加速二战的爆发;苏联参战，促成世界反法西斯联盟建立;斯大林格勒战役对推动整个反法西斯战局变化具有深远影响;雅尔塔会议对加速战争进程以及战后问题的处理作了重大安排;攻克柏林，促使德国无条件投降;对日宣战，加速日本投降。 ?学术界力图对美苏冷战做出辩证评价。既强调了美苏争锋使世界长期不安宁，国际局advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 势紧张;又看到在近半个世纪中双防势均力敌，避免了世界大战的爆发。既认为美苏军备竞赛付出了高昂的代价，又指出冷战推动了科技的发展。 ?以“人道的、民主的、社会主义”思想取得“科学社会主义”，提出“公开性”、“多元化”，造成思想领域极度混乱;使各种反对势力趁机崛起，社会失控，民族分裂愈演愈烈;实行“多党制”，从根本上动摇了共产党的领导。 40. ?文化在继承中发展。该作品取材于中国民间传说，突出了中国文化和而不同的价值理念，体现了继承对于发展的基础性作用。文化发展的实质就在于文化创新。该作品之所以能够成功，在于对民间传说的改编、采用国际最高水准的动画技术、注入国际动漫作品所特有的神幻色彩等方面的创新。文化在交流中传播。通过国内、国际两个平台，作品在交流中得到了传播。 ?辩证的否定是既肯定有否定，既克服又保留，克服旧事物中消极的内容，保留其积极合理的因素。辩证否定的实质就是“扬弃”。 《田螺遗梦》的创作就是一个辩证的否定过程，它删除了原因传说中带有迷信、颓废、庸俗色彩的内容，保留了其中和而不同的价值理念，并运用现代科技手段，融入国际元素，使之发扬光大，是一次成功的“扬弃”。 41. ?表4显示，东部地区民工工资高于中西部地区，但增幅小于中西部地区。图14表明，东部地区吸纳了全国外出农民工的绝大部分，但2009年的比例下滑。相对于2008年，2009年农民工在东部、长三角、珠三角就业的比例下降，在中西部地区的比例上升，省内就业比例上升，省外就业比例下降。 ?劳动者是生产过程的主体，在生产力发展中起主导作用。企业招不到工人，生产资料与劳动力无法结合，不能创造财富，必然影响企业和地区经济发展。小张的观点有道理。企业提高工资一定程度上可缓解“用工荒”，但企业不转变发展方式，就不可能持续提高工人工资;何况，企业要招到工人，还应为工人提供劳动安全、社会保险等。从根本上讲，解决“用工荒”的出路在于东部企业转变发展方式。小王的观点不全面。在我国，市场在资源配置中起基础性作用。“用工荒”是市场运行过程中自然产生的现象，市场机制对于“用工荒”的解决有重要作用，但市场有局限性，要更好更快第解决“用工荒”，还须政府的宏观调控。小周的观点是片面的。 ?政府要维护劳动者和企业合法权益，协调企业和职工的关系，履行保障人民民主和维护国家长治久安的职能，加强宏观调控，帮助企业转变发展方式，履行组织社会主义经济建设的职能。推动企业加强文化建设，加强对职工的人文关怀，推动农民工技能培训，履行组织社会主文化建设的职能。建立健全社会保障体系，履行提供社会公共服务的职能。政府还要依法行政，科学民主决策，接受监督，提高服务能力和水平。 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) 文科综合试题参考答案 一、选择题 地理题 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 B A D A A C B C D C B advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 39 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 历史题 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 C B A C B A D B D D A C 政治题 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 B C D C A A C D A C B C 二、非选择题 36.(22分) (1)?小李从自身的实际情况出发，实事求是地制定了自己的发展规划。(6分) ?小李一分为二地分析自身情况，既看到有利条件，也看到不利条件，制定自己的发展规划。(6分)。 (2)?小李注入中国文化元素和通过互联网宣传产品的建议，既推广了产品，又传播了中华文化，有利于促进中华文化的传播，推动中华文化走向世界。(3分) ?小李适应出口国民族的传统风俗的建议，体现了他对文化多样性的尊重。(4分) ?小李注入文化元素的改进建议，促使了产品畅销，为企业带来了良好的经济效益，体现了文化与经济相互交融的观点。(3分) 评分标准:若考生答案言之有理，持之有据，可酌情给分。 37.