绝缘斗臂车保养维护

绝缘斗臂车保养维护 DL/T854—2004《带电作业用绝缘斗臂车的保养维护及使用中的试验》编写说明 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 作者: 武汉高压研究所 易辉 来源:《电力化与计量》 更新时间:2005-04-28 评论: 0 条 1 概述 电力行业标准《带电作业用绝缘斗臂车的保养维护及使用中的试验》是根据原国家经贸委2001年度电力行业标准制、修订计划项目(电力[2001] 44号文)的安排编制的。本标准修改采用国际电工委员会标准IECTS61813《Live working-care，maintenance and in-servi cetesting of aeri-al devices with insulating booms》。 国际电工委员会标准IEC61057《带电作业用绝缘斗臂车》已经公布实施了许多年，我国国家标准《带电作业用绝缘斗臂车》(报批稿)也已形成数年了，上述标准主要适用于绝缘斗臂车的生产、定型及验收等。 随着我国配电线路带电作业的广泛展开，我国电力生产企业购置并拥有的带电作业用绝缘斗臂车总数已达数百台，而且逐年递增的幅度很大。要使这样一些在役的斗臂车能安全可靠地运行，应该对带电作业用绝缘斗臂车的保养维护及试验尽快编制一个相应的标准，以便各运行使用单位有章可循。 IECTS61813《带电作业用绝缘斗臂车的保养维护及使用中的试验》是2000年底正式公布的标准，将这一标准结合我国的具体情况迅速转化为我国电力行业标准，则是十分及时的，又是十分必要的。 2 适用范围 我国目前使用的绝缘斗臂车，其适用电压范围有10kV、35kV、110kV级，也有少数地区开发了220kV级的带电作业用绝缘斗臂车。而国外，例如美国、法国等国家，已将带电作业用绝缘斗臂车使用至400kV、500kV甚至于735kV电压等级。对于不同的电压等级，斗臂车的绝缘臂的形式和长短可以制作得不一样来适应各个电压等级，因而IEC标准没有按电压等级来区分它的使用范围，而只是表明，凡用于带电作业、具有绝缘臂的架空装置均可适用于本标准。而作为我国电力行业的标准，也可参照这一原则，将带电作业用绝缘斗臂车以及与斗臂车类似的用于带电作业的高架绝缘装置归入本标准的使用范围。而对于用于其他领域如建筑、园林、抢险、灭火等领域的斗臂车则不包含在本标准的范围之中。 3 章节安排 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 本标准基本按照IEC标准的章节次序以及章节内容进行编制，其主要技术参数也与IEC标准一致。主要有:一般技术要求、绝缘部件的保养、斗臂车绝缘臂的维护、检查、定期试验、记录。修理等内容。本标准的重点在斗臂车绝缘上臂、下臂、内斗、外斗的保养及维护，重点强调应注意带电作业用绝缘斗臂车应在清洁环境中使用并保持清洁，而绝缘表面出现赃污应及时清洗。对清洗的用具及溶剂等提出了推荐。而对于绝缘上臂、绝缘下臂、底盘绝缘系统、绝缘吊臂、绝缘内斗、绝缘外斗等各个不同的部位电气试验如何进行、交流耐压、直流耐压的具体要求均作了明确规定。尤其是对位于现场的带电作业用绝缘斗臂车如何进行现场的电气试验进行了专项规定。 本标准还对使用和操作带电作业用绝缘斗臂车人员的资格进行了规定，即操作人员一定要进行专业培训，熟知斗臂车的结构原理以及性能，了解应检查的部位，并对斗臂车能否安全可靠地工作做出判断。强调人和车的统一，只有具备理论知识和实践经验的人，才能操纵各方面性能完好的绝缘斗臂车，以保证带电作业工作的高效、安全、可靠。 4 几个专项技术问 4.1 应建立并规定严格的保养维护程序 绝缘斗臂车为载人(载重)机械装置，由于采用液压传动，其自动化、机械化水平较高，载人作业灵活自如，深受带电作业人员尤其是配电带电作业人员的欢迎。但正是因为其自动化水平较高，每一个零部件发生任何故障及损坏，将有可能导致设备事故，由此而引发人身事故和系统停电事故。因此，在本标准的第四章中明确规定:对绝缘斗臂车要有一套严格的保养、维护程序。这里有几个要点: 1)作业人员的培训 带电作业人员不仅应对绝缘斗臂车的各部分结构及使用性能有详尽的了解，同时要对绝缘斗臂车的保养、维护方面进行严格有效的培训。