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Unit2ChildhoodMemoriesCulturalChildhoods(不同文化的童年)AnOverviewRelated/Backgroundinformation;Generalunderstanding;Deepunderstanding:Readingandinterpreting;4.Difficultsentences;5.Wordsandexpressions;6.PassageOrganization；7.Summary;8.Assignments;BackgroundinformationThisisabriefessaywrittentointroducestudentsofeducationandthesocialsciencestothestudyofchildhood.Thewriter,HeatherMontgomery,teacheschildhoodstudiesattheOpenUniversity,UK.Asanaturalist,Ilovetoexploretheworldaroundme.Asateacher,Ilovetosharemypassionforbugs,rocksandrunningwater.AsanauthorIgettodoboth!LanguageandCultureL.P.HartleyLesliePolesHartley(1895–1972)isaBritishwriterofnovels,shortstoriesandcriticalessays,whostudiedhistoryatOxfordandspentalotoftimeinVenice.LanguageandCultureJeanBriggs,Canadian,isaretiredProfessorEmeritus.SheiswellknownforherclassicanthropologicalstudiesoftheInuitcommunitiesinNorthernCanada,NeverinAnger(1970)andInuitMoralityPlay(1998).TheInuitareagroupofculturallysimilarindigenouspeoplesinhabitingtheArcticregionofCanada(NorthwestTerritories,Denmark(Greenland),Russia(Siberia)and(Alaska).TheInuitlanguageisgroupedunderEskimo-Aleutlanguages.Inuit'sLifeLanguageandCultureTongaTonga(pronounced[ˈtoŋa])-anarchipelagointheSouthPacificOcean.世界上最先开始新一天的国家!!!Languagepoints1、Thesechangingideasaboutchildrenhaveledmanysocialscientiststoclaimthatchildhoodisa“socialconstruction”.(Para4)Asocialconstructionreferstotheprocessorresultofcreatinganideaorsystemofbehaviourinsocialcontexts,itiscreatedanddevelopedbetweenpeopleandisnotsomethingnaturalorgenetic.Languagepoints2、Becausetheycan’tbereasonedwith,anddon’tunderstand,parentstreatthemwithagreatdealoftoleranceandleniency.(Para5)Toleranceistheattitudeofsomeonewhoiswillingtoacceptotherpeople’sbeliefsorwayoflifewithoutcriticizingthemeveniftheydisagreewiththem.Thewordleniencymeansgivingapunishmentoractinginawaythatisnotassevereorharshasitcouldbe.Languagepoints3、Theyareregularlytoldoffforbeingclumsyandachildwhofallsovermaybelaughedat,shoutedat,orbeaten.(Para6)Totellsomeoneoffmeanstocriticizesomeoneangrilyfordoingsomethingwrong.Ifyouaretoldofffordoingsomethinginaseriousorofficialway,youarereprimanded.ImportantWordstrample[`træmpəl]1.踩,踏2.践踏,蹂躏3.无视；侵犯You'vetrampledonherfeelings.你伤害了她的感情。1. 塞入,填塞2. 塞满3. (为考试而)死记硬背功课,临时准备应考She'scrammingforherhistoryexam.她考历史之前临时抱佛脚。cram[kræm]ImportantWordsBuffet[`bʌfit]vt.1. 反复敲打,连续猛击2. 打来打去；推来搡去n.1. (火车站的)饮食柜台,(火车的)餐车,自助餐2. 自助餐canyon[`kænjən]n.1. 峡谷科罗拉多大峡谷（Colorado，theGrandCanyon）Begining(Introduction)contrastsinchildhood,1970sor1980sandtoday;contemporarychildhoodhascharacteristicsofplay,school,familylifeandconsumption;100yearsagochildrenworkedandwerepartofpubliclifeandproductionMainBody(Researchevidence)MainBody(Researchevidence)Ending(Conclusions)childhoodisachangingphenomenon;cross-culturalviewsshowawidevarietyofchildhoods;anthropologyteachesustobecautiousaboutinterferingwithorcriticizingothercultures;anthropologistsstudydifferentideasaboutchildhoodandhowtheyaffectchildrenDifficultSentencesThepastisaforeigncountry;theydothingsdifferentlythere.------L.P.Hartley往事犹若异乡,他们在那里做的事情都不一样Thissaysthatchildhoodisastrangeland,faraway,withtheideathatcustomsandbehaviourinfluencechildhood.Itisdifferentfromthatofadults,andperhapsitalsoimpliesthatchildhoodisculturallydifferent.SummaryMontgomeryarguesthatchildhoodisasocialconstructionandcitessixcontrastinganthropologicalstudiesfromaroundtheworldtoshowthatchildhoodandchildren’srolesareinterpreteddifferently.Childhoodisachangingphenomenon;thereareawidevarietyofchildhoodsandtheyaffectchildrendifferently.(45words)AssignmentsAnAnecdoteinMyChildhoodMychildhood,thesameasyours,filledwithalotofinterestingthings.AndeverytimewhenIthoughtofthosefun,Ialwayscan’thelplaughing.ThereisonethingthatIcanrememberthemostclearlyamongalloffunhappenedinmychildhood.AssignmentsIthappenedinaweekendwhichIstayedaloneathome.AtthattimeIwasjust6yearsoldandmydreamwastofeedsomechicksinmyroom.Ihadaskedmyparentstofeedafewchicksformanytimes,buttheyalwaysusingdifferentkindsofreasonstorefuseme,whichmademesad.Afterafewtimesfailures,Idecidedtouseeggshatchchicks.Irememberedmykindergartenteacherhadtaughtusthatthechicks'hatchweredependedonthehen'stemperature.SoItookeggsoutoffridgeandputthemintothethermos.AssignmentsThen,Iputthethermoscontainingeggsinmyparents’quilt.Whenmyparentscameback,seeingthethermoshidintheirquilt,theybothburstedintolaughter.Andthenextday,Ireceivedthechicksboughtbymyparents.