(30分) (1)我国经济发展，以煤为主的能源消费结构不合理，能源利用效率低，资源消耗和碳排放量大;科技贡献率低，企业缺少核心技术。总之，经济增长方式粗放，过于依赖靠物资消耗推动经济增长。(6分) (2)我国转变经济发展方式，要促进经济增长由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。为此，我国要提高自主创新能力，优化能源结构，抑制二氧化碳排放，促进低碳经济发展，走新型工业化道路，加快推进生态文明建设，推动经济、社会发展向资源节约型和环境友好型转变。(9分) (3)?中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，根据国情确定自主减排目标，是坚持这一政策，坚定地维护自己的国家利益的具体体现; 中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国、世界最大的发展中国家，在联合国等多边合作平台上捍卫国家利益，履行国际义务，承担大国责任，维护各国人民的共同利益。(7分) ?联合国在保障全球安全和国际合作中发挥着不可替代的作用。在全球气候保护方面，它促进了主权国家开展交流与合作，在一定程度上调解了各国在节能减排中的纠纷。 但由于国家利益是影响国际关系的决定性因素，联合国无法超越主权国家的利益，其协调国际事务有其局限性。(8分) 评分标准:若考生答案言之有理，持之有据，可酌情给分。 38.(28分) (1)分家者:家庭规模缩小;不分家者:家庭赋税负担加重。(6分，每点3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) (2)政治上，传统的封建家长制不利于中国政治民主化的进程;经济上，以小农经济为基础的传统家庭不利于民族资本主义的发展;思想文化上，传统的封建家庭伦理观念阻碍了西advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 方民主思想的传播，不利于人们的思想解放。(9分，政治、经济、思想各3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) (3)趋势:家庭规模小型化。(3分, 其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 原因:计划生育政策的影响;改革开放以来城市化的影响;经济发展，居住条件改善;西方思想观念的影响等。(6分，每点2分，答出3点即可，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) (4)继承和发扬中华民族尊老、敬老的优良传统;积极发挥政府作用，建立健全社会 保障体系等。(4分，每点2分，继承传统为必答要点，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 39((24分) (1)问题:环境污染导致多种疾病发生和流行，严重危害人们的健康。(3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 原因:近代工业的发展造成严重环境污染;城市化加剧环境污染和疾病流行。(6分，每点3分，答出2点即可，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) (2)说明:英国政府注重通过立法解决环境污染问题。(3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 有利因素:第三次科技革命的发展，尤其是核能和生物技术的发展;“新经济”的产生和发展;国家干预的加强;福利国家制度普遍建立与发展;人们环保意识增强等。(6分，答出一点2分，二点3分，三点4分，四点6分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) (3)从“历史责任”的角度看，西方发达国家率先实现工业化，在此过程中，对全球环境造成严重破坏。(3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 从“国际转移排放”的角度看，在经济全球化中，西方发达国家处于主导地位，把高污染工业转移到发展中国家。(3分，其他表述，言之成理，可酌情给分) 40.(24分) (1)?变暖(南方变暖湿，北方变暖干)(2分) ?土地利用类型变化:林草地转变为耕地;旱地转变为水田;耕地转变为城镇用地(6分) (2)从水稻种植业(季风水田农业)转变为城郊农业(乳肉畜牧业、园艺业等)(4分) (3)?北移西进(向北向西) ?南粮北运。(4分) (4)?加剧北方干旱;加剧地下水位下降;水资源紧张;加剧土壤次生盐碱化;植被减少(每点2分，答对其中三点即可满分，共6分) ?