如果这是一杯咖啡

如果这是一杯咖啡 咖啡知识小百科 本文档分享自spr咖啡小站,www.sprcoffee.net If this is coffee, please bring me some tea; if this is tea, please bring me some coffee. Abraham Lincoln Desert fruit Every cup of coffee you drink owes its existence to a fruit that grew wild in the Yemeni desert. The Sufi mystics of Yemen were the first to roast and brew the seeds into a drink. It helped them stay awake during long hours of prayer. It spread to Ethiopia (where it was banned by the Ethiopian church) and then to the Arab world. Coffee houses called kaveh kanes (from where we get "coffee" and "café") sprang up on every corner. By the 15th century, Mecca was filled with men with mugs. Coffee houses The habit spread to the rest of Europe in the 17th century. One of the first coffee houses in England was opened in Oxford by Jacob, a Turkish Jew, in 1650. Its coffee was described as "a simple Innocent thing, incomparable good for those that are trou Coffee became popular with scholars as it sharpened the mind rather than dulled it like alcohol. Coffee houses became meeting places, debating chambers and even laboratories. Isaac Newton and Edmond Halley once dissected a dolphin on the table of a coffee house in London. Lloyd's of London and the Stock Exchange started life as coffee houses. But the craze had its detractors. The brewing of ale had long been the preserve of women, known as "brewsters" or "alewives". In 1674, a group of them – alarmed at falling trade in taverns – drew up the Women's Petition Against Coffee, claiming: "Coffee makes a man barren as the desert out of which this unlucky berry has been imported." Commodity For centuries, Arabia controlled the coffee industry until (as legend has it) a pilgrim from Mecca smuggled beans back to India and began an agricultural revolution. The Dutch also managed to get a plant back to Amsterdam and to their colonies in Indonesia, so Europe soon had new cheaper sources for their beans. Coffee is now grown in more than 70 countries and is the second most commonly traded commodity in the world after oil. Civet dung The most expensive coffee in the world comes from the droppings of the Asian palm civet, a small catlike animal that loves to eat coffee cherries. The cherries only partially digest and the seeds are excreted intact. The droppings are washed and the beans, sold as Kopi Luwak, can cost hundreds of dollars per pound. The partial digestion process is supposed to add a wonderful musky flavor. Does it wake you up? Coffee does not make you alert. If you are a regular drinker of coffee, drinking it just eases the symptoms of caffeine withdrawal. So, if you never drink coffee you're probably more alert than a regular drinker who has just knocked back a double espresso. The effects of caffeine usually last between two and three hours, although that can extend to four or five hours depending upon an individual's sensitivity and metabolism. Stronger than tea? A cup of filter coffee contains about three times as much caffeine as a cup of tea, although dry tea leaves do contain a higher proportion of caffeine by weight than coffee beans. The higher the temperature of the water, the greater the caffeine extracted from beans or leaves. An average 30ml espresso contains about the same amount of caffeine as a 150ml cup of PG Tips. So a single-shot cappuccino or latte won't give you much more of a caffeine hit than a cupper. A cup of instant coffee, on the other hand, contains only around half the caffeine of a filter coffee. 咖啡知识小百科 如果这是咖啡，那就给我倒些茶;如果这是茶，那就给我来些咖啡。——亚伯拉罕?林 肯 沙漠中的果实 你所喝到的每一杯咖啡，都是由于也门沙漠中遍地种植的咖啡豆而存在。也门的苏菲神 秘主义者是第一批将咖啡豆烘烤，并将其酿造成饮品。有了这些饮品，他们可以在长时间的 祈求中保持清醒。后来，咖啡传到了埃塞俄比亚(埃塞尔比亚教会禁止咖啡)，接着传到了 阿拉伯世界。之后，被称为kaveh kanes的咖啡馆(我们喝咖啡的地方)雨后春笋般出现在 世界每个角落。到了15世纪，喝着咖啡的人在麦加随处可见。 咖啡馆 17世纪，喝咖啡的习惯传遍了欧洲。1650年，一个名为雅各的土耳其犹太人在牛津开 了英国的首家咖啡馆。雅各的咖啡被人们这样形容:“咖啡是一杯简单朴素的饮品，对于饱 受愁思的人来说，这是无与伦比的好饮品。” 咖啡能提神，而且不像酒精那样使人迟钝，因此咖啡深受知识分子的喜爱。后来，咖啡 馆变成了会议室和辩论场所，甚至成为了实验室。牛顿和哈雷曾经在伦敦咖啡馆的桌子上解 剖海豚。劳埃德船舶保险公司和英国证券交易所的前身也是咖啡馆。然而，并不是所有人都 对咖啡有好感。女性是酿造啤酒的长期拥护者，于是，她们被称为"brewsters"和"alewives"。 在 1674年，这部分人向人们提醒:啤酒制造量正在下降。另外，她们还拟出了一份《妇女 抵抗咖啡请愿书》，请愿书写道:“种植不吉利果实的沙漠到处寸草不生，所以，咖啡会使男 人不育。” 阿拉伯世界统治了咖啡行业有好几个世纪，之后，部分麦加朝圣者将咖啡豆走私到印度， 这促使了印度的农业革命。另外，荷兰人也耍了一下脑筋，将咖啡豆带到了阿姆斯特丹和他 们在印尼的殖民地，不久后，欧洲人就拥有了便宜的咖啡豆来源。如今，世界上超过70个 国家种植了咖啡豆，而咖啡豆成为了世界上也除石油外的第二大日常交易品。 果子狸的粪便 亚洲的棕榈果子狸是一种小型的猫科动物，它很喜欢吃咖啡樱桃。而世界上最昂贵的咖 啡就来自这种果子狸的排泄物。咖啡樱桃在果子狸的胃中只能部分消化，于是，里面的咖啡 豆就被全部排出体外。这些排泄物被清理后，以猫屎咖啡的名字出售，每磅可以卖好几百美元。而这个部分消化的过程，给咖啡豆添加了一种美妙的麝香味。 咖啡醒神吗, 咖啡不能提神。假如你是一个常喝咖啡的人，那么，喝咖啡就是为了缓解戒咖啡后的不良症状。因此，如果你从没喝过咖啡，那么你就比常常大口大口喝浓咖啡的人更精神。另外，咖啡因的效力常常能持续2-3小时，而由于感受性和新陈代谢因人而异，这时，咖啡因的效力就能增加至4-5小时。 咖啡比茶更提神, 尽管干茶叶的咖啡因净重比咖啡豆多，但是，一杯滤过咖啡的咖啡因含量却是一杯茶的3倍。水的温度越高，咖啡豆和茶叶中析出的咖啡因就越多。一杯30毫升浓咖啡的咖啡因含量，等同于一杯150毫升的PG Tips茶。所以，一杯热牛奶咖啡或一杯拿铁不会超过一杯茶，另一方面，一杯速溶咖啡的咖啡因含量只是过滤咖啡的一半。