现在完成时课件

现在完成时课件 一、时态讲解:现在完成时 (1)用法: 1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. I’m sure we’ve met before. She has arrived. 2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如: I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. (2) 构成: 现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…? You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…? He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…? 否定疑问式 简单回答(肯定/否定) Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. (3)时间状语 ? 现在完成时和带有since或for等表示时间的状语连用(since 后跟表示过去的一个时间点;for 后跟一段时间),表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去。 例: He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已三年了。 He has lived here since 1978. 从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 ? 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语，如:already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等连用(注:already 常用于肯定句，yet 常用于否定句和疑问句中，且常位于句末)。 例: Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗, The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。 I’ve never been to Japan before. 我以前没去过日本。 They haven’t finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 We have already worked out that problem. 我们已解出了那个问。 ? 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, once, rarely ,three times, on several occasions等: Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗, I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 We have often been there. 我们经常去那儿。 ? 现在完成时还常与包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to now, during / in the past / last few days / weeks / months / years, today, these days(这些天来), so far等: I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 I have learned how to swim now. 我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。 Have you seen Han Meimei this morning? 你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗, What have you done these days? 注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago(一段时间+ago), just now, in the past(在过去)，from then on, after that(打那以后)等 用于现在完成时的句型: 1、用于This/That/It is the +序数词(first, second„) time that„句型中(that从句用现在完成时)如: It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。 2、用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that„句型中(that从句用现在完成时)。如: That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 3、It is/has been + 时间+ since从句(瞬间动词用过去式) It has been three years since he joined the party. (四大标识词 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't (yet)come back (yet). 他还没有回来。 * 以ever和never为标志 ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标志 so far / up to now往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。) ? 注意: 1) have (has) been表示“曾到过某地” have (has) gone的区别:表示“已经去某地” have (has) been in:表示“已经在某地待了多长时间” 试比较: Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了,(已经回来了) Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了,(人不在) They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大) They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)。 They have been in Canada for five years. Miss Gao isn’t in the office, she ______to the library. A has gone B went C will go D have been My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A have been to B have gone to C have been in D have been I ____ Beijing three times. A went B have gone to C have been to D have been 2)since和for的区别 a) since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. b)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不 能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。 瞬间动词:也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的 结束。 延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。如:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. 因此，不能说: He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为: He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 记忆:a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 4、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be，形容词”代终止性动词 1、be，married代marry 2、be，ill代fall (get) ill 3、be，dead代die 4、be，asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be，awake代wake/wake up 6、be，gone代lose, die, sell, leave 7、be，open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be，missing(gone, lost)代lose c)用“be，副词”代终止性动词 1“be，on”代start, begin 2“be，up”代get up 3“be，back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等 d)用“be，介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to (一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词: become ? be) come here(back)?be here(back) begin(start) ? be on arrive(get to /reach)? be here (in) die ? be dead leave ? be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)?be ill(sick, asleep) marry ? be married get up? be up dress ? be dressed fall ?be go/ get out(there)? be out(there) finish ? be over borrow ?keep buy/get ?have put on ? wear 或be on open ? be open catch(a cold) ? have(a cold) get to know ? know join ? be in或 be a member of…+组织机构 close ? be closed begin to study ? study go to school ? be a student come to work ? work come to ? be in move to ? live in sit down ? be seated 用适当的时态填空: 1. She has _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We already _________ (return) the book. 9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost) my watch yesterday. 14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going 现在完成时态 【链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。 1. The construction of the two new railway lines by now. (2006年陕西卷) A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed 3. My friend, who on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006年浙江卷) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 4. We our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names. (2006年上海卷) A. don’t meet B. won’t meet C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met 5. — leave at the end of this month. — I don’t think you should do that until_______ another job. (2006年北京卷) A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d find 6. Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop. (2006年重庆卷) A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given