南水北调(跨流域调水、水资源)(2 分) 41.(32分) (1)?辽中南、京津唐(4分) ?海陆空交通发达;科技教育水平高;自然资源丰富;工业基础雄厚;城市众多，市场广大(每点2分，答对其中四点即可满分，共8分) (2)?D (1分) ?化工厂有严重大气和水污染，应分布在与城市盛行风向垂直的效外;河流下游或者入海口;远离居民区(6分) (3)重工业比重大(1分);具有丰富的煤炭、铁矿、石油等自然资源;在丰富的自然资源基础上发展以钢铁、石油、煤炭等为主导的重工业基地。(6分) (4)重工业属于耗资源、能源、水源大的工业，引起资源、能源、水资源紧张，加剧环境污染(大气、水体等污染)(6分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 41 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) 文科综合试题参考答案 一、选择题 地理题 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 B D C B B D D B A A B 历史题 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 D B C D A D B B D C A A 政治题 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C D D B B C A B C A D B 二、非选择题 36. (1)?我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，其实质是人民当家作主，我国政府是人民利益的捍卫者和人民意旨的执行者，重视发展文化产业，符合人民的长远利益和根本利益。?我国政府具有组织社会主义文化建设的职能。我国更加重视发展文化产业是政府在履行组织文化建设职能的必然要求。?我国政府具有组织社会主义经济建设的职能。更加重视文化 产业的发展是为了更好地发展社会主义经济，为经济发展提供公共服务。 (2)?要充分发挥人的主观能动性。立足市情，盘活老城资源，扶持一批特色鲜明的文化创意产业基地和园区，是发挥主观能动性的结果。?正确把握实际。要把握本市的实际情况，立足市情，去扶持文化创意产业基地和园区，推进文化体制改革，鼓励各种资本进入文化产业领域。?做到主观与客观具体的、历史的统一。S市在立足市情的基础上，对老城资源进行盘活，用市场化的方式来推进文化产业的发展，体现了主观与客观具体的历史的统一。 (3)?随着GDP的增加，中华文化的国际影响力会水涨船高，有利于中华文化的传播;同时，还需要我们要加强自身的建设，使文化建设符合中国GDP的增长速度。因此，要坚定不移地继续实施文化"走出去"战略;博采众长，为我所用;善于学习和运用国际经验与惯例来传播中华文化;进一步提高对外文化交流水平;重视传统文化的挖掘，，取其精华，取其糟粕。推陈出新，革故鼎新;大力发展文化产业，成为中华文化传播的重要途径。?近几年我国推广中华文化的实例:北京奥运会吉祥物、上海世博会的会徽和吉祥物的设计等。 37. (1)?武广高铁的建设和开通，解放了京广铁路的运力，改变了人流、物流、资金流的数量和结构，将会产生巨大的投资效应，有效地扩大内需，带动相关产业的发展，刺激沿途经济的发展;有利于增加就业人数，促进人民生活水平的提高。?武广高铁盘活了武广两大区域的资源，既有利于资源节约和环境保护，又能满足人们对高端客运的需求。?武广高铁的建设和开通，具有强大的经济辐射作用，将催生南中国3小时旅游圈和经济圈，促进了旅游业的发展，有利于加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。 (2)?事物是不断运动变化发展的，要用发展的观点看问题;这要求我们立足实践，解放思想，与时俱进，实现理论与实践的创新与发展，我国在高铁技术方面的研究走在了世界的前列。?辩证法的革命批判精神和创新意识是紧密联系在一起的。创新是对既有理论和实践的突破，但这种突破不是简单的否定，而是对旧的传统的“扬弃”，敢于创新，突破陈规学说。我国在高铁技术的研制过程中，对引进技术消化吸收加以再创新，又根据新情况加advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 以集成创新，而不是盲目的否定一切。?辩证法的否定观既是联系的环节，又是发展的环节，必须树立创新意识，做到不唯上，不唯书，只唯实。我国高铁的研制过程，消化吸收引进技术，又根据需要集成创新。 38、(1)如孔子:?是我国古代伟大的教育家，他创办私学，扩大了教育对象和范围，打破了贵族垄断教育的局面，为教育提供了一个公平公正的环境;?