要全面了解和熟悉绝缘斗臂车的电气、机械方面保养、维护的要点以及常见故障的原因和排除方法。 2)保养周期 保养周期一般根据使用的频繁程度和使用时现场的环境条件来决定，即使用频繁，则保养周期缩短;使用不是很频繁，则可适当延长保养周期。使用时，作业现场环境均较为脏污，则保养周期缩短;若作业现场环境均较为清洁，则可适当延长保养周期。 关于保养周期，这里特别提醒大家，要尊重制造厂商的建议和意见。由于绝缘斗臂车的生产各厂采用不同的生产工艺，其特点只有厂商最为了解，保养的间隔时期，保养的关键部位及要点，制造厂在说明书中都应有详细说明，如果不够详尽，我们还应向制造厂商作专项了解，因此，我们应该特别重视，并严格按制造厂在说明书中的详细说明和具体建议去做。 关于保养的周期到底如何确定,一般依据制造厂提供的说明书先做出规定，然后，根据使用的频度和使用现场的环境情况进行适当的调整。 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 4.2 关于绝缘部件的保养 绝缘斗臂车的绝缘部件主要指绝缘斗和绝缘臂(有些斗臂车还带绝缘吊臂)，这些绝缘部件保养得好坏，直接关系到绝缘斗臂车的使用寿命。因此，第五章中规定: l)行驶运输前的保养和准备 为了绝缘斗臂车的行驶和运输的安全，要做好绝缘斗臂车行驶前的准备工作，有以下几点: ——工作斗回复到行驶位置; ——卸掉或缩回吊臂; ——上臂折起，下臂降下(伸缩臂完全收回)回复到各自的支撑架，固定牢固; ——切断两臂的液压操作系统; ——对绝缘斗、臂罩上防潮保护罩。 做完以上工作以后，方可放心行驶和运输。但在行驶过程中还必须十分注意道路的宽窄和桥梁的高低以及路面的好坏，以防颠簸和撞击损坏。 2)作业中应注意的要点 ——操作时，要注意平稳移动斗和臂，不可冲击移动; ——斗和臂与空中所有物体至少保持100mm的间距; ——工具和不得超出斗的边沿; ——绝缘臂使用防护线，工作斗使用防磨损垫; ——导线等重物不得搁置于斗上; ——注意斗的额定荷重，不得超出额定载荷。 3)库存应注意的要点 绝缘斗臂车应停泊在汽车库房或绝缘斗臂车专用库房中，如果附近存有热源，必须采取隔热措施，注意库房内的室温不要超过60?。 4.3 整车的维护工作 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 做好日常绝缘斗臂车整车的维护工作，是确保斗臂车使用安全的基本保障，要注意以下几点: 1)建立定期检查程序 具有资格能操作斗臂车的人员，必须经过培训后进行资格确认，这一点十分重要。如果不强调这一点就容易造成混乱。 具有资格能操作斗臂车的人员才允许担当检查工作，而检查程序应包括开始工作前的整车肉眼检查、详尽的各部件外观检查及绝缘强度试验等一套程序。 2)绝缘部件的清洁 绝缘斗臂车的绝缘部件保持清洁干净是保证绝缘斗臂车的绝缘部分具有足够的绝缘强度的基本措施。但在绝缘部件的保洁工作中要注意以下几点: ——较小的污垢，用不起毛的布擦干净(尽量少用溶剂); ——污垢较重时，可使用溶剂“异丙醇”擦拭，但擦拭物不可使用清洁球之类的会导致绝缘表面划伤用具。 ——污垢特别严重时，可用高压热水冲洗，但水温不宜超过50?，水压不宜超过690kPa。 3)涂硅 涂硅是加强绝缘防止污秽物沉积在绝缘表面的一种有效方法，但涂硅也有几个要点应注意: ——只能在绝缘表面薄薄涂一层硅，切记不能堆积; ——使用洁净布蘸硅料涂刷时，一定要注意涂层要薄，且要十分均匀。 ——使用喷涂时，一般是局部补喷，对于重叠堆积的硅料要擦掉，保持外表面的平整光滑。 ——硅料的产品牌号及生产厂要选择知名厂商和知名品牌。 4.4 坚持做好整车的各类检查 带电作业用绝缘斗臂车的各种类别的检查是防止绝缘斗臂车出现工作故障，杜绝事故发生的一项基本，因此，一定要坚持整车的各类检查，以确保绝缘斗臂车任何时候都处于良好的备用状态。 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 1)一年一度的整车全面检查 如本标准7.3所规定的14个方面的全面检查，包括电气的、机械的，各个零部件的功能、结构件的损伤和变形、螺栓的紧固状况、部件的磨损以及单个系统的运行功能测试等。 ——检查周期一般为一年，但如果绝缘斗臂车使用很频繁，环境状况不是很好，日常保养又不是很到位，则应缩短这一定期检查的周期。具体缩短到多长时间，要由各个使用单位根据具体情况确定，其原则是要保持各个部件、各分系统。整车系统一直都要处于良好的备用状态。 ——担负定期检查任务的人员，一定要经过专业训练，否则对于上述14个方面的全面检查，包括电气的、机械的，各个零部件的功能、结构件的损伤和变形、螺栓的紧固状况、部件的磨损以及单个系统的运行功能测试等，一则无处下手，二则即使进行了检查，由于知识和经验的缺乏，也无法进行判断。担负整车定期检查工作的人，肩负很重要的责任，整车经他检查以后，他的判断能力的高低、检查是否认真负责，决定了带电作业用绝缘斗臂车是否能安全使用，不仅涉及到设备安全，更关系到人身安全和系统的安全。 2)一星期一次的检查 ——每周的例行检查，应安排在车库进行。因为车库的存放条件较好，工具较为齐全，发现任何缺陷和失灵都能够得到及时地高效地处理。而工作地点场地一般较为狭窄，工具又不齐全，且受工作时间的限制，往往较为仓促，检查工作做不到位，从而影响检查工作的质量。 ——整车的例行外观检查，重点检查四处: 位于转折处的焊缝裂纹、锈蚀或变形; 铰轴点的销轴装置; 液压游标和通风过滤装置的状态; 真空保护、通风过滤装置的状态。 ——例行功能检查，注意二个方面: 检查液压缸的闭锁阀; 臂、支腿选择开关。 ——内外斗的例行检查，首先将内斗从外斗中取出，将污秽杂物清除干净。内斗的内外壁。外斗的内外壁均应仔细查看，有无损伤或层面剥落，如有损伤，则要判断:机械损伤，还是化学因素发生的剥落。如发生了机械损伤，损伤部位的深度，一般而言不超过总厚度的五分之一(最好有制造厂推荐的壁厚最低值)可不修理;如果损伤部位的深度超过总厚度的center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 五分之一，同时又达不到制造厂推荐的壁厚最低值，则应进行工频耐压试验，加压35 kV、1分钟，如果能耐受，则内外斗可以继续使用，如果发生闪络击穿，则应送制造厂修理。 判断为化学因素发生的剥落，如果程度较为轻微，可继续观察;如果为中等程度的剥落，则应对斗进行工频耐压试验，加压35kV、1分钟，如果能耐受，则内外斗可以继续使用。如果发生闪络击穿，则应废弃不用，由制造厂更换新的工作斗。 3)日常检查、清理和处置 ——正式使用之前，绝缘部件包括上下臂、工作斗、吊臂等应使用不起毛的布擦拭干净，如果实在擦不干净，可使用溶剂“异丙醇”擦拭，只需稍稍蘸一点，轻轻擦拭即可。 ——正式使用之前，将绝缘斗臂车启动起来，空运转一下(即工作斗无人的情况下工作一个循环)，操作人员用肉眼对全车进行外观检查，并对各个分系统进行功能检查，仔细倾听各个部位有无异常噪声，并进一步确认绝缘斗臂车的绝缘预防性试验在有效期内。 ——从安全可靠的角度出发，还应检查并操作备用电源和紧急制动系统的灵活及可靠性，以及可视和音响报警装置。 ——正式使用之前，必须检查外斗有无机械损伤，用蘸有溶剂的软布轻轻擦拭工作斗，一边擦一边观察，尤其是外斗的底部是否有脏污。内斗也应仔细检查，有无孔洞或裂缝，一切与作业无关的杂物，应从斗内全部清除干净。 4.5 关于预防性试验 目前，国内外生产的绝缘斗臂车大致有以下几种类型: l)有下臂测试电极系统的绝缘斗臂车(具有泄漏电流报警系统); 2)没有下臂测试电极系统的绝缘斗臂车(没有泄漏电流报警系统); 3)插入式绝缘下臂、底盘绝缘系统的绝缘斗臂车; 4)可适用于220kV电压等级的绝缘斗臂车。 以上各个类别的绝缘斗臂车，均应定期进行预防性试验，才能保证绝缘斗臂车的使用安全。IEC标准中规定，定期试验的最大间隔期为12个月，即试验周期不得超过12个月，也就是说在12个月之内选择确定周期。而根据我国大多数供电部门绝缘斗臂车的使用情况和使用频度，将电气试验的周期明确为6个月。 4.5.l 电气试验 电气试验主要指绝缘斗臂车的绝缘预防性试验。 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, l)试验周期 正常定期的绝缘预防性试验周期为6个月。 