CET写作技巧

nullWelcome to My Class! Welcome to My Class! CET-4 Writing Lecturer: Xie Yajunnull谢亚军，湖南商学院外国语学院副教授，英语语言文学硕士。现为湖南商学院《综合英语》校级精品课程主讲教师，英语语言文学系主任。研究方向为理论语言学和应用语言学。主讲课程：《综合英语》、《高级英语》、《语言学导论》、《英语阅读》、《英语写作》、《大学英语》。主要研究语言测试、教材编写、外语教学法及理论语言学。曾受聘于从丛教育、长沙大众传媒AIS语言（雅思）英语培训学校等多家英语培训机构，熟悉英语过级、考研及出国英语培训，对命题思路洞察深刻。从事英语教学10余年，具有丰富的英语教学及班级导师工作经验。讲授的《综合英语》、《英语写作》、《语言学导论》、《大学英语》等课程多次被评为优秀课程。积累了丰富的教学和科研等方面的经验，有较强的科研能力。近年来主持和参与国家及省级课题14项，有20多篇论文在各类期刊上发表。 一、四级历年真题 一、四级历年真题 2003.01—论说文：It Pays to Be Honest　　 2004.06 --应用文：A Brief Introduction to A Tourist Attraction (导游词) 2005.01 --应用文：A Campaign Speech(演讲词) 2005.06 --叙议文：An Incident 2005.12 --论说文：Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists? 2006.06--应用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers 2006.12—论说文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTV 2007.06—应用文：Welcome to our club(欢迎词) 2007.12—论说文：Electives to choose 2008.06—论说文：Recreational Activities 2009.06 —论说文：Free Admission to museums 　　 2009.12 —论说文：Create a green campusnull2010.06—论说文：Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 2010.12—论说文：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 2011.06—论说文：Online Shopping 2011.012 —论说文：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will 　　 2012.06 —论说文：On Excessive Packaging 2012.12 —论说文(图表作文）： Education Pays 2013.6 —论说文(看图作文）（多卷）二、命题趋势分析二、命题趋势分析2001年1月以前： 说明文、论说文为主，少有应用文 2001年6月-2007年6月： 应用文为主（书信、演讲词、海示）说明文、论说文、记叙文为辅 2007年12月以来及未来趋势： 时效性强的论说文、与学生生活及未来就业有关的应用文（如求职函、投诉函及对投诉函的回信等）。近3年以看图作文及主题作文为主。三、考试要求 三、考试要求 《大学英语考试大纲》中明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于150个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出提纲、或题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。 null时间要求：30分钟 审题（3分钟）： 写作（25分钟）： 检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点 字数要求：150－180词 写作主题：大学校园生活（学习、生活、工作） 命题方式：提纲、命题、图表及看图作文 null 具体要求： 语言第一位：表达通顺、无重大语言错误 基础一般：简单原则、安全第一 基础较好：句子结构、词多变 结构第二位： 逻辑性： 并列：and/or/but 因果：because/in that, since/as, for 转折：but/however 关联词： 内容第三位： null四、写作技巧考试中观点和语言之间的关系 观点为语言服务 观点简单，不超过三分钟的构思 语言要卓越，观点要简单评分三部曲 判断文章是否切题 层次性和连贯性要求居中必须出现相应的连接词 语言错误量null作文中的观点问题 评委评分第一步先看文章是否切题，决定了一定要树立一个正确的观点 注意点 如果是提纲作文，将中文提纲改造成英文时，将其中的疑问句改成陈述句 注意中文提纲关键词的翻译 作文中难句不要超过1/3， 因为可读性不强，长短相间，错落有致 英文写作技巧 英文写作技巧 (1)注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。英文写作技巧 英文写作技巧 (2)确定主题句 　　主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 　写主题句应注意以下几点： 　①归纳出你要写的几个要点 　②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 　③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。null(3)巧用连接词 　　要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 1、表示罗列增加 1）first, second, third, last 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3）the first, the second, the third, the last 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（推荐） 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（推荐） 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（推荐） 8）most important of all, moreover, finally 9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用两点的情况） 10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） null2 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, null3 表示解释说明 　　now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover 　　furthermore, in fact, actually 4 表示转折关系 　　but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, null5 表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither…nor 6 表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that null7 表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 8 表示让步关系 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom) null9 表示举例 for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example 10 表示比较 be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as, 11 表示目的 for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, null12 表示强调 in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all 13 表示概括归纳 in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion 英文写作技巧 英文写作技巧 (4)掌握常用句型：根据情况，使句子多样化，文章灵活多姿 1.使用一些强势句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力。短语优先。 2.句式多样，复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，以 简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。 3. 少用重复词 null5个常用单词的替代 Think → claim / suggest / believe / advocate / maintain / suppose Good → beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent / positive Bad → harmful / detrimental / hazardous / negative Advantage → merit / virtue / benefit / profit / pro Disadvantage → demerit / drawback / flaw / shortcoming / con / cost下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句1+2) (2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句) (3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (介词短语+并列分句(1)+(2) ) (4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语) (5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句) nullRewrite the following sentences into one sentence. The young pilot was on his first overseas training. He felt very uneasy. null(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy. (b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training. (c) The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy. (d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training. (e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy. (f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. 　null(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. (h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy. (i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy. (j) When the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy. (k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy. (l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy. 英语写作要诀英语写作要诀Agreement:主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。 Ambiguity:尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。 Brief:文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。 Coherence:文理通顺，前后连贯。 Development:主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。 英语写作要诀 英语写作要诀 Division:词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。 Figures:正确合理使用各类修辞格式。 Inflated diction:不使用做作的语言。 Key:用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。 　　 　nullLogical:内容要符合逻辑。 Message:信息要新鲜、确实、可信。 Omit:合理删除多余的不必要部分。 Proposition:主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。 Punctuation:正确适时使用标点符号。 　　nullRelevant:文章一定要切题。 Sentence pattern:句型要尽量多样化。 Strait:开门见山，直来直去。 Style:文体恰切，适合内容要求。 Tense:动词时态要正确一致变化合理。 Theme:选题得当，主题突出。