他的许多教育理念如因材施教，有教无类等值得我们今天借鉴;?他整理文化典籍，有利于后世教育的发展。 (本题属于开放性的题目，找出一个典型的，概括孔子对教育贡献时，要从不同的角度如从学校，方法理念、文化整理等诸多方面作答。) (2)科举制发展，北宋扩大了进士科的名额;加强专制主义中央集权的需要;北宋农业、手工业、科技的发展;加强思想统一的需要。诗词等文化的发展对教育的需要;王安石等改革教育。 (本题考查教育发展的原因，它是文化思想发展的重要组成部分，要运用这个原理，一定时期的思想文化总是一定时期政治经济在观念的反映，寻求教育的原因也是从当时的政治经济文化教育政策作答。) (3)特点:人数多;阶层广;派别多;思想发展变化大。重大事件:洋务运动;维新变法。 关键从人数、特点两栏目中提炼，后面一小问题根据时(本题考查从材料提炼信息的能力， 间和所学知识中的有关教育方面的重大事件作答) 39((1)美国诞生的标志:1776年《独立宣言》的发表;政治制度有:总统共和制;联邦制;三权分立制;两党制。 (第小问题:考查基础知识;后面主要考查代议制有哪些制度) (2)主要的挑战是经济危机的爆发;美国总统罗斯福实施新政，采取国家干预经济的政策， 整顿银行、通过工业复兴法、调整农业，以工代放弃过去传统的经济政策自由放任政策同， 赈，进行立法，提供社会保障等，开创国家干预经济的新模式,国家垄断资本主义。 (前面小问题可材料提供的时间进行判断，后面主要考查罗斯福新政的特点为、内容及影响。) (3)有道理。当今世界呈现多极化趋势，各种力量在分化组合，如欧盟和日本的进步发展，在经济向美国的经济霸权挑战，在政治中有自己相对独立外交政策;第三世界的崛起要求建立国际政治经济新秩序;俄罗斯经济的好转和军事力量增强;中国的改革开放取得了巨大的成功;还有其他地区性的政治经济组织的发展。上述力量都制约了美国的霸权地位。 (这是一道开放性题目，要结合当今世界政治格局的发展趋势去考虑;也可从美国经济的发展，特别是知识经济的发展角度作答。) 40、(1)?位于霍尔木兹海峡的入口、波斯湾沿岸;?位于波斯湾与印度洋的交通要道上;?海陆交通十分便利; (2)反应该国自然环境炎热干燥的特点，所以终年高温少雨，多内流河，植被稀少，地表多沙漠;人为发展了淡水浇灌，培育了大量的地表植被; (3)迪拜历史上是移民国家;该国石油资源丰富，经济发达;就业机会多，有很大的吸引力; (4)海运交通便利，便于运进原料;石油资源丰富，动力充足;科技发达;市场广阔; 41、(1)云南、贵州、广西 (2)35?—40?以上的地区 ;15?以下的地区;10?—30?之间 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 43 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (3)南 ，或者偏南方向;因为该地受夏季风的影响大，所以在南坡，降水多，石漠化严重。 (4)原因:?植被破坏，?过度放牧，?乱砍滥伐，?盲目开垦; 措施:?植树造林，保持水土;?退耕还林还草，合理放牧; 2010年深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) 文科综合试题参考答案 一、选择题:本大题共35小题，每小题4分，共计140分。 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案 C C C B D B B B A D C B 题号 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 答案 C D C D C D D B B C C C 题号 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 D A B D D C A D B A B 二、非选择题。本大题共6小题，第36题23分，第37题29分，第38题28分，第39题24分，第40题26分，第41题30分，共计160分。 36((23分) (1)?坚持科学发展观，加快转变经济发展方式，走新型工业化道路。(3分) ?树立正确的生产经营战略，开发有市场前景的适销对路的高质量的环保产品。(3分) ?提高劳动生产率，依靠技术进步、科学管理等手段，形成自己的竞争优势。(3分) ?提高自主创新能力，开发低碳技术，节能减排，保护环境。(2分) (2)?重视社会意识的反作用，用正确的社会意识推动社会的发展。政府制定并落实环保政策、企业以绿色环保理念为指导、群众节能意识不断增加，使控制温室气体排放工作成效显著。(4分) ?坚持以正确的价值观为指导，作出正确的价值判断和价值选择。在环保政策的指导下，广东加大节能治污力度、企业发展低碳经济、群众参与节能活动，走可持续发展之路，使节能减排工作落到了实处。