2)试验项目 绝缘上臂、绝缘外斗、绝缘内斗、绝缘吊臂。绝缘下臂及绝缘底盘的绝缘预防性试验。各类车型的试验加压数值，试验接线，在标准中都有明确的规定。 这里对本标准中的表4进行一下特别说明。根据我国绝缘斗臂车的制造工艺现状，定期电气试验所进行的工频耐压试验，由于所施加的电压值按IEC标准显得过低，而不能发现局部的绝缘缺陷。国外的同行们，大多数认为，耐压试验的电压值加得过高，由于累积效应，会对绝缘造成损害，这一点我们也没有疑义。但耐压值过低，又的确很难发现局部绝缘缺陷，因而工频耐压试验的电压值既不能选得太高，又不能取得太低，而要选一个既不要对绝缘造成损害，又能发现局部绝缘缺陷的合适的值。因而这里定期工频耐压试验值按绝缘预防性试验的电压值施加，即增加了此表4。表1、表2及表3仍按IEC标准。表4对10kV~220kV各个电压等级的绝缘斗臂车定期预防性试验所施加的电压值，给出了明确的规定。这些给定的耐压值并非随意确定的，而是经过反复征求意见和协商，在有关专门会议上充分讨论后确定的。表4在本标准中出现，具有中国特色，IEC相应标准则没有这一条技术内容。 因此，本标准8(l规定，交流耐压试验分两个步骤。以10kV没有下臂测试电极系统的绝缘斗臂车为例，交流耐压试验时先施加 40kV电压1分钟，同时测量泄漏电流，不得大于40μA，然后将电压升至70kV、1分钟，如果能耐受则试验通过。 这里有一个实例: 有一台220kV的绝缘斗臂车，在进行绝缘试验时，测量的泄漏电流一直偏大，换了几个实验室作试验，测量的泄漏电流仍然偏大，经过仔细研究，结果发现是试验接线存在一些问题，在排除了空间电容的影响，除掉电容电流后测到的即为阻性泄漏电流。 4.5.2 机械试验 由于大家对绝缘监督工作较为重视，近些年来，由于绝缘斗臂车绝缘方面造成的事故和故障比较少见。而由于机械原因造成的事故却时有发生。例如，臂的连接销孔拉裂，使得臂和斗高空跌落;液压系统的液压缸失压也发生臂和斗高空跌落，从而导致人身伤亡和设备损坏事故。 因而建议每一绝缘斗臂车用户，增加一项机械方面的预防性试验项目: l)试验周期 正常定期的机械预防性试验周期为6个月。 2)试验项目 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring, 额定荷载全工况试验。 额定荷载全工况试验即按工作斗的额定荷载加载，按全工况曲线图全部操作三遍。若此项试验如果监督有效，则将来在本标准修订时，加上这一内容。 5 结束语 本标准是带电作业专业技术领域中一个十分重要设备的维护方面的标准。尽管IEC将IECTS61813作为一个技术报告出版，但由于电力生产实践中急需一个斗臂车维护方面的标准，因而我们在翻译、理解这一国际标准的同时，将此标准转化为推荐性电力行业标准。 随着我国与国外交流日益广泛和深入，我国电力系统所使用的国内外所生产的绝缘斗臂车必然在数量上和种类上还要大为增加，要包含所有类别的绝缘斗臂车，本标准还需在使用过程中不断完善。而目前本标准所包括的各种类型的带电作业用绝缘斗臂车，应该是近几年我们使用、操作、保养、维护以及运行管理斗臂车工作中成熟实践经验的总结。 center pin checks and anchoring the inner cylinder. According to While coupling alignment should keep oil out of cavity and locate the rotor axis neck raised are within the prescribed limits, there should be no gaps, Horn, Horn and Horn 0.05mm feeler gauges fit into. Center coupling, condenser water filling and water-filled according to factory requirement. For coupling three supported rotor Center, the mouth under the coupling