(4分) ?坚持群众观点，走群众路线。政府关注人民群众的根本利益，群众积极参与节能活动，使我国节能治污收效明显。(4分) 37((29分) (1)?我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，我国政府是人民意旨的执行者和人民利益的捍卫者。(3分) ?我国政府的宗旨是为人民服务，政府工作的基本原则是对人民负责。(3分) ?我国政府履行管理和服务职能，积极组织社会主义经济建设。(3分) ?我国政府的性质、宗旨、原则和基本职能要求政府为企业创新发展营造良好的环境，搭建服务的平台。(2分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (2)?文化产业本身是重要的经济部门，发展文化产业，可以促进经济和社会的发展。腾讯公司和广东原创动力文化传播有限公司通过文化产业的发展，创造出了巨大的经济效益并催生出众多的产业链，对经济和社会的发展起到了促进作用。(4分) ?文化产业的发展，使文化生产力在现代经济总体格局中的作用越来越突出，有利于提升我国的文化竞争力，提高国家的文化软实力，维护我国的经济安全，增强我国的综合国力。如腾讯公司成为市值全球第三大的互联网公司，广东原创动力文化传播有限公司打破国外动漫垄断我国市场的局面等。(4分) ?文化产业的发展，使社会文化消费更加丰富，提高了全社会的文化消费水平。腾讯公司用互联网等先进技术不断提升人们的生活品质，“喜羊羊”衍生出多种的文化产品，满足了人们的文化消费，有利于丰富人们的精神世界，增强人的精神力量，促进人的全面发展。(2分) (3)?任何事物都是变化发展的，所以要用发展的观点看问题，坚信前途是光明的，同时勇于走曲折的道路。腾讯公司在举步维艰的困境中积极寻找出路，为“小企鹅”插上了腾飞的翅膀。(4分) ?任何事物的发展都是量变和质变的统一，所以要做好量变的准备，促进事物的质变。腾讯公司从创立到抓住“高交会”的机遇，促进自身成长壮大，成为市值全球第三大的互联网公司，实现了质的飞跃。(4分) (如果考生回答出:承认矛盾、分析矛盾，勇于揭露矛盾，积极寻找正确的方法解决矛盾，可以酌情给分) 38((28分) (1)本质差异:西方已经迈进资本主义工业文明阶段;中国还处于落后的农耕文明时代(或封建社会)。(4分) 主要原因:封建专制统治强化，重农抑商政策，闭关锁国政策。(6分) (2)沉沦:西方列强侵略，清王朝腐败;中国社会日益沦为半殖民地半封建社会。(2分)(答出其中1个要点，即可得2分) 上升:中国人民通过不断探索和斗争，最终赢得了反帝反封建斗争的胜利;建立了新中国，实现了民族独立和人民当家作主。(答出其中1个要点，即可得2分) (3)经济上:民族资本主义的发展。政治上:资产阶级和无产阶级队伍壮大(或答国民党、中国共产党的建立)，民主革命运动蓬勃发展。思想上:民主共和思想和马克思主义在中国的传播(6分) (4)第一种观点:没有认识到前30年为后30年发展的奠基作用，过分夸大了前30年社会主义建设事业的失误。(2分。如果能从前30年成绩是主流，错误是支流方面进行立论，也可得分。) 政治方面:新中国成立时确立的人民民主专政的国体、中国人民政治协商会议制度、民族区域自治制度和后来建立的人民代表大会制度，为改革开放奠定了根本的政治前提和制度基础。(2分) 经济方面:建立了社会主义公有制，建立起了比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，为改革开放奠定了经济基础。(2分) 科技文化方面:扫盲教育、“双百”方针、“两弹一星”等成就，为科技文化发展奠定了基础。(2分) 第二种观点:这种观点是对改革开放事业的反对或怀疑，过分夸大了改革开放中存在的问题。(2分。如果能对后30年建设中的问题用辨证的观点谈认识，也可得分。) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 45 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 政治上:拨乱反正，社会主义民主法制逐步完善。(2分) 经济上:建立了社会主义市场经济体制，综合国力大大增强，人民生活水平不断提高，总体上实现了小康社会的建设目标。(2分) 文化上:科教兴国、普及义务教育、发展高等教育，科技文化事业全面发展。(2分) 39((24分) 1)英国率先建立和完善了资产阶级代议制，成为最强大的资本主义国家。通过殖民( 扩张,成为最大的殖民国家，拥有广阔市场。通过工业革命，成为世界工厂。(答对1个要点得3分。此问得分不超过6分。) (2)历史背景:世界大战和30年代大危机的教训。美国经济实力膨胀。英国(或欧洲)经济遭到战争破坏而相对衰落。(答对1个要点得3分。此问得分不超过6分。) 影响:确立了美国在世界经济中的霸主地位。在一定程度上稳定了世界金融货币秩序，促进了世界贸易的发展，有利于世界经济的发展。(6分) (3)一个国家(或经济体)的经济实力决定其货币的国际地位;反映了经济全球化和区域集团化的发展趋势;国际货币体系的建立有利于世界经济秩序的稳定;加强国际合作，建立公正、合理的国际经济新秩序;(答对1个要点得3分。此问得分不超过6分。) 40((26分) (1)领土由半岛和岛屿组成(或临近海洋)，面积小(2分);气候属温带海洋性气候(2分);地形以平原为主(2分);河流短小，独流入海(或支流少)，水量季节变化不大(2分);植被为温带落叶阔叶林(2分)。(共10分) (2)北大西洋暖流(2分)盛行西风(2分)(共4分) (3)国土面积小、流量小(或河流短小)(2分)，落差小(或地势起伏小)(2分)。(共4分) (4)能源利用多样化，减少能源对外依存度(或能源安全)(2分);降低单位产值能耗，提高能源利用效率(2分);优化能源结构，发展可再生能源及新能源，实现能源可持续发展(2分);减少常规能源中化石能源的使用，注重环境保护，减少CO等污染物排放。2(2分)(共8分) 41((30分) (1)由沿海向内陆逐渐减少(2分)，新疆西部略增多(2分)。400—600毫米(400-800 毫米)(2分)。(共6分) (2)东部:水土流失(3分);西部:荒漠化(3分)。(每空3分，共6分) (3)光热充足(2分);靠近河流，灌溉便利(2分);昼夜温差大(2分);土壤疏松肥沃(2分)(任答3项，共6分) (4)特征:从大城市向中小城镇转移(或从城市向乡村转移;或从发达地区向欠发达地区转移)(2分);移出的主要是占地面积广、污染大的企业(2分);多靠近交通发达的沿海、铁路沿线附近(2分)。(共6分) (5)有丰富的原料，如海盐、煤、石油(2分);海陆交通便利(2分);市场广大、技术力量雄厚、劳动力丰富(2分)。(共6分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 2010年深圳市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二) 文科综合试题参考答案 一(选择题:本大题共35小题，每小题4分，共计140分。 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 答案 B D A D B C D B D B C A 题号 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 答案 B B A D C D C B C B D B 题号 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 D C A C D D D B D D B 二(必做题。本大题共6小题，第36题18分，第37题34分，第38题26分，第39题26分，第40题28分，第41题28分，共计160分。 36(??要充分发挥主观能动性，重视意识的能动作用。深圳的跨越式发展，需要始终保持“拓荒牛”的无畏精神。(4分) ?辨证的否定是发展的环节，必须树立创新意识，培养创新精神。深圳的再次腾飞，必须冲破旧习俗的束缚，大胆创新、锐意进取。(4分) ??坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针;贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众;始终把社会效益放在首位，做到经济效益与社会效益相统一。材料中的文化品牌，符合上述要求，产生了良好的社会效果。(4分)(考生回答出答案中的任意两点，均给4分) ?坚持文化创新。发展人民大众喜闻乐见的文化，离不开继承传统，推陈出新;面向世界，博采众长的途径。创意与创新结合的文博会、中西文化结合交融的大芬村等文化品牌，在文化创新中为民众喜闻乐见。(2分) ?彰显文化的民族性。打造富于民族特色的文化品牌，宏扬民族文化，为文化可持续发展注入活力。(2分) ?提供多种类型、多种风格的文化产品。读书月、文博会、大芬村、民俗文化村„„满足了人们多层次、多样化、多方面的需求，极大地丰富了人们的精神文化生活。(2分) 37(?表一反映了改革开放以来，我国城乡人均可支配收入都有很大的提高，但城乡人均收入差距呈现不断扩大的趋势;(2分) 表二反映了2009年我国城乡居民、不同地区间的居民可支配收入都存在较大差距;尤其是民族地区居民收入普遍偏低(3分); ??坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顾效率与公平，坚持共同富裕的目标。(2分) ?要逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。 (2分) ?再分配更加注重公平。加强政府对收入分配的调节，保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。通过强化税收调节，整顿分配秩序，实现分配的公平。(2分) ?促进区域、城乡经济的协调发展，提高低收入者的收入水平。(2分) ?加快民族地区的经济发展。(2分) ??实践是认识的来源。改革开放以来, 伴随着经济体制改革的深化，十四大明确提出“兼顾效率与公平”，形成了党对效率与公平关系的初步认识。(3分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 47 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts ?实践是认识发展的动力。从十四大到十七大，党对效率与公平关系的认识随着经济体制改革的深化而不断完善。(3分) ?认识具有反复性、无限性。改革开放以来，党对效率与公平关系的认识就是一个在实践中认识和发现真理、在实践中检验和发展真理的过程。(2分) ??有利于不断巩固平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系;(4分) ?有利于更好地坚持民族平等、民族团结和各民族共同繁荣的基本原则;(4分) ?有利于更好地坚持民族区域自制制度;(3分) 38((1)“臣民”社会信息:?提倡忠君;?限制言论;?重视封建伦理道德。(4分) “公民”社会信息:?人格独立;?权利平等;?思想自由。(3分) (2)背景:抗战胜利后，国民党政府坚持独裁内战方针，以强权压制民主，先后制造了一系列血案。(2分) 漫画解读:丁聪以画笔为武器，漫画《良民》揭露了当局限制言论自由;漫画《民主》揭露了当局镇压民主运动、残害民主人士的罪行。(4分) 人权状况:人民自由民主权利遭到肆意践踏，中国人民争取民主自由的道路漫长。(3分) (评分标准:发言稿内容要求包含三个要素:时代背景、漫画解读、人权状况，此问得分不超过9分) (3)?重庆谈判和政治协商会议的召开——确立了和平民主建国方针; ?人民解放战争的胜利——推翻了国民党专制独裁统治; 中华人民共和国成立——实现了人民当家作主(召开新政协会议，颁布了《共同纲 ? 领》)。 (评分标准:每一个要点3分，此问得分不超过6分) (4)由“臣民”社会到“公民”社会演变是政治民主化的重要表现(历史必然趋势); 由“臣民”社会到“公民”社会演变是一个长期而曲折的过程; 反对专制统治、进行思想启蒙、健全法制是实现由“臣民”社会向“公民”社会演变的重要途径。 (评分标准:每个要点2分，此问得分不超过4分) 39.(1)英法七年战争:法国战败，国际地位下降(国内矛盾加深，革命危机严重); 英国获胜，确立殖民霸主地位(为工业革命创造了必要条件)。(4分) 克里米亚战争:俄国战败，国内危机加深(1861年改革); 英法胜利，海外市场进一步扩大。(4分) (评分标准:每个要点2分，此问得分不超过,分。) (2)反应:马歇尔计划——经济互助会;北大西洋公约组织——华沙条约组织;柏林危机;朝鲜半岛分裂等。 (评分标准:每个要点2分, 此问得分不超过4分。) 原因:美苏两极势均力敌，都拥有核军备威慑力量;两次世界大战的惨痛教训，维护世界和平的力量发展;联合国发挥了一定作用。 (评分标准: 每个要点2分, 此问得分不超过4分。) (3)影响:?经济全球化推动世界各国经济的发展，经济力量结构呈现多极化趋势(经济全球化使所有国家不再是国际秩序的客体和旁观者); ?经济全球化也使一些行为体(如世贸、欧盟等)对国际秩序的影响力大大增强; ?经济全球化使单个国家依靠其经济、军事权力操控国际秩序的影响力大大减弱。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts (评分标准:每个要点2分，此问得分不超过6分。) 应对:本着平等互利、彼此尊重的原则，加强国际合作，共同应对人类面临的新挑战;积极开展经济文化交流，共同分享人类文明成果。 (评分标准:每个要点2分，此问得分不超过4分。) 40((1)地形(2分);流水溶蚀(流水溶解、冲刷或流水侵蚀)(2分)(共4分) 2)?2009年夏秋降水不足，地表存水不足;?去冬今春降水稀少;?去冬今春气温( 偏高，蒸发旺盛。(每项2分，共6分) (3)有色冶金或铜矿冶炼(冶金)(2分);?近原料地(2分);?近能源地(2分);?近河流，水资源丰富(2分)。(共8分) (4)不合理(2分)。高原、山地面积广，宜林地广(2分)，而林牧业比重小(2分);山间小盆地及水域面积小(2分)，而种植业比重过过大(2分)。(共10分) 41((1)铁路(运输)(2分);?