between the value should be as stipulated in the manufacturer, usually 0.15~0.25mm. In the case of coupling connection, if possible, lifting only one bearing end of the support bearing of the rotor, remove the bearing, fitted with special tiles and special lifting tools, disc rotors, check the journal flutter tile, should generally be less than 0.10MM. When the couplings and rotor comes when there is a conflict, the coupling Centre shall prevail. 6.4.5.2.2 shaft looking for: ... 6.4.5.3. Provisional bolt confirmed the positioning of the rotor size, as well as the coupling between the adjustment shim thickness accuracy, drawings to meet the technical requirements. Plane, cylindrical and clean the coupling bolt holes should be clean and without burrs, scrap iron and grease-free, relative position of the coupling according to the drawing requirements are. Coupling top screws, round distance apart, indicators to monitor movement of the aircraft, its value is allowed to pass the value axis moving, mounted adjustment pads, note pads installation direction guide pin coupling with process end closed. The back wheels slowly tightened, when 2mm or so, with standard white bars where two back wheel bolt hole measurement above and below, confirm two back wheel bolt hole concentricity. Then, the symmetrical horizontal mount two temporary bolts tightened, attention to monitor dial indicator, then install the symmetrical temporary bolts, this time sites slowly moving rotor, in the measured circumference of 8 equal parts back wheel rim rock, each measuring relative changes in value should be less than 0.02mm. 6.4.5.4 coupling reamed and paired bolt reaming die reamer, adjustable reamers, boring mill, in several ways. 6.4.5.4.1 General requirements before reaming or boring,