东西距离远(或国土面积大)(2分);?资源地与消费市场距离远，货运量大(2分);?冰封期长，水运不发达(2分)(任答两项得4分)。 (2)春季河流径流量大，径流季节分配不均(3分);冬季积雪多，春季气温升高，融雪补给量大。(3分)(共6分) (3)优势条件:面积广大(2分);自然资源丰富(2分，具体答也可以);劣势条件:人口少;气候严寒;农业用地不足;科技力量薄弱;开发历史短。(任选3项得6分)(共10分) 4)?缓解劳动力短缺状况;?有利于资源开发;?促进区域经济发展;?缩小东西( 部经济的差距。(每项2分，任答三项得6分) 2010年佛山市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一) 文科综合试题参考答案 一、选择题 地理题 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 D C C B D A C A B C D 历史题 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 答案 C C B A A D D B A C D A 政治题 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 答案 A C B D D A C D A A C D 二、非选择题(共6题，满分160分。) 36( (1) ?振兴文化产业，繁荣文化市场，丰富文化产品，提高我国文化国际影响力。(3分) ?在社会实践的基础上，继承传统、推陈出新，在文化创新中赋予新的社会内容与时代 精神，不断与时俱进，充满活力。(4分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted inve 49 / 121 stment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts ?面向世界、博采众长。吸收各国优秀文明成果，为我所用。(3分) (2) ?文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出。振兴文化产业、大力发展科学技术， 有利于促进经济发展、增强综合国力。题中观点有一定的合理性。(3分) ?当前国际竞争不仅仅是文化的竞争，其实质是以经济和科技实力为基础的综合国力的 较量。(3分) ?综上所述，题中说法夸大了文化产业在国际竞争中的作用，是片面的。(1分) (3) ?文化产业是繁荣社会主义文化的重要载体，振兴文化产业的特殊意义体现了联系具有 普遍性，坚持用联系的观点看问题。(4分) ?在当前应对国际金融危机的新形势下，强调振兴文化产业的特殊意义体现了矛盾具有 特殊性，坚持具体问题具体分析。(4分) (如从发展的观点作答可酌情给分) 37 ( (1) 图一反映了建国60年来西吉县农民人均纯收入逐年增加，特别是改革开放以来，农民人均纯收入得到显著提高。(3分) (2) ?收入是消费的前提和基础，农民生活水平不断提高。不同年代对吃的不同追求体现了农民生活的可喜变化。(3分) ?消费观念不断更新。从“不仅吃健康，而且要绿色”体现了当地农民保护环境，绿色消费的观念;从“还忙于学文化、学技术、学经营”体现了既重视物质消费，又重视精神消费的理性消费观。(3分) ?消费结构得到改善。从关注“吃”到“忙于学文化、学技术、学经营”体现了农民更加注重发展资料的消费。(2分) (3) ?人民是国家的主人，参与政治生活的意识日益增强。(2分) ?我国政府便民利民，审慎用权，科学民主决策。(2分) ?中国共产党坚持以人为本，科学、民主执政。(2分) ?我国公民政治参与渠道越来越多，民主建设的内容和形式不断发展。(2分) (4) ?价值观作为一种社会意识，对人们的行为具有重要的驱动、制约和导向作用。开展评 选“双百”活动有助于做出正确的价值判断和价值选择。(3分) ?价值判断和价值选择要自觉遵循社会发展的客观规律，自觉站在最广大人民的立场上。 开展评选“双百”活动有助于我们想问题、办事情自觉顺应历史发展的潮流，积极投身 于为人民服务的伟大实践中去。(5分) 38( (1) 从传统口述史学发展为现代口述史学;坚持在严格考证的基础上吸收口述材料; 从辅助性秘书工作发展为以史学工作者为主体;以细节见长，增强历史的丰富性。 (回 答任意三点可得6分) (2) 政治上,废分封，立郡县，确立封建中央集权制;经济上，确立封建土地私有制;思 想文化上，儒学成为正统思想。(9分) advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... 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